Umkhuhlane unesifo esithintekayo kunye nesiganeko esibangelwa yintsholongwane yegciwane. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane zentsholongwane: i-influenza A, B, kunye neC-yonke into ebangela ukugula kubantu.
Abantu banokufumana umkhuhlane naluphi na ixesha lonyaka, kodwa e-United States kunye neninzi yeNyakatho yeNtlabathi, ixesha lomkhuhlane liye lisala ngokukhawuleza ukusa kusekuseni kwentwasahlobo. Umsebenzi we-Flu uqhubela phambili phakathi kukaDisemba noMatshi.
Abantu abaneminyaka yonke bafumana umkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana, asebekhulile kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba obuthathaka kakhulu banokukhusela kwaye banokujamelana neengxaki ezinzulu.
Izizathu zeFlu
Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sengculazi, kwaye zihlala ziguqule. Yingakho abantu beqhubeka behla nomkhuhlane kunyaka emva konyaka. Umkhuhlane usugulo oluchaphazelekayo olusasazeka lula. Amagxa kunye ne-sneezes anamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuhambisa amaconsi emlonyeni nasempumlweni. Unokufumana umkhuhlane ngokuqhagamshelana nomntu (ukuxhaphaza okanye ukumbamba), ummatha (ukubamba okanye ukusela iziphuzo), nangokuthinta iindawo ezingcolileyo (ii-worknobs okanye ipaucets).
Xa omnye umntu ephefumulayo kuloo mafutha okuphefumula okanye echukumisa nayiphi na into ecocekileyo aze achukumise impumlo, umlomo okanye amehlo, intsholongwane iyasasazeka . Umntu osuleleka kumkhuhlane ukususela ngomhla omnye ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zivele zifike kwiintsuku ezintlanu emva kokugula.
Kunokwenzeka ukusasaza umkhuhlane phambi kokuba wazi nokuba unayo.
Yintoni ongayilindela
Umkhuhlane ugcina uhlala phakathi kweentsuku ezine neentsuku, nangona iimpawu zingapheli naphakathi kweentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezixhenxe.
Ezinye iimpawu zentsholongwane zinokufana neempawu ezibandayo, eziquka:
- Ukudibanisa (engaphantsi kwesi sifo)
- Isiqhamo
- Runny okanye impumlo ephihliweyo
- Iitchy okanye amehlo enamehlo
- Umqala obuhkungu
- Ukukhathala
- Umkhuhlane ophantsi
Umehluko oluphambili phakathi kweempawu ezibandayo kunye nomkhuhlane, nangona kunjalo, kubunzima. Ubushushu buqala ukuhamba kancane kwaye buye bube bubi ngakumbi kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Iimpawu ziyakwenza uzive ukhululekile, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ayinamandla okwaneleyo ukuphazamisa ubomi bakho. Umkhuhlane uya kukushaya ngokukhawuleza kwaye uyakususa ngokupheleleyo, ukunikezela ukuba awukwazi ukuhamba malunga nexesha lakho lemihla ngemihla.
Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomkhuhlane ziquka:
- Fever
- Intloko
- Iqumrhu lisebenza
- Ukukhathala okukhulu
- Intloko
Ukuba ucinga ukuba unakho umkhuhlane kunye nawe okanye umntu oza kubonakaliswa naye usemngciphekweni ophezulu weengxaki, qhagamshelana nomboneleli wakho wonyango ngokukhawuleza xa uhlakulela iimpawu. Unako ukuqhuba uvavanyo lomkhuhlane okanye ukuxilonga ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kwaye unqume indlela efanelekileyo yokunyanga.
Influenza A
I-Influenza yintsholongwane leyo enenayo imininzi yeengxaki ezahlukeneyo. Intsholongwane iguquka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kodwa i-strains ihlukaniswe ibe yintlanu yezintlu eziphambili-A, B, okanye C. I-Influenza A yiqela elidla ngokubangela ukugula kubantu.
Zonke i-influenza A zintsholongwane zigqitywa kwakhona zibe yi-H ne-N subtypes. Ngoko, nayiphina igciwane lesifo sengculazi esichazwa ngokuthi "H # N #" (njengeH1N1) yintsholongwane ye-influenza.
Kukho ii-H ezi-16 ze-H kunye ne-9 ezinama-subtypes, kodwa kuphela ukudibanisa ezintathu zenze ukuba kugula kakhulu abantu. Olunye udibaniso lufunyenwe ukuchaphazela ezinye iintlobo (njengeentaka kunye nehagu), kodwa azibangelanga izifo zabantu. Ezi zintathu ezidibeneyo ezibangela phantse zonke izifo zentsholongwane kubantu, zi-H1N1, H2N2 kunye ne-H3N2.
Ngaphandle kwezi ngxenyana, igciwane lesifo sengculazi linokutshintsha kwaye lutshintshe unyaka ngamnye. Ngenxa yoko, i-virus ye-influenza nayo ibizwa ngokuthi:
- Umninimzi wemvelaphi (ingulube, inkukhu, njl., Okanye akukho mmpi xa ivela kwimvelaphi yabantu)
- Indawo yokuvela kuyo (Hong Kong, Alberta, njl.).
