Ngaba ukukhwehlela komlilo okanye olunye uhlahlela?
Ukuqhaqhazeka okungapheliyo kokukhwehlela kwentambo yinto ebininzi kuthi siyazi kakuhle, ingaba sele sihlangene ngabanye abantu abavuthayo okanye abasizwa ngabo bangenayo. Yintoni ebangela ukuba lo khohlela, kwaye uphathwa njani? Kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu, unokuthi njani ukuba ukukhwehlela kwakho "kuphela" okuhlobene nokubhema kwaye kungekhona ngenxa yento ebaluleke ngakumbi, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu ?
Yintoni Umkhuhlane weS smoke?
Isikhwehlo sokutshaya ngumkhuhlane oqhubekayo okhula kubabhemayo besikhathi eside-"ukuqhubeka" kuthetha ukuba ukhona kwiiveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Ekuqaleni, inokuba yome (kubashushu abangazange bavume ixesha elide), kodwa ngokugqithisa kwexesha kudla ngokuvelisa i-phlegm. Le flegm okanye i- sputum ingacaca, imhlophe, iluphuzi, okanye iluhlaza okanye ibomvu. Ukukhwehlela okunxulumene nokubhema kudla ngokugqithiseleyo ekuvukeni nasekuphuculeni kwintsasa yomhla. Ewe, kukho ezininzi izinto, kwaye awufuneki ukugxotha ukukhwehlela kusasa.
Iimbangela zeNkohlakalo yeSwayi
I-airways idibene ne-cilia: iincinci ezincinci ezinjengeenqwelana ezibamba iibisiksi kwindawo yokungena ngaphakathi kwaye zihambisa phezulu ukuya emlonyeni. Ukubhema kuphazamisa la maseli ukuze bakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo. (Kukho amakhemikhali amaninzi kumsiyi wokubhema owenza oku kuquka u-formaldehyde). Esikhundleni sokubanjwa ngokuhamba, iibhox zivunyelwe ukungena kwimiphunga, apho zihlala khona zidale ukuvuvukala.
Oku, kukhokelela ekukhwehleleni njengoko umzimba uzama ukususa ezi zinto emiphakeni yakho. Ngelo busuku, la ma-cilia aqala ukuzilungisa njengoko engabonakali kwizinto ezinobuthi kumsi. Njengoko i-cilia ibizelwa ukuba ibambe kwaye isuse i-toxins eqokelelweyo, umphumo ukwanda kwesikhohlela xa kuvela ekuseni.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba enye yeendlela ekutshaya kuzo kungakhokelela kumdlavuza wamaphaphu kungenxa yokukhubazeka kwe-cilia. Ekubeni i-toxins kunye neekhemikhali ezikhoyo ngomsi wesigarethi zishiywe endaweni (ngenxa yokuba i-cilia ekhubazekile ayinakususa kwimiphunga) banesikhathi esiningi sokwenza umonakalo kumzimba wesifo samaphaphu, kuquka umonakalo we-DNA ongakhokelela kumdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ziyafana Njani Isiqhamo Kubantu Abashushu?
Akukho nkcazelo eninzi malunga nexesha lokukhwehlela. Kuhlolisiso oluthile lwabafundi abasemkhosini, ama-40 ekhulwini ayenomkhuhlane ongapheliyo wokuvelisa i-sputum (ngokumalunga nama-12 ekhulwini kwabangenayo). Ekubeni ukukhwehlela kokutshaya kuqhelekileyo kubashushu bexesha elide, ipesenteli ngokwenene ziphezulu kunoko.
Ukwahlukana kweCough Smoker
Ngelishwa, impendulo yinto yokuba awukwazi ukuhlula ukukhwehlela komfowuni kumkhwehlela womdlavuza wamaphaphu . Ngamanye amaxesha umqondiso kuphela wokuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu (okanye imeko embi yemiphunga efana neCOPD ) ngumqhubi oqhubekayo wokukhwehlela. Ukuba unomkhuhlane ongapheliyo wokubhema, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho ukuba utshintshe ngandlela-thile: ukuba iya kuba kaninzi okanye ibuhlungu, umzekelo, okanye ukuba iyandihluka kuwe.
Ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zithetha ukuba ukukhwehlela kwakho kungenxa yenye imeko yonyango kufuneka ihlolwe.
Iimpawu kunye neZityikisiso eziPhakamisayo isikhala sakho singaba lukhulu
Ngamanye amaxesha ukukhwehlela kukuphela komqondiso umntu anomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kuhlanganiswa kweempawu eziphakamisa inkxalabo. Ezinye izilumkiso "ezilumkiso" ukuba ukukhwehlela kwakho kungabaluleke kakhulu kubandakanya:
- Ukuhlamba igazi : Ukuba ukhwehlela igazi-nokuba yincinci elincinane kweso sihlandlo esisodwa-kubalulekile ukwenza inqununu ukuze ubone ugqirha wakho. Ukutyhala igazi ngumqondiso wokuqala wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ama-7 ekhulwini labantu abanesifo. Ukongezelela, ukukhwehlela igazi kungabi kakhulu. Ukuqhawula ngokuncinci njengepaspoon okanye ezimbini zegazi kuthathwa njengongxamiseko lwezonyango (kunokubangela ukuthanda).
- Ukuphazamiseka : Ukuba unomlomo ogqithiseleyo ohlala ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbalwa, okanye ungahambisani nezinye iimpawu ezibandayo, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho. Ukwesaba kubantu ababhema kubangelwa ngenxa yeemeko ezininzi, kungekhona nje iingxaki zemiphunga.
- Ukugubha : Ukuba ukukhwehlela kwakho kuhamba kunye ne-wheezing, kunokubonisa isifuba; kodwa ilizwi eliqhelekileyo kumachiza kukuba "akusiyo yonke into ehamba ngayo isifo se-asthma." Ukuba ubona ivili elitsha, liye lakhangela.
- Ukuphefumula : Ngaba kubonakala kunzima ukubamba umoya? Ngaba kunzima ukunyuka kweendiza zokuhamba? Yenza ukuqesha kunye nogqirha wakho xa ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumula. Abantu abaninzi bayaqaphela ukuba uphawu lwabo lokuqala lomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngumntu ongenakucatshulwa kolu bunzima obunzima bokubamba umoya.
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachazwanga : abaninzi abantu bayakuvuyela xa belahlekelwa iipounds ezimbalwa, kodwa ukuba awuyi kuzama, kungabonakalisa into ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoko ihlolisise.
- Ubuhlungu ngokuphefumula : Ubuhlungu ngokuphefumla, okubhekiselwe kuthiwa njenge-pleurisy okanye intlungu yesifuba sentliziyo, kaninzi kubonisa ukuba umbane wemiphophu yakho (i-pleura) inokuchaphazeleka. Ekubeni ukutshaya yedwa akuvami ukulimaza le micimbi, ukutyelela ugqirha wakho kufuneka.
- Ubuhlungu emaphaphini akho, emagxeni akho, okanye emhlane wakho: Akuqhelekanga iimpawu ezinjengeentlungu zentlungu, intlungu emva, intlungu emagxeni , okanye intlungu phakathi kwamagxa ehlombe ukuba yodwa uphawu (ngaphezu kwesikhohlela) xa umntu udala umhlaza wamaphaphu.
Impembelelo yeNtlalo
Sivame ukugxininisa kwimiphumo yempilo yamachiza, kodwa ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kunokuba nempembelelo eninzi kunye neentlalo. Khawucinge nje ukuya kwidlali, okanye umzali we-piano wokuzalwa, okanye nokuba ngumdlalo we-cocktail. Ukongezelela kwabanye abacaphukisayo abazama ukuzithokozisa, ukukhwehlela kwakho-ukuba ihlala ngaphezu kwekusasa-kunokuphazamisa imisebenzi oyithandayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ixesha lokuphumla akukuphela kwenkxalabo: Ngaphandle kokuba usebenze wodwa, abasebenzi bakho basebenzisana nabo banokuchaphazeleka kangako, ukuba akukho ngaphezulu, kunokuba ukhwehlela. Ukuba uye wahlala nekhwehlo ixesha elide, unokuziqhelanisa nesandi kunye nokuphazanyiswa. Okufanayo akunako ukunyaniseka kumphathi wakho kunye nabo.
