Ingxaki yomongo we-Bone
Kwi-aplastic anemia (AA), umongo wethambo unqame ukwenza okwaneleyo iiseli zegazi, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe kunye neeplatelet. I-anemia ye-aplastiki ingabonakala kunanoma yiphina ubudala kodwa ifunyanwe rhoqo kwizingane nakubantu abadala. Ingxaki ibonakala malunga nabantu ababini ukuya kweziyisithandathu ngabantu abayizigidi emhlabeni jikelele.
Abantu abangama-20% bahlakulela i-apemia ye-anemia njengengxenye yesifo esiyifumana njenge- Fanconi anemia , i-dyskeratosis congenita, okanye i- Blackfan Diamond .
Uninzi lwabantu (80%) baye bafumana i-anemia ye-aplastic, oku kuthetha ukuba kubangelwa izifo ezinjenge-hepatitis okanye i-Epstein-Barr igciwane, ukuchazwa kwezinto ezinobungozi kwimitha kunye neekhemikhali, okanye iziyobisi ezifana ne-chloramphenicol okanye phenylbutazone. Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-anemia ye-aplastiki ingaba ngumphumo wesifo sokuzimela.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-aplastic anemia ziza kancane. Iimpawu zihambelana namazinga aphantsi eeseli zegazi:
- Inani elincinci leeseli ezibomvu zegazi lenza i-anemia, eneempawu ezinjengentloko, isisu, ukukhathala, kunye ne-paleness (pallor)
- Inani elincinci lamaplatelets (okuyimfuneko yokwenza i-blood clotting) kubangela ukuphuma kwegazi ngokungaqhelekanga kwiintlobo, impumlo, okanye ukutyumla phantsi kwesikhumba (amancinci amancinci okuthiwa i-petechiae)
- Inani elincinci leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (eziyimfuneko yokulwa nosuleleko) lubangela izifo okanye izifo eziqhubekayo.
Ukuxilongwa
Iimpawu ze-aplastic anemia zihlala zikhomba indlela yokuxilongwa. Ugqirha uya kufumana inani elipheleleyo legazi (CBC) kunye negazi liya kuhlolwa ngaphantsi kwe-microscope (igazi smear).
I-CBC iya kubonisa amanqanaba aphantsi eeseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets egazini. Ukujonga iiseli ngaphantsi kwe-microscope kuya kwahlula i-aplastiki ye-anemia kwezinye izifo zegazi.
Ukongeza kwiimvavanyo zegazi, i-bone marrow biopsy (isampuli) iya kuthathwa kwaye ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.
Kwi-aplastic anemia, kuya kubonisa amancinci egazi omtsha akhiwa. Ukuhlolisisa umongo wethambo kunceda ukuhlukanisa i-aplastic anemia kwezinye izifo zengxangxongo, ezifana ne-myelodysplastic disorder okanye i-leukemia.
Ukucwangcisa
Ukuhlonywa okanye ukubeka isisigxina esi sifo kusekelwe kwiinkqubo ze-International Aplastic Anemia Study Group, echaza amazinga ngokuhambelana namanani eeseli zegazi ezikhoyo kwiimvavanyo zegazi kunye ne-bone marrow biopsy. I-anemia ye-aplastiki ihlelwe njenge-moderation (MAA), inzima (SAA), okanye inzima kakhulu (i-VSAA).
Unyango
Kubantu abancinci abane-anemia ye-anemia, umongo weethambo okanye ukutshintshwa kwe-stem cell usetha indawo yomnkantso wethambo ongenasiphelo kunye neeseli ezenza igazi. Ukutshintshwa kwezityalo kufaka ingozi emininzi, ngoko ngamanye amaxesha ayinakusetyenziswa njengonyango kubantu abadala okanye abadala. Phantse i-80% yabantu abafumana umthamo wokutsalwa komongo we-bone bafumana ukubuyiswa okupheleleyo.
Kubantu abadala, unyango lwe-anemia ye-aplastic igxininise ekunqandeni isistim somzimba nge-Atgam (i-anti-thymocyte globulin), iSandimmune (cyclosporine), okanye i-Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone), yodwa okanye idibeneyo. Impendulo kwonyango lweziyobisi lucotha, kwaye malunga nesithathu kwisithathu sabantu abaphindaphindiweyo, abangasabela kwisigidi sesibini semithi.
Abantu abane-anemia ye-aplastiki baya kuphathwa ngumphathi wegazi (i-hematologist).
Ekubeni abantu abane-anemia ye-aplastic baneenombolo eziphantsi zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, basengozini enkulu yokusuleleka. Ngoko ke, ukuthintela ukusuleleka, kwaye unyango ngokukhawuleza xa kwenzeka, kubalulekile.
Umthombo:
"I-Aplastic Anemia." Malunga nezifo. 10 uNgove 2006. I-Aplastic Anemia & MDS International Foundation, Inc .. 2 Disemba 2006