Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo uya kuba nomnxeba wokutshiza umtsalane okanye ukunikela ngeeseli ezinamabala, kuthini na? Ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zentshukumo yomongo weethambo kunye yintoni na amava afana nomnikeli kunye nommkeli?
Ezisiseko
Ukutshintshwa komnyoba wethambo yinkqubo apho iiseli ezikhethekileyo (ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-stem cells ) zisuswe emnzini wethambo okanye ngegazi le-pipiphar, zihlanjululwe kwaye zibuyiselwe kumntu ofanayo okanye komnye umntu.
Ekubeni ngoku sithatha iiseli ezininzi ezifunekayo ezivela egazini kunomnatha wethambo, ukutsalwa kwethambo lomnxeba ngoku kuthethwa ngokuqhelekileyo njenge- stem cell transplant .
Kutheni I-Bone Marrow Isitshululo Senziwe?
Umnkantso we-Bone ufunyanwa ngamathambo amakhulu emzimbeni afana namathambo e-pelvic. Lo mongo wethambo yindawo yokuvelisa iiseli ze-stem. Iiseli zesitembu "i-pluripotential" ithetha ukuba iiseli ziseli zandulela ezinokuthi ziguquke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zegazi, njengeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli zegazi ezibomvu kunye neeplatelet.
Ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngomongo wethambo okanye ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi kuyehla, umntu unokugula okanye afe. Kwiimeko ezinjenge- anemia ye-aplastiki , umongo wethambo unqanda ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi ezifunekayo ukuze umzimba ube. Kwizifo ezinjenge- leukemia , umongo wethambo uvelisa iiseli zegazi ezingavamile.
Ngenjongo yokutshintsha umongo we-bone itshintshe amangqamuzana angakhange aveliswe okanye atshintshe iiseli ezinamafutha angenazo ziphilileyo.
Oku kungasetyenziswa ukunyanga okanye ukuphilisa eso sifo.
Ukongeza kwi-leukemias, i-lymphomas, kunye ne-anemia ye-apem, ukuguqulwa kwe-cell stem kuhlolwa ngeengxaki ezininzi, ezivela kwiimvumi eziqinileyo ukuya kwezinye izifo ezingekho kakubi kumnxeba wethambo, kwi-sclerosis.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zethambo lomtsalane, i-autologous kunye ne-allogeneic transplants.
I-Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant
IsiGrike sokuqala "auto" sithetha "uqobo." Kwi-autologous transplant, umnikeli ngumntu oya kufumana nokutshintshwa. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa nangokuthi "ukutyalela ukukhutshwa" ibandakanya ukususa iiseli zakho ezinamaqabunga kwaye uziqhumise. Emva koko ufumana i-chemotherapy ephezulu ye-dose elandelwa ukunyuswa kwama-cell stem egcotyiweyo. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-leukemi, i-lymphomas, okanye i-myeloma eninzi.
I-Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplant
Isiqalo sesiGrike esithi "allo" sithetha "ukuhluka" okanye "enye." Kwi-allogeneic bone of transplant plant, umnikeli ngumnye umntu ophethe uhlobo lwesisu lomzimba olufana nomntu ofuna ukufakelwa. Ngenxa yokuba iintlobo zeethambo zizuze njengefa, zifana nombala weenwele okanye umbala weso, kunokwenzeka ukuba uya kufumana umnikeli ofanelekileyo kulungu lentsapho, ngakumbi umntakwabo. Ngelishwa, oku kwenzeka kuphela kuma-25 ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini kwexesha.
Ukuba ilungu lentsapho alihambisani nommkeli, iNgcaciso yeKharityhulam yeSondlo soNcedo lweMarrha kaZwelonke ingasetyenzwa umntu ongathandaniyo ohlobo lwayo lwesisu luhlobo olusondeleyo. Kunokwenzeka ukuba umnikeli ovela kumnye uhlanga okanye uhlanga njengokuba ummkeli uya kuba neempawu ezifanayo.
Funda kabanzi malunga nokufumana umnikezeli we-stem cell transplant .