Unyango lomkhuhlane weS smoke
Enyanisweni, unyango olungcono kakhulu wokukhwehlela utshaya ukuyeka ukutshaya. Nangona ukukhwehlela kwakho kungadlulela kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuyeka, kudla njalo kuphucula ngexesha.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukukhwehlela kunomsebenzi: yenzelwe ukucoca i-airways ngokususa izinto ezingaphandle eziphefumlelweyo. Ngaphandle kwezinto ezivuthayo kwi-cigarette kunye nomsi we-cigar, kukho ezinye izinto kwiimeko ezingabangela zakho iimpawu. Ingaba ubumba kwindawo ephantsi komhlaba, ukukhupha kwisitofu somthi okanye kwindawo yokucima umlilo, okanye ukutyhila kwiikhemikhali emsebenzini, khangela ukuba kukho naziphi na izikrakra kwindawo ohlala kuyo kufuneka uzame ukuphepha ukuphucula ukukhwehlela kwakho. Ekubeni ukukhwehlela kunomsebenzi, ukunqanda ukukhwehlela komkhuhlane akusoloko kulungile. Thetha ugqirha ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise nayiphi na imithi okanye i-contra-contra-counter-contraressers.
Izenzo ezinokukunceda ukukhwehlela kwakho zibandakanya:
- Ukuhlala kakuhle kakuhle. Ukusela i-8-oz ezisibhozo. Iiglasi zamanzi ngemini zinokunceda imfihlelo encinci kwindlela yokuphefumula.
- Ukugubha ngamanzi etyuwa.
- Ukusebenzisa uhla lweentambo okanye i-lozenges ezichukumisa umqala wakho.
- Ubusi. Kwisifundo esinye, i-teaspoon yobusi ifunyenwe iphumelele ngakumbi kunamalungiselelo amaninzi angaphezu kwe-counter-counter-curving for the reduction of symptoms. Unokonwabela ubusi bodwa, okanye wongeze kwikomityi yefuthe elifudumeleyo. Eyona nto ingcono, indebe yetiyi eluhlaza. Uphando oluninzi lufumene itiye eluhlaza ukuze lidibene nomngcipheko ophantsi womhlaza womphunga.
- Amanzi abilayo ngamanqatha okanye amaqabunga eucalyptus, aze avuselele umphunga. Ukwenza oku, abanye abantu babeka ithawula phezu kwebhodlela lamanzi ukukunceda ukukhupha imiphunga. Qaphela ukuba ugwebe ukutshisa ngokugcina umgama okhuselekileyo kwi-steam, kwaye uhlale ugcina ibhokhwe kwinqanaba elingaphezulu kubantwana.
- Ukuphakamisa intloko yakho xa ulele. Xa ulala phantsi, i-muscus ikwazi ukuhlamba emqaleni wakho, ukwenza ukukhwehlela kwakho kube nzima xa uvuka.
- Ukuzivocavoca. Ukuzivocavoca kunokunceda ukususa i-phlegm, ngaphezu kweminye inzuzo.
- Ukutya ukutya okunempilo. Nangona kungenakungqinisiswa, abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ukutya okuninzi kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno enqamlekileyo, njenge-broccoli kunye nekholifulawa, kunokunceda umzimba ukuba uchithe ezinye iikhemikhali eziphefumula ngotshani. Khangela ezi ndawo ezinokuthi zinciphise umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu .
Iingxaki zeCough Smoker
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho ezininzi iingxaki zokutshaya, kodwa kukho iingxaki ezimbalwa ezinxulumene ngqo nokukhwehlela. Ukuqhwala kungabangela ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha esifubeni kwaye kubenokukhokelela kwiimbambo eziphukileyo . Kubasetyhini, uxinzelelo lwesisu olubangelwa ukukhwehlela lunokubangela ukuba ingcinezelo ingabikho . Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, ukukhwehlela kobhemayo kungabangela ukuba impilo yakho yentlalo ibe nzima, kwaye ngokwenza njalo, impilo yakho yengqondo.
Kutheni Isiqhamo Sokutshaya Siya Kukhula Emva kokuyeka
Ukuqhwaba ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala ukunciphisa ngaphakathi kweenyanga ezintathu zokuyeka ukutshaya. Abanye abantu bayaxhalabisa ukuba emva kokuyeka, ukukhwehlela kwabo kwanda-into ebizwa ngokuba "ukukhwehlela ukuyeka ukukhwehlela." Oku kuqhelekileyo kwaye ngenxa yecilia eyonakaliswe ngoku kwaye yenza umsebenzi wokususa izinto ezivela ngaphandle emqaleni, kunye nomoya. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba oku kunyuka kokukhwehlela kungokwethutyana, kwaye nangona kungadlulela kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, ukuyeka uyanceda ukukhwehlela kwakho ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ufuna ukubetha iintaka ezimbini ngelitye elinye emva kokuyeka, cinga ukuba ukwandisa inkqubo yakho yokuzilolonga. Ukongezelela ekuncedeni ukucoca ukukhwehlela kwakho ngokukhawuleza, kunokukunceda nezikhanuko kunye neemvakalelo ezihamba kunye nokuyeka.
ILizwi
Njengesikhumbuzo sokugqibela: Ukuba unomkhwehlela oqhubekayo-nangona ukholwa ukuba ngumtshizo wokukhwehlela umgca ugqirha wakho. Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo ngenye yeempawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wamaphaphu , kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga, ngaphambili kubanjwe, amathuba amakhulu okuphiliswa. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2016 lubonise ukuba abantu ababhemayo abanamathuba amaninzi kunokuba abangabhemi bafune unyango lweempawu ze-"alarm" zomdlavuza wamaphaphu-iimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okanye ukuphazamiseka. Musa ukulinda.
Kwabanye abantu, ngakumbi abo bangama-55 no-74 abaneminyaka engama-30 yeminyaka yokupaka umlando wokubhema, ukuhlolwa kwe-CT yomdlavuza wemiphunga nokuba yinto enqwenela ukuyicinga. Funda kabanzi malunga nokuhlolwa komhlaza wamaphaphu .
Imithombo:
Broekema, M., ten Hacken, N., Volbeda, F. et al. I-Airway Epithelial Changes in Smokers kodwa engekho kwi-Ex-Smokers ene-Asthma. I-American Journal ye-Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2009. 180 (12): 1170-8.
UFriedemann, S., Whitaker, K., Winstanley, K., kunye noJard Wardle. Ababhemayo bancipheko kunokuba abangabhemi bafune uncedo lomqondiso womhlaza womphunga 'uphawu'. Thorax. 2016 Feb 24. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta).
Hamari, A. et al. Ixesha eliphakamileyo lomkhuhlane ongapheliyo kunye nokuveliswa kwe-sputum kunye nokunciphisa amandla okusebenzisa ababhemayo abatsha. Annals of Medicine. 2010. 42 (7): 512-20.
Liu, Y., Pleasants, R., Croft, J. et al. Ubude bokubhema, iimpawu zokuphefumula kunye ne-COPD kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-45 kunye nomlando wokutshaya. I-International Journal ye-Pulmonary Disease. 2015. 10: 1409-16.
Sitkauskiene, B., kunye noP. Dicpinigaitis. Impembelelo yokutshaya kwi-reflex senticity in the people. Lung. 2010. 188 Isondlo 1: S29-32.
Yamane, T. et al. Ukukhwehlela okuveliswayo kubangelwa yingozi yokuzikhethela "ukuphuhliswa kwe-COPD kwabasakuba ngabokutshaya." I-Respirology 2010. 15 (2): 313-8.