I-RBC Iimilinganiselo zinceda ukuphawula izizathu ze-anemia nezinye izifo
Ukuba ukhangele i-cell cell yakho yebomvu kwi-CBC, unokubona inani elithile leenkalo zokuqala ezifakiwe kunye nenani elipheleleyo. Izibheno zebomvu zegazi, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-MCHC, i-MCV, MCH, ne-RDW zinika ulwazi olongezelelekileyo malunga neeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi kwaye zinokukunceda ekuqaliseni imbangela ye-anemia nezinye iimeko zonyango.
Masiqwalasele ulwazi oluqulethwe kwi-akhawunti yakho epheleleyo yegazi ( CBC ), kubandakanywa nombolo yakho yesibalo segazi obomvu, uze uxubushe intsingiselo kunye nokubaluleka kwezi zikhokelo.
I-Complete Your Blood Count (CBC)
Inani elipheleleyo legazi (iCBC) luvavanyo lwegazi oluyalelwe oogqirha ukuze bakwazi ukuhlaziya umgangatho kunye nomgangatho weeseli zegazi emzimbeni wakho. La maseli egazi aquka:
- Iimhlophe zegazi ezimhlophe (i-leukocytes) ezikunceda ukulwa nosuleleko
- Iilom zegazi ezibomvu (i-erythrocytes) ezihambisa i-oxygen kuwo wonke umzimba
- Iiplatelet (thrombocytes) ezenza igazi elimhlophe
I-Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
Inani elibomvu lamaseli egazi (RBC) linani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezitholakala egazini lakho. Inani eliqhelekileyo leRBC lixhomekeke kwiminyaka yobudala kunye nesini:
- Kubafazi, 4.2 - 5.4 yezigidi / mcL
- Kubantu, 4.7 - 6.1 yezigidi / mcL
- Kubantwana 4.1 - 5.5 yezigidi / mcL
Inani elisezantsi elibomvu leeseli legazi libhekiswa njenge- anemia . Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezahlukileyo ze-anemia, apho inkunkuma yensimbi yodwa. Izihlomelo zeeseli zegazi ezibomvu zinceda kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni ezi zizathu.
Inani elibomvu lamaseli egazi libizwa ngokuthi i-erythrocytosis okanye i- polycythemia .
Izizathu zingabandakanya ukungcola kwamanzi (apho inqanaba alilona liphezulu, kodwa libonakala ngaloo ndlela ngenxa yokuvutha komthamo ongaphantsi kwegazi), isidingo esikhulu sokwenza i-oksijini ngamandla egazi, njengokuhlala kwindawo ephakamileyo, i-COPD okanye ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, kunye nokuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu kwintolongo yethambo ngenxa yeemeko ezifana ne-polycythemia vera.
Ngethuba ukhangele i-RBC count ingakuxelela ukuba inani lakho leebomvu zegazi liphantsi, eliqhelekileyo, okanye eliphakamileyo, alikuxeleli ukuba kutheni inani aliqhelekanga. Ngenxa yoko imfuno yokuphonononga ngokubanzi la maseli. Nangona inani le-RBC liqhelekile, ukujonga iindidi zeRBC ngamanye amaxesha kunokunika iingqinisiso ezibalulekileyo ekuhloleni imeko zezokwelapha.
IiNkcazo zeBomvu ze-Red (RBC)
Ngokumalunga ne-RBC count, ama-indices e-RBC anika ulwazi malunga nobukhulu kunye nomgangatho weeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga imbangela kunye nobunzima be-anemia kunye nokubonelela ngezinto ezibalulekileyo malunga nemeko yezempilo onokuyenza.
Ii-indices ze-RBC ziqulethwe ngamacandelo amane ahlukeneyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-corpuscular corpuscular concentration (MCHC), umthamo we-corpuscular volume (MCV), i-hemoglobin ye-corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) kunye nobubanzi obuninzi bokusabalalisa i-cell (RDW).
Ukubhekiselele kwi-Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
Ingqwalasela ye-hemoglobin ye-cormuscular (MCHC) yinkxalabo ye- hemoglobin yamaseli obomvu.
I-Hemoglobin yiprotheni ethwala isinyithi kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisebenza ngayo ukuqhuba i-oksijeni. Kwakhona isici esinika iiselom zegazi ezimnyama umbala wazo. Naliphi na enye indlela ekugxininiswaneni ingabangela ukuba iiseli zivele zingaphezulu okanye zibe zibomvu.
