Ingqwalasela yeAnemia
I-anemia ichazwa njengenombolo engaphantsi kwesiqhelo seeseli ezibomvu zamaseli (RBCs) okanye i-hemoglobin, iprotheni equlethe yona ehambisa i-oksijeni kwiimfucu zakho. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu babhekisela kwi-anemia ngokuthi "igazi eliphantsi."
Inkcazo ye-anemia ishintsho ebomini ngenxa yokuba inani eliqhelekileyo le-RBC okanye i-hemoglobin litshintsha njengoko sikhulile. Iintsana ziqala nge-hemoglobin ephezulu / i-RBC, zibalwa ukuba kuncitshiswe kancinci kunyaka wokuqala wobomi.
I-hémoglobin ikhula kancane ngaphaya kwexesha de kube ngumva xa ifikelela kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zabantu abadala. Ngenxa yeenguqu eziqhelekileyo kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo kubantwana, kulungele ukubonana nodokotela wengane yakho ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba lakhe elifanelekileyo kunye nokuba yintoni eyayiza kuba yi-anemia.
Kubantu abadala, izigaba eziqhelekileyo ze-hemoglobin ukusuka kwi-14 ukuya kwi-17.4 g / dL kumadoda kunye no-12.3 ukuya kwi-15.3 g / dL kwabasetyhini. Inani le-RBC kumadoda lisuka kwi-4.5 ukuya ku-5.9 yezigidi zeeseli nganye nge-microliters kunye ne-4.1 ukuya kuma-5.1million amaseli ngamnye nge-microliters kwabasetyhini.
Amanqanaba angaphantsi kwezi zigaba aya kuthathwa njenge-anemia. I-anemia nayo ingachazwa nge-hematocrit, ebonisa ipesenteji zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezifaniswa namanye amaseli egazini.
Iingxaki ze-Anemia
Zizinto ezintathu ezibangela i-anemia:
1) Ukuphuculwa kwemveliso yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezinokuthi ngenxa yoku:
- Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini okanye amaminerali afunekayo ukwenza amangqombela egazi abomvu / i-hemoglobin. Ezona ziqhelekileyo zinyithi , i-folate, kunye ne-vitamin B12.
- Izifo zesifo esingapheliyo: Xa iintso zingasebenzi kakuhle, azikwazi ukuvelisa ihomoni ebizwa ngokuthi i-erythropoietin, efunekayo ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa kweefom yegazi.
- I-leukemia: Inani elikhulu lamaseli enomkhuhlane emnzini wethambo linganciphisa amandla alo okwenza iiselom zegazi ezimnyama (kunye neeseli zegazi ezimhlophe okanye amaplatelet).
- I-Chemotherapy: I-Chemotherapy iyabulala ngokukhawuleza iiseli ezinjengeeseli zomhlaza, kodwa inonakalisa iiseli ezinamaqebunga emnzini wethambo okwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu (kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets), kubangela ukuba i-anemia ide ifikelele iiseli ze-stem.
- Ukungaphumeleli komongo we-Bone: Ukuphazamiseka okuchaphazela ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi kwi-bone yomnatha kungabangela i-anemia. Ezi ziquka i- aplastic anemia kunye ne- Diamond Blackfan isemia . Akuqhelekanga ukuba ezi ngxaki zibangele ukuveliswa kwemveliso yamaseli amhlophe kunye neeplatelet.
- Isifo esingapheliyo: Abantu abanokugula okungapheliyo (i-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis, njl.) Okanye izifo (isifo sofuba, i-HIV) inokuphuhlisa i-anemia. Le nzala iyenzeka ngenxa yokuba umzimba awukwazi ukufumana isinyithi okanye ukusebenzisa i-iron egcinwe emzimbeni kakuhle.
2) Ukulahleka kwegazi, okungenzeka ngenxa yoku:
- Izihlandlo ezinzima (i- menorrhagia )
- Ukuhluthwa kwimizila yesisu esisondlo kwizinto ezinjengomdlavuza wekolon, izilonda zesisu / isisu esiswini, okanye isifo sesisu somzimba
3) Ukutshatyalaliswa okwandisiweyo kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi (hemolysis), enokuthi ngenxa yoku:
- I-anemias ezizuzwayo eziguqula isakhiwo se-hemoglobin okanye i-cell cell ebomvu, njengesifo se- sickle cell , i- thalassemia , okanye i- spherocytosis yefa .
- I-autoemmune i-hemolytic anemia , imeko apho isistim somzimba sakho sokuzivikela sisiphazamiseka kwaye sihlasela ngokungafanelekanga (kwaye siyitshabalalise) iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi.