Imithombo ye-Bone Marrow I-Stem Cells
Amaseli omnyo we-Bone angatholakala kwiindlela ezintathu eziphambili. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukuvuna komnkantso we-bone : Kwivuno lomncuba wethambo, iisundu ze-stem ziqokelelwa ngqo kwi-bone lomnatha.
- I-Apheresis okanye i-leukapheresis : Kwi-apheresis, iiseli ze-stem ziqokelelwa kwiiseli zegazi ezijikelezayo zephersi (PBSC.) Umgca wokubamba iqhosha ufakwe kwisandla sakho esifana nelokuba unika igazi.
- Igazi lomthambo we-umbilical: Amaseli esitembu angaphinde atholakale egazini kwintambo yomlomo emva nje kokuba umntwana azalwe (intambo yebhanki yegazi.) Ngenxa yokuba la maseli asetsheni ayingcanga, kunesidingo esincinci somdlalo opheleleyo.
Uninzi lwezitshixo ze-stem zenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-PBSC eqokelelwe yi-apheresis (i- bloodpemal stem cell transplantants ). Le ndlela ibonakala ibonelela iziphumo ezingcono kubo bobabini nomnikeli. Kukho iimeko ezinokuthi ukuvunwa komnkantso wesintu.
Ziziphi izinto ezinikelwa ngabanikeli
Ukunikezela ngamaseli okanye i- marrow bone Kwiimeko ezininzi, umnikelo wenziwa ngokusebenzisa iiseli ezijikelezayo ze-cell (PBSC) eziqokelelwa yi-apheresis. Okokuqala, umniki-mali ufumana amayeza eyeza iintsuku eziliqela ezenza iisundu ezinokuthi ziphume kwintolongo yethambo kunye negazi. Ukuqokelela i-stem cell, umxhasi uxhumeke kumshini ngedaliti efakwe kwisitya (njengokunikela ngegazi). Igazi lithathwa kwi-vein, lucwetshwe ngumatshini ukuqokelela iiseli ezinamahlumela, uze ubuyele kumniki-mali ngenaliti kwenye ingalo. Kukho phantse ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuphucula ixesha ngale nkqubo.
Ukuba iiseli ezinamaqhina ziqokelelwa yimvuna yomnxeba we-bone (ubuncinane kakhulu), umniki-mali uza kulala kwigumbi lokusebenza kwaye xa elele phantsi kwe-anesthesia kunye nenaliti iya kufakwa kwi-hip okanye kwisibilini sokuthatha umongo wethambo. Emva kokuvuswa, kunokubakho intlungu apho kufakwe inaliti.
Yintoni abafumanayo amava
Ukutshintshwa komnxeba wethambo kuyinkqubo enzima kakhulu kummkeli.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ngokuqhelekileyo sithola amayeza aphakamileyo e-chemotherapy kunye / okanye i-radiation ukuphelisa nantoni nayiphi na intolongo yethambo. Ngokomzekelo, nge-leukemia, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukrazula zonke iiselm
Emva kokuba umnkantsha wamathambo oqobo utshabalalisiwe, ama-cell stem angena kwi-intravenously, afana ne-transfusion yegazi. Iiseli ezinamahluma zifumana indlela yazo ezithambo kwaye ziqale ukukhula kwaye zenze iiseli ezingaphezulu (ezibizwa ngokuba yi- engraftment ).
Kukho iingxaki ezininzi. Ixesha elona xesha libi kakhulu xa i-marrow bone itshabalalisa kangangokuthi iiseli ezimbalwa zegazi zihlala. Ukutshatyalaliswa komnatha wethambo kubangela inani elincitshisiweyo kakhulu yeentlobo zeeseli zegazi ( pancytopenia ). Ngaphandle kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokusuleleka, kwaye isilumkiso esisetyenzisiweyo sisetyenziselwa esibhedlele (ukwahlukana). Amanqanaba amancinci yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi (i- anemia ) adinga ukunyelwa igazi ngelixa elinde iisensi ze-stem ziqala ukukhula. Amanqanaba aphantsi eeplatelet ( thrombocytopenia ) egazini angakhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi kwangaphakathi.
