Ukuqonda ifom ye-Anemia
Isifo se-cold agglutinin (i-CAD) yintlobo engaqhelekanga ye- hemolytic anemia-i- anemia eqhubekayo xa i-immune system ihlasela kwaye ichithe iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Isizathu esona siqhelekileyo se-AIHA sibangelwa ngumntu ofudumeleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-antibody idibanisa kwi-cell cell ebomvu (emzimbeni). Njengoko igama libonisa, i-CAD ivela ngasese kwi-autoantibody ebandayo, oku kuthetha ukuba i-antibody ifake xa i-cell cell ebomvu ibonakaliswe kumaqondo ashushu, ngokuqhelekileyo ezandleni, ezinyaweni nasempumlweni.
Ezi zinqamlezi zibangela ukuba amangqamuzana akho abomvu ahlangane kunye, ebizwa ngokuba yi-agglutination. I-CAD ivela ngokuqhelekileyo kumaqhina, ngokukodwa kwiminyaka yobudala.
Ziziphi iimpawu zeCAD?
- Ukukhathala okanye ubuthathaka
- Ukuphefumula, ngakumbi ngomsebenzi
- I-acrocyanosis: ukuguqulwa kwebomvu kweminwe, iinzwane, impumlo, okanye iindlebe. Le ntlupheko iyanyamalala xa le ndawo iyatshisa. Oku kunokunxulumana nentlungu. Akufanele kudideke kunye nesenzo sikaRaynaud .
- I-Rash: I-CAD inokubangela i-liveo reticularis, ukuphuhliswa kwe-purple, like lash. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kubizwa ngokuba lukhuni lolusu.
Yintoni eyenza iCAD?
- Idiopathic: akukho nto ibonisiwe
- Usuleleko: Izimbini ezibini eziqhelekileyo yi-mycoplasma pneumonia (isifo sokuphefumula) kunye ne-Epstein-Barr Virus (i-EBV, intsholongwane ebangela i-mononucleosis). Inokubangelwa nezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi-viral, ezifana ne-cytomegalovirus (CMV), imasisi, i-mumps, okanye i-rubella. Ezi ziganeko ze-CAD zizimeleyo kwaye zixazulula ngokukodwa kwiiveki ezintathu.
- I-lymphocytic leukemia engapheliyo
- I-Lymphoma: umhlaza we-lymph nodes
I-CAD ichongwa njani?
Ukuba i-anemia ilungile, inokuthi ifunyanwe ngesiganeko kwibala elipheleleyo legazi (CBC) eliye lafakwa kwezinye izizathu. Ukongeza kwi-anemia, i-CBC ingabonisa kwakhona i-macrocytosis, ubungakanani obukhulu beeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Iibomvu zegazi ezibomvu azikho ezinkulu, kodwa xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zihlangene ndawonye, umatshini ufunda njengenye yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwegazi le-smear ye-peripheral (i-slidedi ye-microscope yegazi) kunokukunceda ukuba i-agglutinated (ihlanganiswe ndawonye) iiseli zikhoyo. Ngokufanayo nezinye i-hemolytic anemias, inani le-reticulocyte (i-cell red immature) ephakamileyo njengoko umongo wethambo uzama ukutshintsha iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezichithekele.
Ngenxa yokuba i-CAD i-anemia ye-immune hemolytic, ukuhlolwa kwe-antiglobulin ngqo (DAT, okanye uvavanyo oluhambelana no-Coomb) luya kuba luhle, lubonise ubukho bamachiza omzimba obomvu. Kukho uvavanyo olukhethekileyo ukujonga ubukho be-agglutinins ezibandayo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwe-CAD lusekondari kwenye enye ingxaki, uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lunokuthunyelwa ukucacisa imbangela, ukuze iphathwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Ziyintoni Iingonyango Zobungozi Bama-Agglutinin?
Ukuba i-anemia imnene, akukho nonyango olufunekayo. Ukuba i-anemia yakho inzima kunye / okanye unempawu ezivela kwi-anemia (intliziyo yesantya ekhawulezayo, ukukhathala, utywala) kuya kufuneka ukuba ufune ukudluliselwa kwegazi elibomvu. Ngenxa yokuba ukumpontshelwa igazi akupheli umntu obandayo obandayo, ukumpontshelwa kufuneka kuhanjiswe ngokufudumala, ukuze i-antibody ingabandakanyeli kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
Inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yonyango lwe-CAD ikhusela ukushisa okubanda. Oku kuzwakala kulula kunokuba kubomi bokwenene. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abaneengxaki ze-CAD bahlala begqoka iihagi, iiglavu, kunye neesokisi kwimeko yezulu efudumeleyo, njengoko unokuba ubonakaliswe kumagumbi abanda okanye kwindawo. Ukongeza kwiingubo ezifudumeleyo, ukusela utywala obubandayo okanye ukuxuba umzimba kumanzi abandayo kufuneka kugwenywe.
I-Rituximab i-intravenous (IV) amayeza anceda ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezivelisa i-antibodies malunga neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-B. Ithemba kukuba xa i-B-cell yakho ivuselela, abayi kuphinda benze i-antibody.
Oku kusetyenziswa kwizigulane ezinezifo ezinzima.
Amachiza afana ne-steroids kunye ne-immunoglobulin (IVIG), esetyenziselwa ezinye iingxaki zegazi ezikhuselweyo nge-immune zingasebenzi kakuhle kwiCAD. I-Splenectomy (ukususwa ngokugqithisileyo kwepenethi) inokuba yinkqubo enempilo yokwenza i-hemolytic anemia yokufudumala komzimba, kodwa kwi-CAD uninzi lwesalathisi segazi elibomvu livela kwisibindi, okwenza kube nzima.