Iimpawu zeAemia
Ukuba i-anemia ilula, awukwazi ukufumana nayiphina impawu. Njengoko i-anemia iyadlula, iimpawu ziyakubonakala / zenzeke ngakumbi. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukukhathala okanye ukhathala
- Ubuthathaka
- Ubonakala obumhlophe kwesikhumba
- Utywala okanye ukukhanya
- Intliziyo yentliziyo esheshayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-tachycardia
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- I-jaundice (ezinye iindidi ze-anemia zibangele ukuphuka kwebala)
Ukuchonga i-anemia
I-anemia ekuqaleni ixilongwa ngokuba negalelo legazi elipheleleyo ( CBC ) , ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha lo vavanyo luqhutywa ngenxa yokuba unempawu ze-anemia; maxa wambi i-anemia ibonakaliswe ngenye indlela xa iCBC ikhutshwe kwiilabhu zonyaka.
Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uyakukhangela ukwehla kwe-hematocrit okanye i-hemoglobin (okanye ngaphantsi kwesibalo, i-red cells count count).
Emva kokufumanisa ukuba unemia, ugqirha wakho uya kusebenza ekuqaliseni imbangela yalo. Inqaku lokuqala lokubangela ukuba i-anemia yakho ingabonakaliswa yi-CBC ngokunjalo, njengoko ichaza ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezifana nobukhulu (ithetha i-volume corpuscular volume) i-hemoglobin kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ithetha ingcamango ye-hemoglobin corpuscular).
Ubukhulu beeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, ngokukodwa, lunokunika ulwazi olunzulu malunga nesibangeleko se-anemia. Ukuba ngaba kuthathwa njengincinci (i-microcytic), kukho ithuba elihle lokuba ukungabikho kwesinyithi kukusola. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi eziqhelekileyo (i-normocytic) zibonakalisa i-anemia yokuvuvukala. Iimpawu zegazi ezimnyama ezimnyama (macrocytic) zinokubambisana nokusilela kwi-folate okanye i-vitamin B12.
Ezinye iimvavanyo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zifakwe ekusebenzeni kwangaphambili kwe-anemia zibala kunye ne- blood smear .
-
Iimpawu zoLwazi oluNinzi lweNyzyme ehlabathini lonke
-
Indlela iColon Can Can Impact yeHemoglobin yeGazi Yakho
I-Reticulocytes "yintsana" yamaseli egazi abomvu asanda kukhutshwa kwintolongo yethambo. Xa une-anemia, umongo wethambo kufuneka ukwandise umveliso we-reticulocyte. I-blood smear ivumela ugqirha ukuba abuke kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi phantsi kwe-microscope. I-blood smear inikeza ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nenani, ubungakanani, kunye nokuma kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezinokuthi zibonise isizathu esibangela isifo semvelo.
Umnyamekeli wakho oyintloko unokukuthumela i- hematologist , ugqirha ogxininisekile kwiimbandezelo zegazi, ukufumanisa imbangela yokukhulelwa kwegazi. Uyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ophezulu wegazi ukuqinisekisa isizathu sokukhulelwa kwegazi.
Unyango lwe-anemia
Njengazo zizathu ze-anemia, kukho unyango oluninzi kulo. Unyango oluyifunayo luxhomekeke kwisibalo sakho segazi. Unyango luquka:
- Izibonelelo ezifana nesinyithi, i-folate, okanye i-vitamin B12
- Ukunyelwa igazi
- I-Chemotherapy (ukuba i-anemia ibangelwa ngumhlaza)
- I-Splenectomy (ukususwa kokutsalwa kwetyen) kwezinye iindidi ze-hemolytic anemia
- Izilwanyana ze-Erythropoietin (kubantu abane-anemia ezibangelwa zizifo zengqondo)
- I-Steroids (ukwenzela i-hemolytic anemia)
Ezinye iifom ye-anemia ayinayo nayiphi na ingonyango kwaye inokuphila. Ukuba i-anemia ibangelwa zizifo ezingapheliyo, ukunyanga imeko enokuthi ikwazi ukuphucula i-anemia yakho.
ILizwi
Emva kokufunda unempilo, kuyimvelo ukubuza: Yintoni eyabangela ukuba? Yintoni endiyenzayo malunga nayo? Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezinye i-anemias kulula ukuyixilonga nokunyanga, kwaye abanye bangathatha ixesha elide. Ungayihoyi indlela ovakalelwa ngayo okanye uziyekele kwiimpawu zakho. Vula kwaye uthembeke kunye nodokotela wakho kwaye sebenze kunye ukuze uzive ungcono.
> Imithombo:
> Iimpawu zePW. Indlela eya ku-Anemia kwi-Adult and Child. Ku: Hoffman R, uBenz Jr. EJ, uSilberstein LE, Heslop HE, Weitz JI kunye no-Anatasi J eds. I-Hematology: Imigaqo-siseko kunye nokuSebenza . 6 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2013.
> I-Sandoval C. Indlela eya kumntwana ene-anemia. Ku: U-UpToDate, i-Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, i-Waltham, i-MA, iSchrier SL. Indlela yokufikelela kwisigulane somntu omdala ene-anemia. Ku: U-UpToDate, i-Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, i-Waltham, MA.