Umkhuhlane we-Swine ubizwa ngokuba yi-virus yesifo se-A virus esichaphazela ihagu (ihagu). Nangona iipilisi zegciwane lesifo sengculaza azichaphazeli abantu, kukho ukuphazamiseka kwehlabathi (i-pandemic) yegama elibizwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane weengulube" ngo-2009-2010, umkhuhlane wokuqala wegciwane kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-40. Kwabangelwa yintsholongwane entsha yentsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba ngu-H1N1, uhlobo lwegciwane le-influenza engumngxube weengulube, i-avian (intaka), kunye neengqungquthela zomntu ezixutywe ndawonye kwiingulube kwaye zisasazeka kubantu.
I-H1N1 ngoku ithathwa njengoluhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane wexesha kwaye lufakwe kwi-vaccine yomkhuhlane.
I-H1N1 yafunyanwa kuqala ngo-Apreli 2009 kwintombazana eneminyaka eyi-10 yaseCalifornia. Kwaye kwavakaliswa ukuba yindlala yomhlaba wonke ngoJuni ka-2009 yi-World Health Organisation (i-WHO) kwaye ekugqibeleni kwagqitywa ngo-Agasti 2010. Amaziko okuLawula nokuLawulwa kwezifo (CDC) aqikelela ukuba imfuyo yeengulube iphelele malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-61 eMelika. yabangela ukufa kwabangu-12,469. Ehlabathini lonke, abantu abangama-575,400 bafa ngenxa yesifo seengulube.
Iimpawu
I-H1N1 ibangela isifo sokuphefumula kwaye isasazeka kakhulu. Iimpawu ze-H1N1 zifana nezo zifo zonyaka kwaye zingaquka:
- Fever
- Iqumrhu lisebenza
- Ukuphelelwa kwesidlo
- Isiqhamo
- Umqala obuhkungu
- Intloko
- Ukukhathala
- Impumlo enemifinya
- Amehlo agxekayo
- Ukuvuthwa, isicupunu, kunye nehudo
Izizathu
Uhlobo lwe-A ye-influenza virus lunakho ukuxuba kunye nezinye iintlobo, ukudala uhlobo olutsha, okwenzekayo kubangela ubhubhane ngo-2009-2010.
Iigogo ziyakwazi ukubambisana nazo zonke iintlobo zentlupheko (abantu, ihagu, kunye neenvian), ukudala indawo intsholongwane yokuxuba kunye nokutshintsha. Intsholongwane ye-H1N1 yintsholongwane yohlobo lwe-A ngeengulube, abantu kunye neenvirus ze-avian ezithinteka kwiingulube, mhlawumbi iminyaka emininzi phambi kobhubhane, kwaye yabizwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane weengulube" kuba kwakucatshangelwa ukuba ifana neentsholongwane ezaziwa ukuba zithathe iifolo.
Intsholongwane ijikeleza phakathi kweengulube kunyaka kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu ngexesha lokuwa kwexesha lokugqibela kunye nobusika, kufana nexesha lomkhuhlane womntu. Ngamanye amaxesha ihagu zingadlulela umkhuhlane kubantu abasebenza nabo ngokuqhagamshelana nomhlaba oye wanyulwa okanye odibeneyo okanye ovela kumoya wokungcolisa owonakele. Yilokho okwenzeka ngexesha lobulwelwe ngo-2009-2010, kuphela kule meko, inkunkuma entsha ye-H1N1 yadluliselwa kwiingulube eya kubantu kwaye yasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kuba abantu babengenalo mkhuhlane kuye kuba kwakuhlobo olutsha lwesifo.
Ingqungquthela yavakaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2010 yaye ngoku i-H1N1 ithathwa njengesiqhwenga sonyaka esiqhelekileyo. Xa abantu befumana intsholongwane ye-H1N1, ngendlela efanayo unokufumana nayiphi na uhlobo lomkhuhlane; ngokuqhagamshelana nomnye umntu ogulayo kumanqwanqwa emoyeni aqulethe igciwane eliphilayo okanye ngokuchukumisa ubuso obunqambiweyo uze uthinte amehlo akho, impumlo, okanye umlomo.
