Izabelo kunye neengxaki ezifunyenwe zeGazi ezikhokelela kwiHemolysis engavumelekanga
I-Hemolysis yintsholongwane yamaseli obomvu. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zihlala zihlala malunga neentsuku ezili-120. Emva koko, bafa baze bahlukane. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zithwala i-oksijini kuwo wonke umzimba. Ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziphula phantsi ngokungavumelekanga, ziya kuba nezona zincinci kuzo ukuthwala i-oksijeni. Ezinye izifo kunye neemeko ezibangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziphule ngokukhawuleza, kubangela ukukhathala nezinye iimpawu ezinzulu.
Iintlobo zeHemolytic Anemia
Zininzi iintlobo ze- anemia ye- hemolytic kwaye iimeko zingazuzwa njengelifa (abazali bakho badlulisela imfuza kwiimeko) okanye ufunyenwe (kuthetha ukuba awuzalwanga kunye nemeko, kodwa uhlakulela ixesha elilodwa ebomini bakho). Iziphumo ezilandelayo kunye neemeko ziyimimandla yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hemolytic anemias:
Hemolytic Anemias. Unokuba neengxaki ze- hemoglobin , i-membrane yesellu okanye i-enzymes egcina iilom zegazi ezibomvu . Oku kudla ngokuba ngenxa yezinto eziphathekayo eziphathekayo ezilawula ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi. Ngelixa uhamba ngegazi, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zinokukhubeka kwaye ziphule.
Sickle Cell Anemia. Isifo esibalulekileyo esizuze ilifa apho umzimba wenza i-hemoglobin engavamile. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibe ne-crescent (okanye igalele). Iiseli zeSickle zifa emva kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-20 nje ngokuba umongo wethambo awukwazi ukwenza amatsha omzimba obomvu ngokukhawuleza ukuba atshintshe abafayo.
E-US, i-sickle cell anemia ichaphazela kakhulu amaMerika aseMerika.
Thalassemias . Ezi ziintlungu zegazi apho umzimba ongeke ukwenze ngokwaneleyo iintlobo ezithile ze-hemoglobin, obangela umzimba ukuba wenze amangqamuzana egazi obomvu abancinci ngaphezu kokuqhelekileyo.
Hereditary Spherocytosis. Xa isambatho sangaphandle seeseli ezibomvu zegazi (ummangalo womhlaba) sichasene, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinexesha elifutshane elifutshane kunye nebala , okanye ibhola efana nebhola.
I-Elliptocytosis yaseHereditary (i-Ovalocytosis). Kwakhona iquka ingxaki kunye ne-membrane yeseli, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ayifani ngokwemvelo, ayinjengezinto eziguquguqukayo njengeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kwaye zinexesha elifutshane kunamaseli enempilo.
I-Glucose-6-I-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Ukusilela. Xa iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zilahleka i-enzyme ebalulekileyo ebizwa nge- G6PD , ngoko unako ukulahleka kwe-G6PD. Ukungabikho kwe-enzyme kubangela ukuba amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi aphule aze afe xa adibanisa nezinto ezithile kwigazi.
Kulabo abanesifo se-G6PD, ukusuleleka, uxinzelelo olubi, ukutya okuthile okanye iziyobisi, kunokubangela ukutshabalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Eminye imizekelo yezinto ezinjalo zibandakanya iziyobisi ze-malaria, i- spirin , i-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (i-NSAID), iidakamizwa ze-sulfa , i-naphthalene (i-chemicals kwezinye iimothballs) okanye iimbotyi ze-fava.
I-Pyruvate Insalela yeKinase. Xa umzimba ulahleka i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-pyruvate kinase, iiselom zegazi ezibomvu zivame ukuphuka kalula.
I-Hemolytic Anemias. Xa i-anemia yakho ye-hemolytic ifunyenwe, iiselom zegazi ezibomvu ziqhelekile kodwa ezinye izifo okanye enye into ibangela ukuba umzimba wakho ubhubhise iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwipeni okanye kwigazi.
I-immune Hemolytic Anemia. Kule meko, isimiso sakho sokuzivikela sisonakalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi .
Iintlobo ezi-3 eziphambili ze-anemia ye-immune hemolytic yile:
- I-autoemmune i-hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Le yimiqathango ye-hemolytic anemia eqhelekileyo (i-AIHA ibandakanya isahluko sazo zonke iimeko ze-anemia ye-hemolytic). Ngesizathu esingaziwa, i-AIHIA ibangela ukuba umzimba wakho umzimba wokhuseleko lomzimba wenze ama-antibodies ahlasela zakho iiseli zegazi ezibomvu. I-AIHIA ingaba yingozi kwaye ifike ngokukhawuleza.
- I-Alloimmune i-hemolytic anemia (AHA). I-AHA iyenzeka xa i-immune system ihlaselwa izicubu ezifakwe kwi-tissue, ukudluliselwa kwegazi , okanye kwabasetyhini abathile abakhulelweyo, umntwana. Ekubeni i-AHA iyakwenzeka ukuba igazi legazi lijongene negazi legazi, i-AHA inokuthi yenzeke ngexesha lokukhulelwa xa ibhinqa linalo igazi elingenayo i-Rh kunye nomntwana wakhe enegazi eli-Rh. I-Rh inxalenye yeprotheyini kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye "i-Rh-negative" kunye ne "Rh-positive" ibhekisela ekubeni igazi lakho linalo iR Rh.
- Inemia ye-hemolytic induced-drug. Xa igqirha livuselela umzimba wakho wokuzikhusela omzimba ukuhlaselwa iiseli zayo ezibomvu zegazi, unokuba ngumhlaza we-hemolytic. Iikhemikhali kumachiza (njengepenicillin) anokunamathela kwiindawo zeeseli zebomvu kwaye zidale ukuphuhliswa kwama-antibodies.
Hemolytic Anemias. Ukulimala komzimba kwiimfomvu zeesibomvu zegazi kungabangela ukutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kunokuqhelekileyo. Umonakalo ungabangelwa yiinguqu kwiimitha ezincinci zegazi, izixhobo ezithile zonyango, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa (preeclampsia), okanye i-eclampsia (imeko ebangela ukuba ixakeke kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo), isifo sengozi esichengileyo okanye isifo segazi esingaqhelekanga njenge-thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura , okubangela ukuba i-blood clots ifake kwimithambo yamancinci emzimbeni wonke. Ukongezelela, imisebenzi enokubangela iimeko ezinokubangela ukuba kubekho umonakalo weeseli zegazi kwizitho (njenge-run marathon)
I-Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH). Umzimba wakho uya kubhubhisa iiselom zegazi ezibomvu ezingaqhelekanga (ezibangelwa ukungabikho kwamaprotheni athile) ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ziqhelekile kule meko. Abantu ngabanye abane-PNH banomngcipheko okwandisiweyo woku:
- Igazi ligalela emithanjeni
- Amanqanaba aphantsi amaseli ezimhlophe kunye neeplatelets
Ezinye izizathu zeMonakalo kwiiNtsholongwane zeGomvu. Ezinye izifo, iikhemikhali kunye nezinto zingonakalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezikhokelela kwi-hemolytic anemia. Ezinye izibonelo ziquka iikhemikhali ezinobungozi, i-malaria, izifo ezithwala iikiti okanye inyoka.
Iimvavanyo zeGazi ezisetyenziselwa ukuchonga iHemolysis
Ukubona ugqirha wakho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokufumanisa i-hemolytic anemia. Ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya imbali yakho yezokwelapha kunye nentsapho ngokungezelela ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-hemolysis zi:
- Inani elibomvu leeseli zegazi (RBC), elibizwa ngokuba yi-erythrocyte count
- Uvavanyo lweHemoglobin (Hgb)
- Uvavanyo lweSerum haptoglobin
Iiprogram zokujonga iintsana njengoko zigunyazwe yiNtlanga nganye zihlala zikhangela (kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo zegazi rhoqo) kwi-anemia yesalente yesifo kunye nokulahleka kwe-G6PD kwiintsana. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kweemeko ezizuzekileyo kubalulekile ukuze abantwana bakwazi ukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo.
umthombo:
AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo. Iintlobo zeHemolytic Anemia. www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Kufike ngomhla we-9 kuMatshi 2016.