Yintoni i-Anatomy kunye neMisebenzi yeBronchus?
Yiyiphi i-bronchus (okanye ityala, i-bronchi) kwaye ziphi izi zakhiwo eziphakathi kwenkqubo yokuphefumula? Ziyintoni i-anatomy kunye nomsebenzi wabo, kwaye zeziphi iimeko zonyango ezinokuchaphazela ezi zakhiwo?
Inkcazo: iBronchus
I-bronchus iphakathi kwamasebe amabini amakhulu e- trachea ekhokelela kwimiphunga. I-bronchi iqala xa i-trachea ihlula ukwenza i-bronchi efanelekileyo nekhohlo (i-braural bronchus).
I-bronchi yahlula kuqala kwi-lobar bronchi kwaye emva koko i-bronchi ephakamileyo. Le mikhumbi iya kuba yincinci encinci njengoko ihlula kwi-bronchioles, i-bronchioles yesigxina, i-bronchioles yokuphefumula, i-alveolar sacs, kwaye ekugqibeleni i- alveoli apho kukho utshintshi lwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide.
I-bronchi yenziwe ngemisipha epholileyo kunye neendonga ze-cartilage ezinika ukuzinza.
Ulwakhiwo lweBronchi
I-bronchus eyona ngundoqo - I-bronchus eyona nto ibamfutshane kwaye ihamba ngaphezulu kunekhohlo, malunga ne-2.5 m (malunga no-1 intshi) ubude. Ikwahlula kwi-bronchi encinci ukungena kwi-lobes ezintathu yomphunga olungileyo.
I-bronchus engasese ekhohlo - I-bronchus ekhohlo incinci kwaye ide ngaphezu kwe-right bronchus (malunga ne-5 cm okanye 1.5 intshi.) Yona, ihlula i-lobar bronchi emibini eyenza i-lobes ezimbini yomphunga wekhohlo.
Umsebenzi weBronchial
I-bronchi isebenza njengendlela yokuhamba emoyeni ukuhamba emlonyeni nasekhenkheni, ukuya kwi-alveoli, kwaye uphinde uye kwindalo.
Nangona i-bronchi iye yacatshangelwa ngamalungu omzimba omzimba ixesha elide, sifunda ukuba baneminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iingqungquthela kwi-bronchi secrete mucous edlala umsebenzi obalulekileyo umzimba wokuzikhusela, kokubili ukwahlukanisa kunye nokungasebenzi okusebenzayo kwamagciwane ezincinci.
Iimeko ezibandakanya iBronchi
Ezinye izimo zonyango ezinokubandakanya i-bronchi. Ezinye zezi zinto zibandakanya eminye imimandla yemiphunga, kwaye ezinye zithintela kwi-bronchus kunye ne-bronchi encinci. Oku kungaquka:
I-brronchitis - I-bronchitis enobuhlungu kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ze-bronchi. Isifo esingapheliyo sisinye isifo sesifo esingapheliyo se- pulmonary disease (COPD) imeko ebangela ukuba ukufa ku-United States.
Ukuphefumula - Ukuba into yangaphandle ikhutshwa ngengozi, ihlala ifakwe kwenye yebronchi. Ukuphefumula kunokukhankanywa kwi-ray-ray ngokubonakala komphunga ngaphaya komqobo. I-bronchoscopy idla ngokufunekayo ukususa umzimba wangaphandle kule mizila.
Umdlavuza womlenze - Amanye amachiza emiphunga avela kwiindonga ze-bronchi, ikakhulukazi izicubu ezinjengomhlaza omncinci wesifo somhlaza kunye nomhlaza wesifo somnxeba we- squamous . Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ezi ntlobo zomhlaza zazingumhlobo oqhelekileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imiphunga ye-lung adenocarcinoma, i-tumor edla ngokubanzi kwimida yemiphunga kude ne-airways yindlela eqhelekileyo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kucingelwa ngabanye ukuba iidlonda ezikufutshane neendlela zomoya ziqhelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba zifakwe i-cigarettes, kwaye i-residu iya kufaka kule mizila yokuqala.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ngokudibanisa kwezihlunu, i-toxins inokungenelela ngaphakathi kwimiphunga apho i-adenocarcinomas ivela khona.
I-Asthma - I- Asthma isifo esichazwe ngokunyanzeliswa kwe-bronchi , ephazamisayo nokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwemoya kwindalo ukuya kwi-alveoli yemiphunga. Phakathi kwamanye unyango, i-asthma ivame ukuphathwa kunye ne-bronchodilators - imishanguzo esetyenziselwa ukuphucula i-bronchi kunye nokunciphisa i-contraction.
Iinkqubo ezibandakanya iBronchus neBronchi
I-bronchoscopy - i- bronchoscopy yinkqubo apho ityhubhu (ebizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscope) ifakwe emlonyeni nakwi-bronchi.
I-bronchoscopy ingenziwa ukuze ihlolwe iimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okanye ukukhwehlela igazi, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye iimeko, ezifana nokuphaphaza kwi-airways, okanye ukususwa kwamanye amazwe.
Inkqubo yokugcina i-endobronchial ultrasound yinto ehamba phambili ekuxilongweni komhlaza wamaphaphu kunye nesifo somphunga. Ngethuba le-bronchoscopy, i-ultrasound (endobronchial ultrasound) inokwenziwa ukuba ikhangele iifom ezinzulu kwimipuphu edlulileyo. Xa i-tumor ikhona, i-biopsy intsalane ngamanye amaxesha ingenziwa phantsi kwesikhokelo se-endobronchial ultrasound, eyenza sikwazi ukufumana izicubu kwi-tumor ngaphandle kwesidingo se-biopsy evulekile.
Ukubizwa: i- bron-kus
Imizekelo: UJim watshelwa ukuba umhlaza wakhe wamaphaphu wawukufutshane nomphambili wakhe wokunene.
> Imithombo:
> Ilayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. MedlinePlus. Bronchitis engapheliyo. Ukuhlaziywa 04/21/17. https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html