Indlela abaSebenza ngayo kwaye Yintoni enokubathinta
I- bronchioles yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuphefumula. Ziyimihlathi apho umoya uhanjiswa khona empumlweni nasemlonyeni ukuya kwi- alveoli ( iibhakabhaka zomoya) ekupheleni komthi wokuphefumula , ngokoqobo njengamasebe amakhulu kwinkqubo yokuphefumula, i-bronchioles ayinalo i-cartilage.
Ulwakhiwo lweBronchioles
Njengoko umoya uphazamisekile, uthathelwa kwi- trachea uze ungene kwi- bronchus eyona nto .
I-bronchus eyintloko ihlula i-bronchi emibini (enye ngomphunga ngamnye) eqhubeka ukuhlukana ngaphambi kokuba ibe yi-bronchioles. Njengoko i-bronchioles iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza, ngokufanayo njengamasebe omthi, nganye iyabanjwa nge-alveolus. Yilapho ukudluliselwa kwe-oksijini kunye ne-carbon dioxide egazini.
I-bronchioles ihlukaniswe zibe zintathu iintlobo, nganye ibe yincinci encinci:
- I-Lobular bronchioles (i-lobes enkulu)
- I-bronchioles yamaRerminal (cinga iimpawu zokudlulisa)
- I-bronchioles yokuphefumula (ejongene nokuqondisa umoya kwi-alveoli)
I-bronchioles i-lobular neyigcinayo iyaziwa ngokuba "indawo efile" kuba kungabikho utshintsho lwomoya olwenzeka kulezi zidlule. I-bronchioles ngokwawo incinci, ukusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-1 mm ububanzi.
Umsebenzi weBronchioles
Nangona i-bronchi inamacenge e-cartilage ebenza ukuba bahlale bevulekile, i-bronchioles idibene nezicubu ezinobulunga.
Oku kuvumela ukuba bathathe isivumelwano kunye nokuphucula, ngokufanelekileyo ukulawula ukuhamba komoya njengoko kwenza indlela eya kwi-alveoli.
Kwimeko engaphantsi kwayo, ibuye ibenze ikhuseleke kwizinto ezingqongileyo ezingabangela ukuba zivumelwano kunye, kwezinye iimeko, zincinci. Ebizwa ngokuba yi- bronchoconstriction , le mpendulo ingabangelwa ngumsi wesigare, i-fumyi, i-hot air, kunye ne-allergen, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Nangona ukunciphisa i-bronchiole kuthethwa ukuba kugcinwe i-irritants ngaphandle kwe-airways, kunokubangela ukuphefumula ukuphefumula, ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu. Xa oko kwenzeka, i-adrenaline kunye namanye ama-hormone akhululwa ngumzimba ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwaye avumele umoya uphucule kwiindinyana.
Uhlobo olulodwa lweseli elitholakala kwi-bronchioles (olubizwa ngokuba yi-Type 2 alveolar cell) lunoxanduva lokukhutshwa kwezinto (ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-surfactants) eziqinisekisa i-bronchioles ukuze zingawa phantsi ngexesha lokuphuma. Olunye uhlobo lweselula (olubizwa ngokuba ngama-cell cells) lithembele iiprotheni ezichitha zonke iicekisi ezingase zifumene indlela yazo phantsi komthi wokuphefumula.
Iingxaki zeBronchioles
Njengoko i-bronchioles ayinayo i-cartilage yokuxhaswa, iyakwazi ukuchaphazeleka kwiimeko ezibangelwa ukunyanzelisa kunye / okanye ukuvinjelwa kwe-airways. Xa oko kwenzeka, iimpawu zingabandakanya ukuhamba , ukuphefumla okufutshane, ukuphefumula ukuphefumula ( ukubuyisela ), kunye ne-cyanosis (umbala wesikhumba obumhlophe obangelwa kukunciphisa i-oxygen).
Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezinokuthi zingonakalise ngqo umsebenzi we-bronchioles. Phakathi kwabo:
- I-brronchiolitis ukuvuvukala kwe-bronchioles kubonakala kubantwana phakathi kweminyaka emithathu nantandathu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa yiintsholongwane ezifana nesifo sengqondo sokuphefumula (RSV) kunye nomkhuhlane. Uphulo lujoliswe ngokusisigxina ekulawuleni iimpawu de ukusulela usulelo luqhube ikhosi. Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-ventilator ingafuneka.
- I-asthma ibangelwa ngokuyinhloko ngama-allergen okanye i-toxins emoyeni. Izifo zokuphefumula nazo zingabangela ukuba i-asthma kubantwana. Unyango luqulethwe ngamachiza okuhlaziya i-airways (i-bronchodilator) kunye nokupheliswa okanye ukuphepha kwanoma yiphi na i-allergen eyaziwayo.
- I-Bronchiolitis obliterans yimeko engabonakaliyo kwaye imbi kakhulu echaphazela abantu abadala apho i-bronchioles inokutshatyalaliswa kwaye ikhuni, iphazamise amandla omntu okuphefumula. Izizathu zingabandakanya ukungcola kwezinto ezinobuthi, izifo zentsholongwane, ukuguquka komzimba kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis. I-Bronchiolitis obliterans ayinakuguquka kwaye idinga ukuba unyango lwe-oxygen kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-steroids. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kunokufuneka.
> Umthombo
- > Intliziyo yeSizwe, iLung, kunye neNkcazi yeGazi: iiNational Institutes of Health (NIH). "Iprogram yokuphefumula." UBetdada, eMaldin; Julayi 17, 2012.