I-héemolytic anemia ichaza iqela elikhulu leemeko ezibonakaliswe kukutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwamaseli obomvu. Isilinganiso sempilo yeseli ebomvu seentsuku ezili-120. Ekupheleni kweentsuku ezili-120, iseli elibomvu legazi lidilizwe kwaye iinxalenye zalo ziphinde zenziwe kwakhona ukuze zenze ezintsha. Xa iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zityhulwa ngokukhawuleza kunoko, kuthiwa yi-hemolysis.
I-Hemolysis ingabangela izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iifom ozozidla njengefa , njengefa ye-spherocytosis kunye ne- pyruvate kinase . Abanye kubangelwa isistim somzimba sakho sokuzivikela ngokuphula ii-cells ezibomvu, njenge-autoemmune i-hemolytic anemia okanye isifo se-hemolytic yintsana . Kwi-heemolytic anemia eyenziwa yiziyobisi, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibangelwa i-hemolysis xa ukhweliswa kwiyeza okanye i-toxin.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-anemia ye-hemolytic eyenziwa yiziyobisi zifana nezinye iindidi ze-hemolytic anemia. Ezi zimpawu ziyahluka ngokuthe ngqo ukuba i-cell cell ebomvu iphulwe phantsi ngelixa isasazeka (i-hemolysis ye-intravascular) okanye ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-vascular (ikakhulukazi isibindi kunye ne-spleen). Iimpawu zakho ziquka:
- I-jaundice, i-yellowing yolusu
- Umnyama (itiye okanye umbala we-cola) umchamo
- I-Pallor, umbala obalahle wesikhumba
- Ukukhathala, ukhathala
- Utywala
- Ukuphakama kwenhliziyo
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- I-Splenomegaly, ipeni ekhulisiweyo
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-anemia ye-hemolytic drug-induced-drug-stimulated inemia iqala njengeendlela ezininzi ze-anemia, kunye negazi elipheleleyo (CBC). I-anemia iboniswa yi-hemoglobin ephantsi kunye / okanye i-hematocrit. Kwi-hemolytic anemia, ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kukhawuleza kubangele inani elinyukayo le-reticulocyte, amangqamuzana egazi obomvu.
Olu vavanyo lubizwa ngokuba yi-retic kwaye lungaxelwa njengepesenti okanye inani le-reticulocyte count (ARC).
Ukufumanisa i-hemolytic anemias, kubalulekile kumntu (mhlawumbi i-hematologist okanye i-pathologist) ukujonga iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi phantsi kwe-microscope. Olu vavanyo lubizwa ngokuba yi-blood pipeline smear. Ngokuqhelekileyo igazi elibomvu libukeka lijikeleze, lifana nomnikelo phantsi kwe-microscope, kodwa xa iseli elibomvu legazi libhujiswa ngaphambi kokuba libe lihlulwe okanye lifakwe njengama-sphere okanye i-globe.
Amanye amayeza adala i-anemia ye-immune hemolytic efana ne-autoemmune hemolytic anemia. Ukuba unalo, uvavanyo oluthi uvavanyo lwe-antiglobulin ngqo (DAT okanye Direct Coombs) luya kuba luphawu olubonisa ukuba isistim somzimba sakho sisilwa nokutshabalalisa iiseli zakho ezibomvu ngokungafanelekanga. Ngenxa yokuba iseli elibomvu legazi likhupha i-bilirubin, i-pigment edala i-jaundice, amazinga akho e-bilirubin angaphakanyiswa. Ngaphandle koko, akukho mvavanyo ecacileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imachiza yakho yimbangela ye-anemia yakho ye-hemolytic. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa ukuba i-anemia yakho iphucula emva kokuyeka iyeza.
Izizathu
Kukho amayeza amaninzi anxulumene ne-hemolytic anemia.
Amacala athile aqhelekileyo:
- I-Cephalosporins, i-antibiotic efanayo, kuquka i-ceftriaxone
- I-penicillins, ngakumbi ipiperacillin
- I-Diclofenac, i-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
- Oxaliplatin, imithi ye-chemotherapeutic
Iimeko ezinxulumene ne-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Kulo hlobo lokuphazamiseka kwegazi, ulahleka i-enzyme (ikhemikhali) eyinxalenye yeseli elibomvu. Ukuba ufumaneke kumayeza athile afana ne-sulfa antibiotics, iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zingenza i-hemolyze ibangele i-anemia. Ukuba unako ukulahleka kwe-G6PD, kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuba yintoni imichiza / ukutya ofuna ukuyiphepha .
Izinyango Zonyango
Izinyathelo zokwelapha zichongiwe yindlela enamandla ngayo i-anemia.
Okokuqala, imithi / itekisi ebangela i-hemolytic anemia kufuneka imiswe. Ukunyelwa igazi kunokunikwa xa kuyimfuneko. Ukuba i-hemolysis inzima, ingabangela ukulimala kwentso. Ngethamsanqa, oku kudla okwethutyana kwaye kuphucula xa i-hemolysis isombulula, kodwa oku kungadinga i-dialysis ixesha elide.
ILizwi
Kungabonakala kungaqhelekanga ukuba ufunde ukuba unyango olwaluthathayo olunye uhlobo lwezonyango lubangele i-anemia. Ngethamsanqa, ukususa iyeza eliphosakeleyo liya kugcina i-hemolysis ingabi yimbi. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho ukuba yintoni imithi eyenza i-anemia ukuze ungayiphepheli ukuyisebenzisa kwixesha elizayo.
> Imithombo:
> Schrier SL kunye noBrugnara C. I-Pathogenesis ye-autoemmune i-hemolytic anemia: I-agglutinins efudumele kunye neziyobisi. Ku: UkuPhakamisa, Iposi, TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.
> Schrier SL. I-héemolytic anemia ngenxa yobisi nobisi. Ku: UkuPhakamisa, Iposi, TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.