Igazi legazi elibangela i-anemia nentlungu
Sibanzi
I-anemia ye-Sickle isifo segazi. Iimpawu zayo eziphambili zihlala ixesha elide (i-chronic) ne-epemode yeentlungu. Kwi-disorder, i-hemoglobin molecules kwiimfomvu zegazi ezibomvu, ezithwala i-oksijini kuwo wonke umzimba, ziphosakele. Ezi molekyuli eziphosakeleyo zibangela ezinye zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ukuba zitshintshe kwaye zenze uhlobo lomkhwa. Lezi zisele zegazi ezingaqhelekanga ziwumthombo we-anemia kunye nentlungu.
Ukukhula
I-anemia ye-Sickle-cell iqhelekile kubantu abakho ootata abavela kwi-Afrika engaphantsi kweSahara, iindawo zaseNtanethi ezizithethayo emhlabeni (eMzantsi Melika, eCuba, naseMentral America), i-Saudi Arabia, i-Indiya kunye namazwe aseMedithera njengeTurkey, iSicily, iGrisi , naseItali.
Xa ucinga ukuba uyisifo esingavamile , uphando ngoku lubonisa ukuba e-United States, i-anemia ye-gale-cell isenzeka ngo-1 kuwo wonke ama-500 ase-Afrika aseMelika kunye nama-1 kuwo onke ama-900 aseMelika aseMelika asezalwa.
Phantse izigidi ezimbini zaseMerika zithwala i- gene defective ye -anemia-cell cell anemia kodwa abayiyo isifo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba abantu ababini abanesifo esinokukhubazeka, batsho ukuba banamathuba emine ukuba nayiphi na umntwana abaya kuba ne-anemia yesifo.
Ukuxilongwa
Ininzi emazweni ase-US enza uvavanyo olulula lwegazi kuzo zonke iintsana ezizalwe ukufumana i-anemia yegilane. Ukuba uvavanyo lubonisa i-hemoglobin engavamile, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwesibini kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Iimpawu
- Ubuhlungu: Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ezibunjiweyo zinamathele kwaye zinenkathazo yokudlula kwimithambo encinane yegazi emzimbeni. Iiseli ziyanamathela, zidibene kunye, kwaye zivimba ukuhamba kwegazi. Ukuthintelwa ngaphandle kwegazi kubangela intlungu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yingxaki yegalele-cell.
- I-anemia: Iifom zegazi ezibomvu ezibunjiweyo ziyafa ngokukhawuleza. Kukho ke ii-cells ezibomvu zegazi ezithwala i-oksijini kuwo wonke umzimba. Isiphumo sukukhathala, ubuhlungu kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane .
- Ukukhula okudlulileyo : I- anemia iyanciphisa izinga lokukhula kuba iiseli zomzimba azifumani i-oksijini abayidingayo ukuze zikhule. Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abane-anemia ye-gel-cell-cells bahlala bakha incinci kunezinye abantu abaneminyaka efanayo.
- Iingxaki zamehlo : Iliso lingonakaliswa ukungabi naso komoya; inokuba yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze kubangele ubumfama.
- Izifo: Abantu abane-anemia yegulane-yintsholongwane abasengozini yokusuleleka kwizifo ngenxa yokulimala kwizixhobo zabo zokuzivikela kwisifo.
- Isibetho: Ukuba igazi lihamba kwiindawo zeengqondo livaliwe ngamaseli aguqwayo, isifo siza kwenzeka.
- Isifo sesifuba esifanelekileyo: Intlungu yesifuba kunye nomkhuhlane obangelwa yi-sickle-cell anemia ingaba yinkxalabo yokusongela ubomi.
Unyango
Ubuhlungu buvela kwi-anemia yegilane-iseli iphathwa ngezilonda zokubulala iintlungu kunye namanzi angama-intravenous. Uninzi lweengxaki ziphathwa njengoko zenzeka. I-antiticancer drug hydroxyurea inokunciphisa ubude beentlungu zesalane ezibuhlungu kunye nesifo se-chest syndrome.
Abantwana abancinane, ukuya kwi-5 ubudala, bavame ukunikezwa ngomlomo nge-penicillin kabini ngosuku ukukhusela i-pneumonia. Ukumpontshelwa igazi kunokulungisa i-anemia, ukunceda ukuthintela imivimbo, nokunyusa ukwandiswa kwesipelingi. Kukho, nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ezibi kakhulu ukuba zibe negazi rhoqo.
Unonophelo lwengonyango lubalulekile kubantu abane-anemia yegciwane.
Xa kunonophelo lwempilo, abantu abanesifo banokuba nempilo enhle baze baphile kwiminyaka emibini ukuya ngaphaya.
Uphando
Uphando luqhubeka lukhangela iziyobisi ukunyanga i-anemia ye-sickle cell. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zavelisa amagundane e-laboratory anesifo segulane-isifo esifana nabantu ukwenzela ukuba unyango olutsha lunokuhlolwa. Umtsalane we-bone umthamo ungaphilisa eso sifo, kodwa umongo kufuneka uvela kumncedisi onempilo ohambelana nomntwana, kwaye inkqubo inemingcipheko emininzi .
Umthombo:
"Imibuzo." 2007. Umbutho waseMelika weSickle Anemia Association. 27 Julayi 2009.