- Inombolo yoxinzelelo
- Unyaka wokufumanisa (okanye ukuhlukanisa)
Xa amaziko e-United States yokuLawula nokuLawulwa kwezifo (i-CDC) kunye ne-World Health Organisation (i-WHO) ibonisa intsholongwane entsha yegciwane lesifo sengculazi, baqala ngeqela (A, B, okanye C), uze uluhlu lomgcini, indawo imvelaphi, inombolo yoxinzelelo, unyaka wokufumanisa, kunye ne-HN subtype kubazali. Umzekelo wentsholongwane kaGawulayo iya kubonakala ngathi:
- A / idada / i-Alberta / 35/76 (H1N1) kwintsholongwane yodada, echongwe e-Alberta, eCanada, i-35, ngo-1976
Imbali ye-Influenza A
Yonke imingcipheko enkulu yemfuyo kwimbali yanamhlanje ibangelwa yi-influenza A virus. Ibhubhane lika-1918-elibizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane waseSpain- lubangelwa yi-H1N1. Ingqungquthela yomkhuhlane we-1957-ebizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane wase-Asia-ibangelwa yi-H2N2. Ibhubhane lika-1968-elibizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane waseHong Kong-libangelwa yi-H3N2. Ekugqibeleni, ubhubhane lwe-2009-olubizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane weengulube- lubangelwa yintsholongwane yeH1N1.
I-Influenza A kwi-Vaccines ye-Flu
Umgudu wokugonya umkhuhlane wonyaka uqulethe iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zomkhuhlane A kunye nomnye okanye ezimbini ezinomkhuhlane we-influenza B. Iintlobo ezibandakanyiweyo kwisitofu sokugonya zifana nazo zonke iintlobo zentsholongwane zentsholongwane kunyaka onikezelwe kodwa zingatshintshwa unyaka unyaka .
Influenza B
I-Influenza B ayiqhelekanga kodwa ibangela ukuqhuma kwemfuyo yonyaka. Enye okanye emibini intsholongwane ye-influenza B ifakwe kwisifo sokugonya ngentsholongwane rhoqo ngonyaka ukwenzela ukukhusela abantu kwiinkcenkceso abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba banokubangela ukugula ngexesha lexesha elizayo lomkhuhlane . Umgomo wokugonya umkhuhlane uqulethe ezimbini ezinomkhuhlane weB.
Umkhuhlane we-Influenza B awuqhekekanga phantsi kwamagqabantshintshi anjenge-influenza A yiyo, kodwa aphuhliwe kwiintlobo zomntu ngamnye.
Yiyiphi i-Influenza B echaza yona
Akukho mfahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-influenza A ne-B xa kufikelele ekuthini kukuchaphazela ngayo; enye ayikho ngaphantsi okanye ingaphantsi kunomnye. Umehluko omkhulu luya kweendlela bahlelwa ngayo kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukubangela izifo ezibangelwa yizilwelwe. I-Influenza B ingabangela ukugqabhuka komkhuhlane wexesha kodwa ivela rhoqo kangangoko kunokuqhuma kwe-influenza A.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintsholongwane ezimbini zomkhuhlane weA nomnye umkhuhlane we-B zifakwe kwi -vaccine ye-gym vaccine . Izigulane zentsholongwane e-Quadrivalent ziqulethe iintlobo ezimbini ze-influenza A kunye neentsholongwane ezimbini zomkhuhlane B.
Ngaba Kukhona Unyango Weflu?
Akukho nonyango yomkhuhlane. Kukho imithi yokugulisa i-antiviral medication, efana neTamiflu , enokukunceda ukunciphisa ixesha lokugula. Nangona kunjalo, iTamiflu iyasebenza kuphela xa ithathwa kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-48 zokuqala kweempawu. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba ngaba la mayeza ayilungile.
Kuthiwani Ngokudada Kwemvula?
Utshutshiso lomkhuhlane lufumaneka ngokubanzi eUnited States ukususela ngo-Agasti okanye ngoSeptemba. Inika ukhuselo kwimiphunga yomkhuhlane abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba banokubangela ukugula ngexesha lexesha elizayo lomkhuhlane . Sekunjalo, akuyiyo i-100 ekhulwini ephumelelayo kuba igciwane lesifo sengculaza litshintsha rhoqo.
ILizwi
Ukuba uhla nomkhuhlane, zinyamekele, zama ukufumana ukuphumla okuninzi, hlala u-hydrated, kwaye uhlale kude nabanye abantu ukuze ungatshatanga intsholongwane. Ukuba unomngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki ezivela kumkhuhlane okanye ukholelwa ukuba unokufumana isifo sesibini , qiniseka ukuba ubone umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngokukhawuleza.
> Imithombo:
> Inzala: Intsholongwane ye-Influenza ngo-1918 nanamhlanje. Iindaba ze-NIH 29 Juni 09. I-National Institute ofergy and Infectious Diseases. AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo.
> Imbali yeFlu Pandemics. Ukuqwashiswa kwezifo. Flu.gov.
> Usulelo lwe-Influenza (Flu). I-Influenza yonyaka (i-Flu) 08 Feb 11. Amaziko ase-US okuLawula kunye nokuKhuselwa kwezifo.
> Iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo malunga ne-Influenza (Flu) | I-Influenza yonyaka (i-Flu) | CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm.
> Iindidi ze-Virus Influenza. I-Influenza yonyaka (i-Flu) 10 uNgo-11 11. Amaseli e-US okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo.