Ukutshintsha kwe-antigenic kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-antigenic ngamagama asetyenziselwa ukuchaza indlela intsholongwane yentsholongwane eguquka ngayo ixesha. Ukukhutshwa kweyona nto yitshintshi xa utshintsho luyintloko.
Antigenic Drift
I-antigenic drift iyigama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza enye yeendlela ezinentsholongwane (umkhuhlane) iintsholongwane zitshintsha kwaye ziguqule. Ichaza inguqu encinci kwintsholongwane yomkhuhlane .
Xa intsholongwane yesifo somkhuhlane iguqula okanye itshintsha utshintsho, ibonakala ehlukile kumzimba wethu wokuzivikela.
Ngoko iziza-mzimba ezidalwa ngumzimba wakho kunyaka ophelileyo ekuphenduleni intsholongwane yesifo somkhuhlane okanye ukugonywa komkhuhlane akusazi ukuba "intsholongwane" entsha. Yingakho singagula ngomkhuhlane ngaphezu kweyodwa. Ukukhuselwa kwintsholongwane esiyifumene nesifo sengculazi esasenza sagula ngonyaka odlulileyo (okanye kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, njl.) Yinto engeyiyo yonqabileyo nentsholongwane yintsholongwane eguqule kancane kwaye ngoku ibukeka yinto ehlukile.
Ukukhutshwa kwe-antigenic sizathu sokuba sifuna iintsholongwane zentsholongwane emitsha minyaka yonke kunye nesizathu sokuba sigula ngezifo ezininzi kwiimpilo zethu.
Bobabini iintsholongwane ze-influenza A ne-B zingaphantsi kwe-antigengen drift.
Antigenic Shift
Ukutshintshwa kwe-Antigenic yintshintsho enkulu kwi-virus ye-influenza. Olu tshintsho lwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo xa igciwane lesifo sentsholongwane lomntu liwela ngegciwane lesifo sentsholongwane edla ngokuchaphazela izilwanyana (njengeentaka okanye ihagu).
Xa iintsholongwane ziguquka, zitshintshela ukudala i-subtype entsha eyahlukileyo kunoma yintoni ebonwa ngabantu ngaphambili.
Oku kuya kwenzeka ngeendlela ezintathu:
- Intsholongwane yesifo somntu ichaphazela isilwanyana njengengulube. Ihagu enye iyabasuleleka ngentsholongwane yesifo somkhuhlane kwesinye isilwanyana ezifana nedada. Iipilisi ezimbini zentsholongwane zingakwazi ukuxuba kunye nokuguquka, ukudala uhlobo olutsha ngokupheleleyo lwegciwane lesifo sentsholongwane elingasasazeka kubantu.
- Uhlobo lomkhuhlane weentaka ludlulela kubantu ngaphandle kokuba lube luphi na uhlobo lweenguqu zofuzo.
- Uhlobo lweentsholongwane zeentaka ludlulela kwelinye uhlobo lwesilwanyana (njengengulube) kwaye luye lwadluliselwa kubantu ngaphandle kokuguquka kwemfuza.
Xa kukho utshintsho olukhulu lwe-antigen njengolu, kubalwa kakhulu abantu abanalo naluphi uhlobo lokuzikhusela kumtsha, okanye "inveli", igciwane lesifo.
Xa imingcipheko yomkhuhlane yenzeke kwimbali eyaziwayo yakutshanje, kuye kwaba ngenxa yokutshintsha kwe-antigen kwintsholongwane. Ngethamsanqa, ezi zintshukumo zivela kuphela ngezihlandlo, zibangele iindlovu ezine zeengxaki zonyango kwixesha elidlulileyo .
Olu tshintsho olukhulu lwe-antigenji lwenzeka kuphela kwi-influenza A.
Ezi ngqungquthela ze-antigenic kunye neenguqu zenza kube nzima ukuphucula iigciwane zamachiza kunye namachiza aza kuyiphatha. Abaphandi banethemba lokuba baya kuba nako ukuphucula isitofu esipheleleyo esiza kujolisa inxalenye yesifo sengatsholongwane engathintekiyo ngolu tshintsho, ekhokelela "kwi- Universal Flu Vaccine " eya kufuneka kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile kunoko wonke unyaka.
Kuze kufike loo mini, kuya kufuneka siqhubeke nokufumana amahlumela omkhuhlane wexesha kunye nokuthatha isilumkiso samalanga onke ukuze sizikhusele kumkhuhlane.
Imithombo:
Indlela I-Virus ye-Flu iyakutshintsha ngayo: "Shift" kunye ne "Drift" Influenza yonyaka (Flu) 8 Feb 11. Izikhungo ze-US zokuLawula nokuLawulwa kwezifo. ISebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu. 14 Oktobha 13.
I-Antigenic Drift Flu 14 Jan 11. Isiko seSizwe soTywala neZifo ezithintekayo. AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo. ISebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu. 14 Oktobha 13.
I-Antigenic Shift Flu (i-Influenza) 14 Jan 11. Isiko seSizwe soMngcipheko kunye nezifo ezithintekayo. AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo. ISebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu. 14 Oktobha 13.