Inkxalabo echaphazelekayo echaphazela ama-40 ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini kwabamkeliyo isifo sesigxina . Oku kwenzeka xa amaseli egazi amhlophe (iiseli ze-T) kwiiseli ezixhaswe (ukuxhoma) zihlasela izicubu kummkeli (umphathi), kwaye unokusongela ubomi.
Enye indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi- non-semoablative bone of transplant or "mini-bone bone". Kule nkqubo, i-doses ephantsi ye-chemotherapy inikezwa ukuba ayinakususa ngokupheleleyo okanye "i-ablate" yomnatha wethambo njengokwimeko yokutsalwa komnyo. Le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa umntu omdala okanye mhlawumbi angenako ukunyamezela inkqubo yomdabu. Kule meko, ukutshintshwa kusebenza ngokuhlukileyo ukuphathwa kwesi sifo. Esikhundleni sokutshintsha umongo wethambo, umrongo onikelweyo unokuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza eziye zahlala emzimbeni kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba "ulwabiwo oluphikisanayo nolwaphulo."
Ngaba Unomnqweno Wokunikela iMarrow Bone?
Ukuba ungathanda ukuba ngumnikeli wokuzithandela, inkqubo iya ngqo kwaye ilula. Nabani na phakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 no-60 kunye nempilo enhle unokuba ngumnikeli. Kukho ifom yokuzalisa kunye nesampula yegazi ukunika; ungayifumana yonke ingcaciso oyifunayo kwiwebsite yeNkxaso yeMarrha yesizwe. Unokujoyina umqhubi wenkxaso kwindawo yakho okanye uye kwiziko lokunikezela ngendawo ukuze uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwe.
Xa umntu ozithandayo abe ngumnikeli, zakhe iimpawu zenyama zegazi, njengoko zichongiwe uvavanyo oluthile lwegazi (uvavanyo lwakhe lwe-antigen), lubhalwe kwiRejista. Olu hlobo "lokuthayipha isisu" luhluke kumntu we-A, B, okanye O uhlobo lwegazi. Irekhodi yeRejistri iqulethe ulwazi loqhagamshelwano lomnikeli, kufuneka ukuba kwenziwe umdlalo wohlobo lomzimba.
Okukwintsusa
Ukuguquka komnxeba we-Bone kunokuba yi-autologous (ukusuka kuwe) okanye i-allogeneic (evela komnye umntu.) Ama-stem cells atholakala kwigazi le-peripheral, ukuvunwa komnatha wethambo okanye kwi-intambo yegazi egcinwe ngexesha lokuzalwa.
Umnikeli, inkqubo ilula. Ukufumana ummiselo, inokuba yinkqubo ende kwaye inzima, ingakumbi xa kuphakanyiswa amanani aphakamileyo e-chemotherapy ukuze kuqedwe umongo wethambo. Iingxaki ziqhelekileyo kwaye zingabandakanya izifo, ukuphaphaza, kunye ne-graft againstus host host.
Oko kwathiwa, ukuguqulwa kwethambo lomnxeba kunokunyanga nokuze kunyange ezinye izifo ezazikade ziphantse zifa ngokufanayo. Nangona ukufumana umniki-mali kunzima kunzima kwixesha elidlulileyo, iNkqubo yoMnikeli weMarrha kaZwelonke iye yandise kangangokuba abantu abaninzi abangenalo ilungu lentsapho elihambelanayo banokukwazi ukuba nomnxeba wethambo / ukutsalwa kweeseli zesitembu.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Society of Clinic Oncology. Cancer.Net. Yintoni i-Stem Cell Transplant (i-Bone Marrow Transplant)? Updated 01/16. https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/bone-marrowstem-cell-transplantation/what-stem-cell-transplant-bone-marrow-transplant
> Ilayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. MedlinePlus. I-Bone Marrow Transplant. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-10/03/17. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm