UkuQaphela nokuThatyathwa kweMpilo engcono
Kwiintlobo ezininzi zeengxaki zezofuzo kunye nemethambo, iimpawu aziqaleki de iintsuku okanye iiveki emva kokuba umntwana azalwe. Ngethuba leempawu zibonakala, umonakalo usenokwenziwa kwenkqubo yesifo, izintso, umbono, iintetho kunye nezinye izixhobo zomzimba. Kungenxa yoko ukufumanisa kwangaphambili kwezi ngxaki ezinzulu kuzo zonke iintsana kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwezi ngxaki kunokunciphisa ingozi yesifo, ukukhubazeka, kwanokufa.
Ukuqala kweeNkcazo eziza kutshatyalaliswa
Iingcamango zokuvavanya zonke iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka zaqala ngawo-1960 kunye nokuphuculwa kovavanyo lokuhlola i- phenylketonuria , ukuphazamiseka kwemizimba. Indlela yokuqokelela kunye nokuthutha iisampuli zegazi kwiphepha lokucoca laphuhliswa okwenza i-screening scale scale-effective. Ukususela ngoko iimvavanyo ezininzi zegazi ezicetywayo ziye zaphuhliswa, kwaye ngokunje usana luya kuvavanywa kwiingxaki ezingaphezulu kwama-30 ezahlukahlukeneyo okanye izifo ezixubileyo. Itheknoloji entsha usebenzisa i-tandem mass mass spectrometry inokukhenkcelela ezininzi iingxaki ngokusebenzisa amaconsi ambalwa egazi lomntwana.
Ukuhlolwa kweNewborn in the United States
Wonke ama-50 athi eUnited States anika iimvavanyo zokuhlola ukuzalwa, kodwa akusiyo yonke into idinga ukuhlolwa kwintsana ngokutsha. Kwakhona, nangona iintsana zinokuhlolwa iinjongo ezingama-29, iziganeko ezi-13 kuphela kunye neSithili sase-Columbia zifuna zonke iingu-29 zokuhlola. Amazwe angaphezulu kwama-27 afuna ngaphezulu kwama-20 ukuhlolwa.
Ezi zintlanu zichaza isikrini malunga neengxaki ezi-10 ukuya kwezi-20, kwaye zintlanu zibonisa isikrini kwimiba engaphantsi kwezi-10. Uluhlu lweemvavanyo zokuhlola ezibonelelwe ngurhulumente ngamnye lukhoyo.
Unyaka ngamnye uMatshi weDimes uchaza iKhadi leNgcaciso yokuHlola iNtsana elihlalutya iimfuno ezisanda kuzalwa kwi-United States. Ngo-2007, iipesenti ezingama-90 zazo zonke iintsana ezazalelwa e-United States zazihlala kumazwe afuna ukuhlolwa ngentsingiselo engama-21.
I-Matshi ye-Dimes iqikelela ukuba i-6.2 ekhulwini yabantwana abasanda kuzalwa e-United States baya kuhlolwa ngethuba lokungaxakeki kwezi-10. NgoMatshi weDimes isebenza ukunciphisa okungafaniyo nokuhlolwa kwintsana kwilizwe, ngenjongo yokuba zonke iintsana zihlolwe izifo ezingama-20 okanye ngaphezulu ngo-2008.
Ukuhlolwa kweNtsana olutsha olutsha kwihlabathi
Ukuhlolwa kweengxaki kuyingxenye yonyango lwezempilo olutsha olutsha kuwo onke amazwe athuthukileyo. Ininzi amazwe ikhupha i-phenylketonuria, i-hypenital hypothyroidism kunye ne-cystic fibrosis. Abaninzi banokukhenkcelela i-adrenal hyperplasia ye-congenital, i-galactosemia kunye nesifo segulane, kunye nezinye izifo. I-US National Newborn Screening & I-Genetics Resource Centre inezixhumanisi kwiinkqubo zamazwe ngamazwe ngolwazi olungakumbi.
Iimvavanyo zenziwe njani
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zobomi (phakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-7 emva kokuzalwa), amaconsi ambalwa egazi athatyathwa kwisithende sesana (bona isithombe) kwaye ubeke kwikhadi elikhethekileyo. Eli phepha lithunyelwa kwibhubhoratri yokuvavanya. Iziphumo zeemvavanyo zegazi zithunyelwa kubantwana besana. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na iimvavanyo ezibuya zilungile, uvavanyo oluninzi luyenziweyo ukwenza ukuxilongwa.
Iintlupheko ezicutshulweyo
Izifo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zihlolwe ziquka:
- phenylketonuria
- i-hypothyroidism yokuzalwa
- icystic fibrosis
- i-congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
- galactosemia
- isifo sesangqa sesifo
- i-biotinidase
- i-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa
- homocystinuria
- isifo sesiraphu yesifo se-urine (MSUD)
- ukulahleka kwe-acyl-coA dehydrogenase (MCAD)
Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweengxaki ezingakhange zihlolwe, kuquka ulwazi malunga nesifo ngasinye, ziyafumaneka.
> Imithombo:
> "Ukuzalwa kwintsana." Izixhobo zokuHlola ezisanda kuzalwa. Isiko seNew Screening & Genetics Centre.
> "Abazali - Ulwazi oluqhelekileyo." Imali, i-Ethical, Legal and Social Issues (FELSI). 28 Julayi 2005. Ukucoca, ubuGcisa noPhando kwi-Genetics (STAR-G).
> "Phantse i-90% yeeNtwazana zithotyelwa iInclaimed Screening Testing." I-PeriStats. 11 Julayi 2007. Matshi weDimes.