I-ultrasound ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamagagasi omsindo ukuthatha imifanekiso yomzimba phantsi kwesikhumba. Uninzi lwabantu ludibanisa nokusetyenziswa kwezobisi nge-ultrasound ngendlela yokubonwa ngumntwana ongakazalwa xa ekhulelwe. Nangona i-gawula yenza kube nzima ukuba amagagasi omsindo asetyenziswe ukuvavanya ingqondo ngokuthe ngqo, kusekho iindlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa i-ultrasound kwi-neurology.
Indlela i-Ultrasound isebenza ngayo
Inkqubo ebekwe entloko inika umtsalane omsindo ophezulu. Oku kunqamka kwizinto ezisemzimbeni, kwaye i-echo ifumaneka ngeprobe. Oku kudla ukusetyenziswa ukuthabatha imifanekiso yamaninzi ahlukeneyo. Ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwayo banokufumana iimithambo kunye namathambo egazi, umzekelo, okwakunokuba nzima ukuwafumanisa.
Nangona kunjalo, i-ultrasound inokusebenzisa enye. Ngenxa yempembelelo yeDoppler, apho uguquko lwezandi luguquka ngokuxhomekeka kwintshukumo yomthombo, isandi sesandi sinakho ukuvavanya okuhlukeneyo okuhambelana nokukhawuleza kwegazi. Ngenxa yoko, i-ultrasound ingaba yindlela efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba igazi ligeleza ngendlela elindelekileyo ngomzimba.
Transcranial Doppler
I-Transcranial Doppler (TCD) yindlela esebenzisa amaza omsindo ukulinganisa ukunyuka kwegazi apho igazi liphuma kwimibhobho yengqondo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa i-transcranial Doppler kwi-neurology, kubandakanywa ukuhlolisisa i-vasospasm emva kwesisu se-subarachnoid , ukukhangela ukungabikho kwegazi ekuphumeni kokuphefumula , nokuvavanya umngcipheko wesifo sokugula kwesifo segciwane .
Ukuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokucinga, i-transcranial Doppler ayithengi kwaye iphathekayo, eyenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kwiiofisi zonyango nakwiewadi zesibhedlele.
Nangona igaqa livimbela amaza omsindo adingekayo kwi-TCD, kukho imimandla apho ithambo lincinci, apho iifom zomsindo zingabhekiswa khona. Umchwepheli onamava unokufumana ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusekelwe kwiimilinganiselo ze-velocity, nangona abantu abaninzi basebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo yokucinga ukuze bafumane isitya segazi esisifunayo kuqala.
Ngokubanzi, uvavanyo alubuhlungu kwaye aluyiyo.
Extracranial Ultrasound
Ingqondo ifumana igazi layo elivela kwimithambo emine entanyeni. Iingqungquthela ezimbini ze-vertebral fuse kwi-basilar artery ehambisa igazi kwi-brainstem kunye nangemva kwengqondo, kwaye inxalenye ebanzi yengqondo ifumana igazi kwiimitha ze-carotid zangaphakathi ezisuka kwiimitha ze-carotid entanyeni. Ukuba nayiphi na yale mingxube iyancipha okanye yonakaliswe ngenye indlela, ingakhokelela kwisifo sengqondo .
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokujonga le mijelo yegazi, kubandakanywa i-cerebral angiography, i-MR angiogram (i-MRA) kunye ne-compact tomography engiography. I-Duplex ultrasound enye indlela esetyenziswa ngayo rhoqo ukuhlola ukuphuma kwegazi ngale mijelo yegazi.
Iinjongo ze-ultrasound ziquka iindleko eziphantsi kunye nokuphathwa ngokulula kwezixhobo ezifunekayo. Ukongezelela, i-ultrasound ayifuni ukusetyenziswa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-ejenti eyahlukileyo, ngelixa ezininzi iindlela ze-angiography zidinga ukungafani ukuze zithole umfanekiso ongcono.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngelixa i-ultrasound inokunika ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga neetriyari ze-carotid ngaphambili kwentamo, inokunikela ngolwazi olungaphelelanga malunga nemithambo ye-vertebral emva kwentamo.
Oku kungenxa yokuba imithambo ye-vertebral ihamba ngeengcambu zethambo ezingavimbela amaza omsindo kwiprobethi ye-ultrasound.
I-Carotid ultrasound incike kakhulu kwizakhono zobuchwephesha, kwaye ukutolika kweziphumo kunokuhluka ngoxanduva lwabo bachaphazelekayo. Ukuba iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zifunyenwe kwi-ultrasound, mhlawumbi ingumzekelo omuhle ukuqinisekisa ezo ziphumo kunye nezinye iindlela zokucinga ngaphambi kokuba uqhutywe kutyando lwe-vascular okanye ezinye iindlela zokungenelela. Oku kuyinyani ngokunyanisekileyo kuba i-carotid ultrasound inokuthi ilandelelanise iqondo lokunciphisa umzimba.
Echocardiography
I- echocardiogram yi-ultrasound yentliziyo.
Oku kunokwenziwa ngokubeka ipererelo kwisifuba, okanye ngaphezulu ngokungenasiphelo ngokufumana iprojekiti yongena kwisigulane somguli. Nangona ezinye zingenelele, oku kukhokelela kumfanekiso ongcono weenxalenye zentliziyo elala kude nodonga lwesifuba, kuquka i-aorta kunye ne-atrium ekhohlo.
Kungabonakala kungavamile ukuxoxa ngomfanekiso wenhliziyo kwinqaku elinikezelwe kwi-neurology, kodwa ekugqibeleni ukwahlula kwengqondo kunye nentliziyo kunokwenza okuthile. Ingqondo ixhomekeke entliziyweni yokufumana ukuhamba kwegazi. Emva kokuphazamiseka, umgaqo-nkqubo ufuna ukuba intliziyo ifumaneke ukuba ikhangele iindawo ezikhoyo ezinokuthi ziqhubekele kwiingqondo ukuze zinamathele kumzobo kwaye ziyeke ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwinxalenye yengqondo.
Ekugqibeleni, kukho iindlela eziliqela zobuchwepheshe be-ultrasound ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya izigulane ezinezifo ze-neurological, nangona enye yezo ndlela (i-transcranial doppler) ibheka ngokuthe ngqo ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo ngokwayo. Kanye kunye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kunye nezinye iindlela, i-ultrasound inokukunceda oogqirha ukuba baqonde ukuba kwenzekani phantsi kwesikhumba sakho nangemva kwekrele lakho.
Imithombo:
UJohn B Chambers, uMark A de Belder, uDavid Moore. I-Echocardiography kwi-stroke kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic. Intliziyo. 1997 uAgasti; 78 (iSiza 1): 2-6.
Uvavanyo: I-Transcranial Doppler. Ingxelo ye-American Academy ye-Neurology, i-Therapeutics kunye neKomiti yeCommunity Assessment. I-neurology 40 (4): 680-1. 1990.
MA Sloan, Alexandrov AV, Tegeler CH, et al. Uvavanyo: i-transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: ingxelo ye-Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee ye-American Academy ye-Neurology. Neurology 2004; 62: 1468.