Isifo se-Sickle-cell (SCD) yindlela ezuze ilifa le- anemia apho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi aguquka ukusuka kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo (elifana ne-donut) ukuma kwimilo emide ebonakalayo njengengxowa okanye ibhanana. La maseli egazi abomvu agugayo anenkinga yokugeleza emifuleni yegazi kwaye unokubamba. Umzimba uyazibona ezi selibomvu zeeseli ezingaqhelekanga kwaye ziwabhubhisa ngokukhawuleza kunexesha eliqhelekileyo elibangelwa i-anemia.
Unjani umntu onokufumana i-SCD?
Isifo sesifo se-Sickle sizuze ilifa, ngoko umntu uzalelwe nayo. Ukuze umntu azuze i-SCD ifa, bobabili abazali kufuneka babe nenqaku lokuguqula. Ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo ze-SCD, umzali omnye unomkhonto kunye nomnye umzali une-hemoglobin C okanye impawu ze-beta thalassemia. Xa bobabini abazali bephethe umtya (okanye omnye umgangatho), bane-1 kwithuba eli-4 lokuba nomntwana one-SCD. Lo mngcipheko uvela rhoqo xa ukhulelwa.
Iintlobo zeSickle-Cell Cell
Ifomu eqhelekileyo yesifo segulane-iseli ibizwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin SS. Ezinye iindidi eziphambili: i-hemoglobin SC, i-sickle beta i-thalassemia, ne-beta yegale kunye ne-thalassemia. I-Hemoglobin SS kunye ne-beta ye-beta zero thalassemia ziyizona zifo ezigqithiseleyo zesifo segulane kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi-sickle cell anemia. Isifo se-Hemoglobin SC sijongwa njengesiqhelo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo, i-sickle beta kunye ne-thalassemia yindlela elula kakhulu yesifo segulane.
Abantu Baxilongwa Njani Ne-Sickle-Izifo Zesifo?
EUnited States, zonke iintsana zivavanywa kwi-SCD kungekudala emva kokuzalwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuhlola yokuzalwa . Ukuba iziphumo zihambelana ne-SCD, isazi sesidumbu sezingane okanye isikhungo seelayile esendaweni siyaziswa malunga neziphumo ukwenzela ukuba isigulane sibonakale kwikliniki yeseli yegale.
Kwamazwe angenzi ukuhlolwa kokuzalwa kokuzalwa, abantu baninzi bafumana i-SCD njengabantwana xa beqala ukufumana iimpawu.
Iimpawu zeSDD
Ngenxa yokuba i-SCD yinkinga yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi umzimba wonke unokuchaphazeleka.
Ubuhlungu: Xa iiseli ezibomvu ezigulayo zigalelwe kwisitya segazi, igazi alikwazi ukuwela kummandla wethambo. Oku kubangela ukungabikho kwe-oksijini kule ndawo kunye nentlungu.
Izifo : Ngenxa yokuba ipenethi (ilungu kumasosha omzimba) ayisebenzi kakuhle, abantu abanesifo se-sickle-cell basengozini enkulu yokusuleleka kwiibhaktheriya ezinzulu. Yingakho abantwana abancinci besifo se-sickle cell bathabatha ipenicillin kabini imihla ngemihla.
Isisu : Ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibanjelwe kwisitya segazi kwingqondo, inxalenye yengqondo ayifumani i-oksijeni edala isifo. Oku kungaboniswa njenge-droop ebusweni, ubuthathaka beengalo okanye imilenze, okanye ubunzima beentetho. Izibetho zenzeke kubantwana abanesifo segulane-eselulanayo kunye nabadala abane-stroke, oku kuyingozi yonyango.
Ukukhathala (okanye ukukhathala): Ngenxa yokuba abantu abanesifo se-sickle-cell, banokuthi banciphise amandla okanye ukhathala.
Iigalstones : Xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-hemolysis) kwisifo segulane-cell, zikhulula i-bilirubin. Oku kwakhiwa kwe-bilirubin kunokukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwama-gallstones.
Ukuzikhethela : Ukuba iiseli zegulane zibophekile kwi-penis, oku kubangela ukuhlanjululwa okungafunekiyo okubizwa ngokuba yi-priapism.
Unyango lwe-SCD
I-Penicillin : Ngomibini ngosuku, i-penicillin iqalwa kungekudala emva kokuxilongwa (ngokuqhelekileyo phambi kweenyanga ezi-2 ubudala). Ukuthatha i-penicillin kabini imihla ngemihla kude kube neminyaka eyi-5 ibonakaliswe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungenwa kwebhaktheriya.
Ukugonywa : Ii-immunizations zinokunciphisa ingozi yeentsholongwane ezinobungozi.
Ukuxilongwa kwegazi : Ukusetyenziswa kwegazi kungasetyenziselwa ukunyanga iingxaki ezithile zesifo segulane-isifo njengesifo esinamandla okanye isifo esifubeni se-chest syndrome. Kwakhona, izigulane ezinezifo zesigulane esine-stroke okanye ezisengozini enkulu yokufumana isitofu zifumana ukunyelwa igazi kwishedyuli yenyanga ukukhusela iingxaki ezingaphezulu.
I-Hydroxyurea : I-Hydroxyurea yodwa imithi evunyiweyo ye-FDA yokuphatha isifo se-sickle-cell. I-Hydroxyurea iye yaboniswa ukunciphisa i-anemia kunye neengxaki zesifo segulane-iseli njengeentlungu kunye nesifo se-chest syndrome.
Umtsalane wokuguqulwa komnyo : I- Bone marrow transplantation yodwa yonyango yesifo segulane. Impumelelo engcono kule nyango ifika xa umzalwana ohambelana naye unako ukunikela ngeeseli ezinzima.