Yiyiphi enye into eyenza i-sputum kwaye yinto efanayo ne-phlegm, i-mucus, okanye i-saliva? Kuthetha ntoni ukuba i-sputum yakho imibala eyahlukileyo, njengokucacileyo, emhlophe, ephuzi, eluhlaza, obomvu, kwaye yiyiphi imimiselo enokubangela ukwanda kwe-sputum?
Inkcazo
I-Sputum yinto enobungozi efihliweyo kwi-airways (i- bronchi ne- bronchioles ) yephepha lokuphefumula.
I-sputum ayifani ne-saliva, into efihliweyo emlonyeni ukukunceda ngokugaya. Iimpawu ze-sputum kunye ne-phlegm zisetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo.
I-Sputum yenziwe ngokudibanisa kweeseli kunye neminye into ekhoyo kwi-airways.
Ixesha le-mucus lingasetyenziselwa ukuba lisebenzise endaweni ye-sputum, kodwa i-sputum ibhekisela kuloo masi efihliweyo ngokucacileyo kwiphepha lokuphefumula, kanti i-mucus inokuveliswa kwindlela yokuxhamla isisu, i-urological tract, kunye ne-tract tract.
Umthombo
I-sputum okanye i-phlegm ikhutshwe kwi-airways ephantsi kwindlela yokuphefumula-i-bronchi, i-bronchioles, kunye ne- trachea- ngaphandle kweengqungqa emlonyeni nasemqaleni.
Imibala kunye Nento Ethethayo
I-Sputum ingaba nemibala emininzi kunye nokuvumelana, kwaye oku kunokukunceda ukuchaza imeko ethile. Umzekelo:
- Cima i-sputum: Sula i-sputum ivame ukuqheleka, nangona inganyuswa kwezinye izifo zamaphaphu.
- I-white sputum okanye i-grey: I-sputum e- White okanye i-gray-tinged sputum ingaba yinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa ingaba khona kwiimali ezongezelelweyo ngezifo zamaphaphu okanye zilandele ezinye iinguqu zemibala ezihambelana nezinye iimeko.
- I-sputum eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka / omnyama: Uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi- neutrophils zinemibala eluhlaza kubo. Ezi ntlobo zeeseli zegazi ezimhlophe ziyakhangwa kwindawo yesifo se-bacteria, kwaye ngoko ukusuleleka kwe-bacterial kwindlela yokuphefumula engaphantsi, njenge-pneumonia, kunokubangela ukuveliswa kwe-sputum eluhlaza
- I-sputum yaseBrown: i-sputum e- Brown ngenxa yobomi be-tar, ngamanye amaxesha itholakala kubantu abatshunayo.
- I-sputum ye-Pink: I- Pink, ikakhulukazi i-froth pink sputum inokuvela kwi -edema ye-pulmatic , imeko apho amanzi amancinci kunye namancinci amanzi aphuma ku-capillaries aye kwi- alveoli yemiphunga .
- I-sputum enegazi: I-sputum egazini, kwaneyodwa imifanekiso yegazi ekhupha i-sputum, kufuneka ihlale ihlolwe. Ukuhlamba igazi kungabonakalisa, kwaye ngumqondiso wokuqala womhlaza wemiphunga kumaphesenti ama-7 abantu. Iipaspoon ezi-1 ukuya kweyesi-2 zegazi ezikhukhulayo zibhekwa njengengxamiseko yonyango.
Iziqulatho
I-sputum yenziwe kwiimfihlelo ezivela kwiiseli ezibandakanya umzila wokuphefumula, iiseli ezifile, into engaphandle ngaphandle kokuphefumlelwa kwimiphunga, kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye namanye amaseli omzimba. Kwiintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya zinokuthi zibekho kwi-sputum. Igazi linokuthi libekho kwi-sputum ngomhlaza wamaphaphu , umonakalo kwindlela yokuphefumula, umonakalo kwi-airways, ne-pulema ye-pulema.
Imiqathango Eyandisa Ukuveliswa
Ezinye iimeko ezibangelwa ukwanda kwe-sputum ziquka:
- I-bronchitis engapheliyo: I-bronchitis engapheliyo ibangela ukwanda kwe-sputum , kwaye ngokwenene, i-criteria yokuxilongwa kwe-bronchitis engapheli iquka ukukhwehlela kwimihla ngemihla ye-sputum
- I-Bronchiectasis: I- Bronchiectasis yindlela yesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary pulmonary (COPD) esivame ukubangelwa izifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumula ebuntwaneni.
- Edemonary Edema
- Ukukhutshwa ngokweqile kwe-sputum kungabangelwa ukutshaya kunye nokungcoliswa komoya
Uvavanyo lokuhlola i-Sputum
I-Sputum ingahlaziywa kwibhule ukucacisa okuqukethwe kwayo kunye nokunye. Uvavanyo lunokuquka:
- Isiqhelo se-sputum: Inkcubeko yesityalo isenziwa ngokubeka isampuli yesikhohlela kwi-media ekhulayo (i-agar dish) kwaye ikhangele ubukho bokukhula. Oku kunokwenziwa ukuze kuchongwe uhlobo oluthile lweebhaktheriya ezibangela ukuphefumula. Xa i-bacterial strain izimisele, i-lab inokuyenza iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu ukufumana ukuba yiyiphi i-antibiotics eyona ndlela isebenzayo ngokubhekiselele kuloo bhaktiriya.
- I-sputum yesifo sofuba: Isampuli se-sputum inokufunyanwa ukujonga isifo sofuba .
- I-sputum cytology: Kwi- cytology ye-sputum njengoko isampuli se-sputum ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Oku kunokwenziwa ukujonga iimpawu zesifo sofuba okanye iimpawu zeseli zomhlaza. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakucingelwa ukuba i-cytology ye-sputum yayingenomkhuhlane womhlaza wamaphaphu, kodwa ayikho isisombululo esisebenzayo. Ukuba isifo somhlaza sifumaneka, nangona kunjalo, sinokuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga . Kuya kufuneka ukuba kwenziwe iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukufumana indawo yomhlaza.
U ku velisa
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-sputum, kodwa inyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu kukuxilonga nokuphatha isizathu esiyintloko. Ngokungcola komoya nokutshaya, imbangela yeso sizame somzimba wokuzikhupha umcimbi welizwe langaphandle, kwaye ukukhutshwa ngokweqile kwe-sputum kuyimpendulo evamile. Kwimeko apho ukususa umthombo kuyindlela efanelekileyo. Amachiza anokunceda ukunciphisa i-sputum kubandakanya unyango lwe-aerosol kunye nabaxhasi. Unyango olunjenge-postural drainage lungasebenza kwezinye iimeko.
Okukwintsusa
I-Sputum yinto eveliswa ngumphefumlo wokuphefumula oqulethe ukudibanisa kweeseli, umcimbi wangaphandle, kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Umbala, ukulingana, kunye nenani le-sputum kunokubaluleka ekuxilongeni inani lezonyango ezahlukeneyo. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-sputum kunokunceda ekuxilongeni kweemeko ezifana nesifo sofuba kunye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Nangona inani elinyukayo le-sputum lingaba lusizi kakhulu, kaninzi umzamo womzimba wokuzikhupha izinto eziphathekayo (njenge-tar kunye nezinye izinto ezingaphandle) ezingenakho ukungena kunye nokulimaza i-airways.
Eyaziwa nangokuthi : i- phlegm
> Imithombo:
> Ilayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. Inkcubeko yesihlunu esivamile. Updated 07/05/17. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003723.htm