I-MCHC ikuxelela ngokuthe ukuba iiselomzi zegazi ezibomvu zininzi okanye ngaphantsi kwe-hemoglobin kunezinto eza kulindeleke. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-MCHC luphakathi kwama-33.4 no-35.5 grams nganye kwi-deciliter kubantu abadala. Nayiphi na ixabiso ngaphandle kwereyithi yokubhekisa ichazwa ngale ndlela:
I-MCHC ephakamileyo: Xa i-MCHC iphakamileyo, iiseli ezibomvu zibhekiselwe kuye njenge- hyperchromic . Izizathu ezinokwenzeka ze-MCHC ephezulu (engavamile) ziquka:
- I- autoemmune i-hemolytic anemia , imeko apho izigulana zomzimba zihlasela iiseli zegazi ezibomvu
- I-Hereditary spherocytosis, imeko yezofuzo ezibonakaliswe yi-anemia kunye ne-gallstones
I-MCHC ephantsi: Xa i-MCHC iphantsi, iiseli zibizwa ngokuba yi- hypochromic . Izizathu ezinokwenzeka ziquka:
- Ukunqongophala kwe-Iron anemia . Naliphi inani lemiqathango linokubangela ukuba i-anemia ye-iron anemia, kuquka ukukhulelwa, ukulahleka kwegazi, ukungena kwintsimbi embi emzimbeni (kubangelwa umzekelo, kunye nesifo seCeliac okanye isifo sikaCrohn), kunye nesondlo esingenasondlo sesinyithi.
Ingaba u-hyperchromic okanye u-hypochromic, unyango lujolise ngokukodwa ekuphatheni imeko. Ukuncedisa i-Iron kunye nokutya okwandisiweyo kwintsimbi kunokukunceda ukuphathwa kwe-anemia yokunqongophala kwesinyithi, kodwa isongezelelo sesinyithi asikhuthazelwanga kubantu abangenalo isinyithi esinyithi (insimbi engaphezulu ingagcinwa kwisibindi kunye nentliziyo). Ukunyelwa igazi kungasetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu.
Umqulu weCorpuscular Volume (MCV)
Kuthetha umthamo we-corpuscular (MCV) amanyathelo omlinganiselo wesibalo segazi obomvu, esithetha ubungakanani boqobo beeseli ngokwabo.
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-MCV luphakathi kwama-80 kunye nama-96 ase-femtoliters nganye.
I-MCV ephantsi: I-MCV ephantsi ibonisa ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zincinci, okanye i- microcytic . Izizathu ezinokwenzeka ziquka:
- Utyhefu
- I-Thalassemia (i- thalassemias izifo eziphathekayo eziphathekayo ezibonakaliswa yi-hemoglobin engavamile)
- Ukuphazamiseka kwesifo sesifo esingapheliyo
- Irheumatoid arthritis
- I-cell arteritis enkulu .
I-MCV ephezulu: I-MCV ephakamileyo ibonisa ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zikhulu kunezona ziqhelekileyo, okanye i- macrocytic . Izizathu ze-anemia macrocytic ziquka:
- Ubunzima be-Vitamin B12
- Ukusilela kwintloko (zombini i-vitamin B12 yokuntuleka kunye nokungaphumeleli komntu kuthiwa yi-megaloblastic anemia, ngenxa ye-RBCs macrocytic)
- Isifo sesibindi
- Utywala
- Hypothyroidism
- Amachiza anjengezobisi zamakhemikhali kunye nemithi yokwelapha ye-HIV
I-MCV eqhelekileyo: Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umntu unokufumana i-anemia kwaye abe ne-MCV evamile. Oku kuthiwa yi-anemia ye- normocytic . Izizathu zingabandakanya:
- Ukulahleka kwegazi ngokukhawuleza
- Ukuhluleka kweengso
- Hemolytic anemia
- Ukunqongophala kwezondlo
I-Hemoglobin ye-Corpuscular (MCH)
Kuthetha i-hemoglobin ye-corpuscular (MCH) iyinani eliqhelekileyo le-hemoglobin ngeselom egazi ebomvu kwisampuli yegazi. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-MCH luphakathi kwama-27.5 no-33.2 iiporogramu nganye ngeseli.
Ixabiso le-MCH lihambelana ngqo nexabiso le-MCV, kwaye abanye oogqirha bafumanisa ukuba uvavanyo luyahluleka. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba ubungakanani beeseli ezibomvu zegazi zikhulu (njengoko zilinganiselwe yi-MCV), inani le-hemoglobin ngamaseli egazi abomvu liya kuba phezulu (njengoko lilinganiselwe yi-MCH), nangona kunjalo.
Nangona i-MCH ingasetyenziselwa yodwa ukuba iqinisekise ukuba i-anemia iyingozi, i-hypo-, okanye i-normocytic, i-MCV kufuneka icatshangwe kunye ne-MCH ekubeni i-cell cell ichaphazela ngqo umxholo we-hemoglobin nganye yeseli.
