Indlela yokugonywa kweMigudu yokuPhatha kwiNyango yeSille Cell Disease

Ukuhlaziywa kwamaVilisi kunye neSifo seSille Cell

Ukugonywa mhlawumbi akunjalo oko ucinga ngako xa ucinga ngonyango. Mhlawumbi into enxulumana ngayo neentsana ezincinci ezisemngciphekweni. Kukho imeko ezininzi zonyango apho ukugonywa ngexesha elifanelekileyo liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokunyamekela. Abantu abanezifo zesifo segulane banomngcipheko ophezulu wokusuleleka kunye nokugonywa yingxenye ebalulekileyo yokunakekelwa kweseli epheleleyo yegalele.

Kutheni Abantu Abantu Balwelwe Izifo Zesifo Esemngciphekweni?

Abantu abanesifo sesitelesi sesangqa baqala ukulimala komzimba kunyaka wokuqala wobomi. Elinye lezitho zokuqala ezichaphazelekayo yipen. Iphayitha yilungu elincinane kwicala lesobunxele besisu esisingaphantsi kwe-ribcage. I-spleen ihlunga igazi kwaye isusa iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zakudala kunye ezilimele.

I-spleen iyindawo ebalulekileyo yamasosha omzimba. Isebenza iindima ezibalulekileyo kwi-immune system: ukucoca amabhaktheriya (ingakumbi iibhaktheriya ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bacterial encapsulated) kunye nokuvelisa i-lymphocytes, iseli legazi elimhlophe elinceda ukwenza izifo zengculaza ukuba zitshathwe okanye ziphendule ukugonywa.

Iibomvu zegazi ezibomvu kufuneka zifake kwiindawo ezithile ezincinci kwipeni. Xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zigulisa ngepeni, zonakalisa ipeni. Lo monakalo uqhubeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye kubantu abanesifo esesigxina sesigulo sesifo, umsebenzi wepleen ulahlekile ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-5.

Olu lahleko lwe-splenic umsebenzi lwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokusuleleka.

Yiyiphi Ibhakteria Efanelekileyo Abantu Abagulayo Izifo Zaselifini Zixhalabele?

1. I-Streptococcus pneumoniae : Le bhaktiriya yimbangela eqhelekileyo ye-pneumonia kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Ukongeza, kunokubangela ukuba i- meningitis (ukusuleleka kwimbali yengqondo), i-bacterium (ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yegazi) okanye i- sepsis (ukusuleleka kwegazi okubangela ukuphendulela okukhulu).

1. I-Neisseria meningitidis : Le bhaktiriya yimbangela enye ye-bacteria meningitis kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Ingabangela nokuba i-bacterium okanye i-sepsis.
2. I-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b : Ngaphambi kokugonywa kwesiganeko, le bhaktheriya yayisisona sihlandlo esibangela ukuba i-meningitis inabantwana. Akufanele idideke nentsholongwane yomkhuhlane.
3. Umkhuhlane : Intsholongwane yintsholongwane ebangela izifo zokuphefumula. Abantu abaneesifo segulane esinegulane esenza isifo sengculaza banokuthi bangeniswe esibhedlele. Ukongezelela, ukusuleleka komkhuhlane kungabangela iingxaki zemiphunga njenge-acute syndrome.

Ugonyo lomntu ogulayo ngengxaki yesifo

1. Ukugonywa kwepneumococcal. Ezi zitofu zikhusela ukutheleleka kwe-Streptococcus pneumonia. Uchungechunge lokuqala lunikezelwa kuzo zonke iintsana (2, 4, 6, kunye neenyanga ezili-12-15 ubudala). Kubizwa ngokuba yi-Prevnar 13 okanye i-PCV13. Abantwana abanesifo sesigulane segulane kufuneka bafumane iPneumovax (okanye i-PPSV23) kwiminyaka emi-2 ubudala kunye neyesibini kwimizuzu emihlanu kamva.
2. Ukugonywa kwama-Meningococcal. Bonke abantwana baya kugonywa ku- Neisseria meningitidis kodwa abantwana abanegciwane lesigulane sesigulane bafumana ezi zigonyo ngaphambili. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokufumana ukugonywa: njengenxalenye yesitofu sokugonywa kwabantwana (amanani amane kwi-2, 4, 6, kunye ne-12 -15 inyanga yobudala), okanye emva kweenyanga ezi-7 ubudala (amanani amabini). Esi sitofu sibizwa ngokuthi iMenveo okanye iMenactra (MCV4). Ukugonywa kufuna i-booster shots kulo lonke ubomi. Ngo-2016, ukugonywa kwi-type ye-meningococcus ye-B kwongezwa kwiingcebiso kwaye kunokuba kunikezwe uchungechunge lwezinto ezimbini okanye ezintathu ukusuka ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-10.

1. Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b. Ukugonywa kweHaemophilus yinxalenye yokugonywa rhoqo kwonyaka wokuqala wokuphila (amanani amane). Ukugonywa kuthiwa yi-Hib kwaye kunokunikwa kunye nokunye ukugonywa.
2. Influenza. Ukugonywa ngumkhuhlane wonyaka kunconywa kubantu abanegciwane lesifo segulane. Iigciwane le-Influenza lilawulwa unyaka ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-6 ubudala. Ngethuba lokuqala umntu oneminyaka engaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-8 ufumana isitofu sokugonywa kwe-influenza, kufuneka amanani amabini (okungenani iiveki ezine ngaphandle). Emva koko, kufuneka umthamo omnye kuphela ngonyaka. Isitofu sokugonywa sitshintshwa ngonyaka kwaye kufuneka sinikezwe ngonyaka. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ixesha le-influenza liqhuba ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kuMatshi. Ukuba ufumana isitofu sokugonywa kwe-influenza ngoJanuwari, uya kufuna enye emva ko-Oktobha ukufihla ixesha elitsha lomkhuhlane.

Ezi zintsholongwane zivalo, kodwa ngelitye, la mayeza ayencipha kakhulu. Ukongezelela, i-penicillin inikwe abantwana abanegciwane lesifo segulane ukusuka ekuzalweni ukuya kwi-5 ubudala ukukhusela iintsholongwane ze-bacteria. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye uxhalaba malunga nale migonyo, nceda uxoxe nabo nodokotela wakho.

> Imithombo:

> IiShedyuli zokugonywa kwe-CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html

> Intsimi JJ, Vichinsky EP kunye noDeBaun MR. Ubume benkcazo yolawulo kunye nokuchazwa kwesifo sesifo segciwane. Ku: U-UpToDate, i-Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, i-Waltham, WA. (Kufumaneka ngo-Agasti 19, 2016.)