Ingqwalasela yeHemoglobin kunye noVavanyo lweNtsholongwane olutsha
Ukuva umntwanakho unemvelo engavumelekanga kwiskrini esandula kuzalwa inokuyikrakra. Thatha umoya ophefumlelweyo kwaye makhe sijonge ngokubhekisele oko kuthetha ntoni kuwe nakumntwana wakho.
Ukuhlolwa kwintsana kuye kwaphucula ngokuphawulekayo ubomi bezingane ezininzi ngokuchaza izifo ezisongela ubomi njengentsana ukwenzela ukuba unyango luqaliswe ngaphambi kweengxaki.
Oku kuphunyezwe ngokuqhubeka nokuphucula iimvavanyo zokuhlola. Ukongezelela ekufumaneni iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zonyango, ngamanye amaxesha, ezi mvavanyo zichonga abantwana njengabathwali beemeko.
Ngokucacileyo ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kwintsana kusetyenziselwa ukuchonga abantwana abanegciwane lesigulane sesifo kunye ne- thalassemia (i-alpha kunye ne-beta). Le ndawo yeskrini esandula kuzalwa ingabhalwa i-hemoglobinopathies, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hemoglobin. Ukuchonga ezi meko kuvumela ukuthunyelwa kwangaphambili kwi-hematologist kunye nokukwazi ukuqala unyango olusindisa ubomi ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iingxaki. Ukuvavanywa okwenziweyo, nangona kunjalo, akukodwa ngqo kule miqobo.
Yintoni iHemoglobin?
I-Hemoglobin yiprotheyini ehlala ngaphakathi kwiseli ebomvu yegazi. I-hemoglobin ithatha i-oksijeni kwiseli elibomvu legazi kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba. Xa kungekho okwaneleyo i-hemoglobin ekhoyo, ubizwa ngokuba ne- anemia . Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibanzi zeengxaki ze-hemoglobin.
I-Hemoglobinopathies yintlupheko ngenxa yokutshintshwa kwesakhiwo kwi-hemoglobin. Isifo sesisifo se-Sickle yi-hemoglobinopathy eqhelekileyo. Kukho ne-thalassemia, iziphazamiso ngenxa yokuveliswa kwe-hemoglobin engasebenzi. Ezi zibini eziqhelekileyo kwezi zi- alpha thalassemia kunye ne- beta thalassemia .
Sithini Isikrini Esandulwayo?
Kungekudala emva kokuzalwa, iintsana kufuneka zenze iindidi ezimbini ze-hemoglobin, i-hemoglobin F (fetal) kunye ne-hemoglobin A (abadala).
Ekuzalweni, umzimba kufuneka wenze i-hemoglobin F ngaphezu kwe-hemoglobin A. Kwikrini elitsha lutsha olungenayo i-hemoglobinopathy, umphumo uza kufunda i-FA ebonisa kuphela ezi zimbini ze-hemoglobins. Iziphumo ngaphandle kwe-FA zithathwa njengento engavamile kodwa ayithethi ukuba umntwana wakho unalo i-hemoglobinopathy. Iskrini esandul 'ukuzalwa singakwazi ukuchonga iziphathamandla zezi ngxaki, ezibizwa ngokuba yimiba yesimo.
Ziziphi iziphumo ezibonakalayo zovavanyo lweNtsana olutsha?
Kukho uluhlu olude lwezikhundla. Ezi ziqhelekileyo zibhalwe ngezantsi zihlanganiswe ngu-hemoglobin ezichaphazelekayo.
I-Hemoglobin S (i-heleog hemoglobin)
- I-FAS ibonisa umgca weflegi yesalathisi.
- I-FS ibonisa isifo se-sickle cell, i-hemoglobin SS okanye i-beta ye-beta zero thalassemia.
- I-FSA ibonisa i-beta yegale kunye ne-thalassemia, uhlobo olusisigxina lwe-sickle cell disease.
- I-FSC ibonisa uhlobo lwesifo segleyile esikwi-hemoglobin SC.
I-Hemoglobin C - iHemoglobin C ibonakala ivela eNtshona Afrika.
- I-FAC ibonisa uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin C okanye umphathiswa.
- I-FC ibonisa isifo se-hemoglobin CC okanye i-hemoglobin C beta zero thalassemia. Oku kubangela ukuba i-anemia elula ibe yintlupheko ibekezeleke.
- I-FCA ibonisa i-hemoglobin C beta kunye ne-thalassemia. Oku kunokubangela i-anemia.
I-Hemoglobin E-Hemoglobin E ibonakala kakhulu kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia
- I-FAE ibonisa i-hemoglobin E okanye umphathi.
- I-FE ibonisa i-hemoglobin EE okanye i-hemoglobin E beta zero thalassemia. I-Hemoglobin EE inobumnene kakhulu kuncinci ku-anemia. Iibomvu zegazi ezibomvu kwi-hemoglobin EE zincinci kakhulu (i-MCV ephantsi). I-Hemoglobin E-beta zero thalassemia ingahluka kakhulu kwi-anemia elinganisiweyo ukuya kwi-anemia exhomekeke kwigazi. Ngenxa yobungakanani obukhulu phakathi kwezi ngxaki ezimbini, umntwana wakho uya kubona i-hematologist ukufumanisa ukuxilongwa kokugqibela.
- I-FEA ibonisa i-hemoglobin E beta kunye ne-thalassemia. Le meko ingahluka kakhulu. Umntwana wakho uya kuthunyelwa kwi-hematologist ukuze aqhubeke nokusebenza.
Ezinye i-hemoglobin variants
- I-FAO enye ibonisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-hemoglobin. Kukho iinguqu ezingaphezu kwe-1000 i-hemoglobin kwaye bambalwa kakhulu kubangelwa nayiphi na imiba. Uninzi lwazo luyiinguqu ezincinci ezithintela umsebenzi we-hemoglobin. Kule meko, ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba ufumane umsebenzi wecandelo olongezelelweyo emva kweenyanga ezili-6 ubudala ukuba ufumane ukuba ngaba ukuhlukahluka kwe-hemoglobin kuya kuba yingxaki. Uhlobo lwe-Hemoglobin lubizwa ngokuba yindawo ababechazwe ngayo kuqala. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-hemoglobin Austin, i-hemoglobin eNew York kunye ne-hemoglobin Philly.
Thalassemia
- F ibonisa kuphela ukuba khona kwe-beta thalassemia, mhlawumbi inkulu.
- I-FABarts ibonisa ngokucacileyo umgangatho we-alpha thalassemia, urhulumente wesiphathi. Ezinye iintsana ezineendlela ze-alpha thalassemia aziyi kuchongwa kwiskrini esandula kuzalwa kwaye zifumaneke kamva ebomini.
- I-FA + ephakamileyo ibharts ibonisa ngokubanzi isifo seHemoglobin H, uhlobo lwe-alpha thalassemia.
Oku akulona uluhlu olupheleleyo njengoko kukho iziphumo ezininzi ezinokuhlolwa kokuzalwa kwesikrini. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye ixhala malunga nomphumo wakho weskrini osandulweyo, qhagamshelana nezingane zakudala zezingane.