Ububanzi beeSiza eziBomvu (RDW)
Ububanzi bee-cell distribution width (RDW) luvavanyo olubonisa ukuhlukahluka ngobukhulu beeseli ezibomvu zegazi (kwaye lilinganiselwe ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwe-MCV). I-RDW eqhelekileyo yayiza kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zifana nobukhulu obufanayo, kanti i-RDW ephezulu ithetha ukuba kukho ukuhlukahluka okwenziwe kubukhulu beeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
Abanye oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba i-RDW yenye yezona nkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zeseli ebomvu ekwenzeni izifo. Ngaphandle kwendima yayo ekuncedeni ukuxilonga i-anemia, i-RDW ephakamileyo inokuqikelela ukuba ubukho be-coronary disease isifo kubantu abanegazi eliphezulu. Ikwabonelela ngeenkcukacha zokunqongophala kokuqala kokutya okunokutya okungenakuqatshelwa kunye nezinye iimvavanyo. Ekugqibeleni, luvavanyo oluhle lokugqiba ukuba ngaba kufunyanwe ukuvavanya okufunekayo, njenge-blood smear ye-peripheral.
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-RDW li-10.2 ukuya kwi-14.5 ekhulwini.
I-RDW inceda kakhulu xa kuhlolwa kunye ne-MCV. Umzekelo wezizathu ezithile zibandakanya:
I-RDW ephezulu kunye ne-MCV ephantsi (microcytic):
- Ukunqongophala kwe-Iron anemia
- Isifo se-anemia yesifo
I-RDW ephezulu kunye ne-MCV evamile (normocytic):
- Ukunqongophala kwe-Iron anemia
- I-anemias ehlangeneyo
- Ukuphazamiseka kwemizimba (iintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko)
- I-Hemoglobin variants
I-RDW ephezulu kunye ne-MCV ephezulu (macrocytic):
- Ubunzima be-Vitamin B12
- Ukungabi nakubantu
- Isifo se-cold agglutinin
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- I-immune hemolytic anemia
I-RDW eqhelekileyo kunye ne-MCV ephezulu :
- Isifo sesibindi (esingapheliyo)
- I-anemia ye-aplastiki
- Ulwalamano olutywala
I-RDW ne-MCV ephantsi :
- Ukuphazamiseka kwesifo sesifo esingapheliyo
- Ezinye iintlobo ze-thalassemia
- Ezinye ii-hemoglobins ezingavamile
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le mizekelo embalwa nje, kwaye kukho amathuba amaninzi.
ILizwi
I-CBC iyimvavanyo egazini yegazi kwaye ibandakanya inani elibomvu lamaseli egazi ngaphezu kweseli yamhlophe yegazi kunye neeplatelet. Inani elibomvu leeseli legazi lingaxelela oogqirha malunga nenani legazi elibomvu onalo kodwa elincinci ngesizathu saluphi na okungaqhelekanga.
Ii-indices ze-RBC, ngokukhangela iimpawu zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, zinceda ekungabikho kuphela ukucinga isizathu esibangela isifo se-anemia kodwa ekuhloliseni imeko zezokwelapha nangona i-red cells count count.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezi ngqungquthela kubonelela ngokubaluleka kokunciphisa i-anemia. Imizekelo enikezwe ngasentla yimbalwa yezizathu ezinokubakho, kwaye ukugqiba isizathu esithile sokukhulelwa kwegazi kunzima kunzima ngamanye amaxesha. Ezi zivavanyo zegazi zisetyenziswe kakuhle ngokubambisana nomlando oqinileyo, ukuhlolwa okusemgangathweni, kunye naziphi na iimvavanyo zokucinga eziboniswayo.
Ukufunda malunga nokuhlolwa kwegazi kunokukunceda ukuba ubuze imibuzo yakho ugqirha ukuze uqonde kakuhle okanye ukuxilongwa ayenzile, okanye uvavanyo olongezelelayo. Ukwandisa, abantu bayabizelwa ukuba babe negalelo elisebenzayo kwiinkonzo zabo zezempilo, kwaye bafunde indlela yokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nempilo yabo. Ukuthatha ixesha lokufunda malunga nexabiso leebhanti zakho kunokukunceda ukuba unikwe amandla okwenza izigqibo ezilungele wena wedwa.
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> Nagao, T., kunye noMnu Hirokawa. Ukuxilongwa kunye noPiliso lwe-Macrocytic Anemia kubantu abadala. I-Journal yeGenerali kunye neNyango yeMpilo . 2017. 18 (5): 200-204.
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