Isifo sesifo sofuba (TB) sisifo esibangelwa yi- Mycobacterium sofuba , ibhaktheriya ekhula kwaye ihlula ngaphakathi kweeseli. Usulelo, oluqala kwimiphunga, lubangele iigulane ezibizwa ngokuba yi-tubercles. Ngexesha, lesi sifo singasasazeka kwezinye izitho, kubandakanya izintso, ubuchopho kunye nomgudu. I-antibiotics isetyenziselwa isifo sofuba, nangona unyango aluhlali lulula okanye lusebenza.
I-TB ayikho into echitshiyelweyo e-United States kwaye ingaba yingozi uma ingashiywanga.
Imbali emfutshane
I-TB ijikeleze iminyaka engamashumi amawaka eminyaka. Kwakudla ngokuba kuthiwa "ukusetyenziswa" ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esinzima kunokubangela. Ngaphambi kwee-1940, xa i-streptomycin ye-antibiotic yafika, akukho nto enokuyenza enokugula. Umoya omtsha, ukutya okunomsoco, kunye nokukhanya kwelanga kwakucingelwa ukuba luncedo, kodwa akuzange kusebenze rhoqo. Kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha bazama ukususa imiphunga yokugula. Ukususela kwiminyaka ye-17 ukuya kweye-19, kukholelwa ukuba omnye kwabathathu bafa ngesifo sofuba.
Eyona nto ibhubhisa emhlabeni jikelele, isifo sofuba asixhaphaki kakhulu eUnited States kunokuba sasisetyenziswa, nangona izifo ezikhuselweyo zikhulile kwiminyaka yamuva. Ngokutsho kwamaziko okuLawula nokuLawula (i-CDC), amacala ama-9,272 we-TB abiwe e-United States ngo-2016.
Ukuhlaziya kwakhona kwe-TB e-United States kuye kwaxelwa ukuba yinxalenye yokuya kwiindawo apho i-TB ihlala khona, kunye nokudibanisa nesifo sengculaza.
Iimpawu
Xa umntu onempilweni anesifo se-TB, amangqamuzana omzimba wakhe omzimba ngokuqhelekileyo asoloko eludongeni kunye nokubangela ukuba iibhaktheriya ze-TB zingene kwifomu engasebenziyo engabangeli mpawu kwaye ayifumananga; Oku kwaziwa ngokuba nguGawulayo.
Kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile nge-TB efihlakeleyo ngaphandle kokuvelisa ifomu esebenzayo yesifo.
Ukuba i-immune system iyancipha, nangona kunjalo, intsholongwane inokusebenza, ibangela iimpawu kunye nezifo ezithintekayo. Phantse iipesenti ezi-3 ukuya kuma-5 ekhulwini abantu bahlakulela i-TB enamandla ngaphakathi konyaka wokufumana umphumo omuhle kwi-test ye-TB.
Uphawu lokusayinwa lwe-TB esebenzayo lukhuhlane olubi oluvelisa i-phlegm enegazi kunye kwaye lunokuhlala iiveki ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu. Ezinye iimpawu ziquka intlungu yesifuba, ukukhathala, ukulahleka kwesidlo, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo, umkhuhlane, ukubola kunye nobusuku bobusuku.
Izizathu
Isifo sofuba sisifo esiphezulu, sisasazeka ngokubanzi ngamaconsi akhishwe emoyeni emva kokuba umntu ogxekayo ekhwehlela, ahlabe, okanye ahlabe. Umngcipheko wokusuleleka ngowona mkhulu kulabo abachitha ixesha elide kwiindawo ezivaliweyo-njengendiza, ibhasi, okanye indawo encinane yokuhlala-nabantu abanesifo.
I-TB yinkinga enkulu yempilo kumazwe amaninzi, ngokukodwa ekuphuhliseni. Kuye kuthiwa "isifo sobuhlwempu" ngenxa yokuba ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezinzima neemeko zentlalo ezikhokelela ekuphileni, ekungondlekeni, nangaphezulu. Nangona isifo sofuba singasesezantsi eUnited States, ihlala ingxaki kwizibhedlele, entolongweni nakwiindawo zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya, apho iimeko ezininzi zihlala khona.