Awukwazi ukufumana i-influenza ekubeni ungadli ingulube, nangona kufuneka uhlale uqinisekisa ukuba iphekwe kakuhle kwaye iphathwa kakuhle.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuba uhlakulela iimpawu zentsholongwane, akufuneki ukuba ubone ugqirha ukuba uhlala usempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhulelwe, isistim somzimba sakho sogonywa sisifo, okanye unesifo esingapheliyo njengesifo se-asthma, isifo sikashukela, i-emphysema, okanye imeko yesimo senhliziyo, kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukukufumanisa ngentsholongwane ngokuthi uthathe i-swab esuka ekhaleni lakho kunye / okanye umhombo phakathi kweentsuku ezine ukuya ezintlanu zokugula kwakho. Kukho iimvavanyo zokuxilongwa kwe-influenza ezinokuthi zitsho ukuba unomkhuhlane okanye awukho, kunye naluphi uhlobo (A okanye B), nangona alukho echanekileyo njengeminye imvavanyo. Kukho kwakhona iimvavanyo zee-molecular ezikhawulezayo, ezichanekileyo kwaye zinokunika umphumo okhawulezayo. Ekubeni kunengcinezelo engaphezu kweyodwa yentsholongwane ye-influenza, intsholongwane e-A test does not mean you have a H1N1 virus. Ukucacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba uhlalutye kwaye uhlele uluhlu lwe-influenza onayo, njenge-H1N1, ugqirha wakho angathumela isibonelo sakho kwisibhedlele esikhethekileyo okanye kwibhan yelizwe ukuhlalutya.
Unyango
Umkhuhlane weH1N1 unentsholongwane njenganoma yimuphi omunye umkhuhlane wesifo, kodwa kubonakala ngathi uphendule kwimithi ye-anti-antial Tamiflu ne- Relenza . La mayeza awaphilisi ugula, kodwa anganciphisa ixesha, enze iimpawu ezincinci, okanye unokukunceda ukuba ugweme ngokupheleleyo xa ubonakala. Zivame ukugcinwa kubantu abasemngciphekweni ophezulu weengxaki kodwa nangona kunjalo inokwenzeka ukuba intsholongwane ikhula ukuchaswa kubo iyancipha.
Ngaphandle koko, unyango lwabantu abaninzi luqulethwe ngamanyathelo othuzelo kunye nokunyanga iimpawu njengoko zivela. Ukuba une-asthma okanye i-emphysema, umzekelo, ugqirha wakho unokuncedisa amayeza ukuba ancede ukukhulula iimpawu zakho zokuphefumula.
ILizwi
Njengalo naluphi na uhlobo lomkhuhlane, kufuneka ube nenhlonipho enempilo kwintsholongwane ye-H1N1, kodwa akukho sizathu sokwesaba. Nangona ubunzima kunye nokufa kungenzeka ngenxa yokufumana nayiphi na uhlobo lomkhuhlane, oku kudla kuphela kwenzeka kubantu abaye banciphisa okanye bathathaka amajoni omzimba. Ukufumana umgomo wakho wokukhusela umkhuhlane wonyaka, okhusela i-H1N1, ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo kwaye uhlale kude nabantu abanesifo kunokunceda unciphise umngcipheko wokutyumba nayiphi na ingxaki yomkhuhlane.
> Imithombo:
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). 2009 H1N1 Flu: Ukuhlaziywa kwemiba. ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 18, 2010.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). IiNkcazelo ezibalulekileyo malunga neeNtsholongwane zabantu kunye neeNtsholongwane eziNinzi. ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 21, 2017.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). Imvelaphi ka-2009 H1N1 Flu (i-Swine Flu): Imibuzo neempendulo. ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu. Ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba 25, 2009.
> Dawood FS, u-Iuliano AD, uRed C, et al. Ukulinganiswa koMzimba woMhlaba ohlanganisiweyo kunye neenyanga ezi-12 zokuqala zika-2009 I-Influenza ye-Pandemic A H1N1 Ujikelezo lweVirus: i-Modeling Study. I-Lancet: Izifo ezithathelwanayo . NgoSeptemba 2012; 12 (9): 687-95. I-doi: 10.1016 / S1473-3099 (12) 70121-4.
> Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. I-Swine Flu (H1N1 Flu). Clinical Mayo. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Agasti 13, 2015.