Abo banesistim se-immune sinobuthathaka basemngciphekweni we-TB. Oku kuquka abantwana, asebekhulile, abo banezifo ezikhuselekileyo zokuzikhusela komzimba okanye imeko (njenge-HIV), abo bathabatha iziyobisi ezingenasistim (njengokwonyango lwesifo esingenalutho okanye emva kokufakelwa komzimba), kunye nabantu abafumana unyango lomhlaza.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-TB esebenzayo, biza umnonophelo wakho wezempilo ukuba alungiselele ukuhlolwa kwe-TB . Isiqhelo esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo sisilwanyana seMantoux, esenziwa ngokujoba amancinci amabhaktheriya e-TB phantsi kwesikhumba kwi-forearm yakho. Ukuba une-immune response, ukuvuvukala kuya kubangela kwisayithi yokungeniswa kwimizuzu emibini ukuya kwiintsuku ezintathu.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kunokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokubhengeza kwiibhakteria (phambi kweeyure ezisibhozo ukuya kwele-10) ukuze uphendule umzimba. Ukuba uvavanya uvavanyo oluhle, uza kuhlola ngakumbi, kubandakanya i-X-ray yesifuba kunye neenkcubeko ze-bhakteria okanye uvavanyo lwezinto ezincinci (sphleum).
Kukho iimvavanyo zegazi ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-TB, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-intraretic gamma release videos (i-IGRAs), nangona ingasetyenziswa rhoqo.
Unyango
Isifo sofuba siphathwa ngamayeza . Unyango ngokuqhelekileyo luqukethe iiveki ezintandathu ukuya kweebhozo zokudibanisa ezine iziyobisi, zilandelwa ngamanye amayeza, ukuba ubude beenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kweyesithoba. Inkqubo echazwe kuwe iya kuxhomekeka kwimeko yakho kunye nempilo yonke.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo yegqirha yakho yonyango lwe-TB, nangona emva kokuphazamiseka kwempawu. Inkqubo epheleleyo ye-antibiotics iyimfuneko ukubulala yonke ibhaktheriya ye-TB. Ukungaphumeleli ukugqiba ikhosi epheleleyo kungakhokelela kunyango olungasebenzi, ixesha elide lokugula, kunye ne-anti-antibiotic-resistant TB, ukhetho lwezonyango ezingasebenzi ngaphantsi kwaye lunemiphumo engaphezulu kweziyobisi zokuqala.
Ukuthintela ukuThuthwa
Ukuba ufumana i-diagnostic efanelekileyo yesifo sofuba, uya kufundiswa ukuba ungayi emsebenzini okanye kwisikolo de ugqirha ugqibe ukuba awusasazelelane (ngokuqhelekileyo malunga neveki ezimbini ukuya kwethathu emva kokuqala unyango, kodwa oku kungathatha iiveki ezintandathu). Kuze kube ngoko, gcina umgama wakho kubantu ohlala unxibelelana nabo rhoqo. Khumbula ukukhwehlela kwiifisi uze uyilahle kwisikhwama esitywinwe.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, izigulane ezine-TB ezichaphazelekayo zivavanywa kwaye zonyango kwiindawo ezizimeleyo zokubhedlele esibhedlele ezixinzelelweyo ukuze zinciphise ukuboniswa kwabanye. Emva kokukhululwa esibhedlele, amagosa ezempilo karhulumente aya kukunika izikhokelo zokubuyela emsebenzini okanye kwisikolo. Abantu oqhagamshelana nawo kufuneka bavavanywe usulelo.
ILizwi
Nangona ukufunyaniswa ukuba unesifo sofuba singasabisa, ukuhlaziya isifo esihle. Uninzi lwezifo ze-TB zonyango kwaye zonyango nje nje xa ulandela imiyalelo yegqirha yakho kwaye uthatha amayeza akho njengoko imiselwe.
> Imithombo:
> Amaziko okuLawula izifo. Ulwahlulo lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo. Isifo sofuba (TB). https://www.cdc.gov/tb/?404 ;https://www.cdc.gov:443/tb/default
> Ii-CA, ne-al. Microbiology. Ngo-1993. I-Mosby-Year Book Yurophu Limited. ELondon.
> Salyers AA kunye neW Whitt DD. I-Pathogenesis yeBhakteria: Indlela yeModeli. Ngo-1994. UMbutho we-American Society for Microbiology. EWashington, DC
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Isifo sofuba. http://www.who.int/tb/en/