I-Bird Flu. Akunjalo nje ngeentaka.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthintela iintaka kunye neefama, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuchaphazela ngakumbi.
I-Bird Flu ifunyenwe kwihlabathi lonke, ukusuka eChina ukuya eYiputa ukuya eBurkina Faso ukuya e-Iowa. Ezinye iintlobo zibuhlungu kakhulu. Ezi ntlobo, sikhathazeke, sinokuxuba size sidibanise okanye sitshintshe kwaye sibe yinkinga enkulu ngakumbi - kungekhona nje kwiintaka, kodwa kuthi abantu.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeFlu
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeFlu . Amanye atholakala phantse rhoqo kubantu. Eninzi ininzi kwiintaka okanye kwizinja okanye kwihagu. Abanye banokuwela phakathi kweentlobo - kwaye ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokubangela ukuxuba kunye nokufanisana, okwenzela umdaka ongaphantsi. Ngamanye amaxesha umkhuhlane ungaphila kwiintlobo zezilwanyana kwaye ube yintsholongwane kwaye / okanye yingozi phakathi kwezilwanyana.
Kukho iintlobo ezixhalabisayo ezininzi zeBird Flu. Ezi ntlobo zifunyanwe zijikeleza kwiintaka ezifudukayo nakwiifama ezijikelezayo kwihlabathi ukusuka eChina ukuya eYiputa ukuya eBurkina Faso. I-Canadian Geese kunye neendlela zeqanda zeefama zeenkukhu e-US zinomnye uhlobo.
Ezi ntlobo zentsholongwane ezinokukhathazeka kakhulu zinamazwi afana neH5N1, H5N2, H7N9, H5N6. Baqhuba umngcipheko wokubangela izifo zabantu.
Kutheni le nto?
Oku akuyona nje umbuzo wamaxabiso eqanda. Ukuxuba kunye nokudibanisa i-Bird Flu strains, ukuthengisana nge-H kunye ne-N, kunokudala uhlobo olutsha, olunzima.
Umkhuhlane othile usulela abantu abaninzi (H1N1) kwaye abanye bawabulala abaninzi (H5N1). Sixhalabisa ngelinye ilanga ukuxhamla komnye umntu unokukwenza zombini.
Ininzi yeentaka zeentsholongwane zihlala phakathi kweentaka. Kukho iintlobo ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi e-China, eziye zanyuka kwiintaka zaza zaza zazingena kubantu. Ngethamsanqa, akukho matyala amaninzi asasazeke ngale ndlela - kwaye ezi ngxaki azibonakali zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza.
Uloyiko kukuba elinye ixesha, emva kwamathuba alaneleyo, ukuhanjiswa kweentsholongwane zeentaka ezivela kubantu-abantu kunokusebenza kakuhle kwaye kukhokelela ekugqibeleni okukhulu. Kukho ezinye iintlobo - H5N1 kunye ne-H7N9 - ezisondeleyo kuthi zisichaphazele-kwaye ziyakwazi ukufa.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-Flu Bird Flu ekusasazeni ngoku, kufuneka uhlale ulandelelanayo ukhuseleko lokutya olufanayo ohlala usenzayo - i-salmonella kunye nezinye izingozi zebhakteria. Akukho ngaphezulu malunga nokuba kunoko ngoku.
Yintoni omele uyayizi malunga ne-Bird Flu
Kukho imeko ye-H5N1 kunye ne-H7N9 ekusasazeka phakathi kwabantu. NgoJanuwari 2015, iimeko zokuqala zomkhuhlane we-avian (H7N9) zachongwa eMntla Melika kubakhweli ababini ababuya e-China eBrithani Columbia, eCanada. Laba bantu babesulelwe luhlobo lwe-Bird Flu olwenziwe kubantu.
Yintoni exhalabisa ngale mkhuhlane?
Ingabangela ukugula kwesifo somkhuhlane kunezinye iintlobo ze-influenza. Ingakhokelela ngokukhawuleza ukuphefumula kwabanye abantu, nangona abaninzi benza kakuhle ngosulelo. Ukufa ku
bekuyi-1 kwi-3. Ngokwengxenye, oku kungenxa yokuba yintsholongwane ehlukileyo kakhulu kunabanye.
I-Bird Flu nayo ineempembelelo zoqoqosho. Xa umkhuhlane weentaka ushaya iifama zeenkukhu, amaxabiso e-Egg aqhuma. Izigidi zeentaka zinokuthi zithweliswe, njengokuba ziseMiddlewest yase-US.
Iifama ezinkulu zeenkukhu zokuthengisa iinkukhu.
Ngaba ya sasaza?
Hayi . Akusondeli kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Akuzange isasazeka xa be tyelela izibonelelo zempilo okanye xa bebaleka ngeenqwelo. Enyanisweni, bahamba ngaphambi kokuba babe neempawu kangangokuba babengenakhathazeka ngokusasazeka kwindiza eya eCanada.
Ngaba kwenzeka kwakhona?
Ewe. Kukho iimeko ezingaphezu kwe-500 ze-H7N9 emhlabeni jikelele-ikakhulukazi ukusuka kwilizwe laseChina ukususela ngo-Matshi 2013, kodwa nakwiMalaysia kunye neHong Kong neTaiwan.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukusasazeka kumntu kumntu?
Kunokwenzeka, kodwa akuqhelekanga. Kukho kunokusasazeka ukususela kumntu ukuya kumntu, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela ezinkukhu ukuya kubantu.
Yintoni eyenza le nto ihluke kumkhuhlane ngamnye ngonyaka?
Zininzi iintlobo zomkhuhlane. Abanye abaxhatshazi njengabanye.
Kubantu, kukho iintlobo ezi-3 zomkhuhlane. Uhlobo lwe-Influenza C lubangela kuphela ukugula okuphefumulayo. Akufakiwe kwiifom. Uhlobo lwe-Influenza B lungabangela izifo ezibangelwa zizifo, kodwa akukho mingcipheko enkulu. Kuqukwa kwiigcini.
Bobabini uhlobo C kunye no-B bachaphazela abantu, kodwa kungekhona izilwanyana ezininzi. Abanalo izilwanyana ezinkulu zezilwanyana.
I-Influenza A iyinkxalabo. Imiqolo ibhalwe ngeenombolo ze-H kunye ne-N-njengeH5N1, H7N9. Ezi ze-H kunye ne-N zithele iiprotheni ezahlukeneyo (egama libizwa ngokuthi nguH for hemagglutinin kunye ne-N ye-neuraminidase) phezu komkhuhlane. I-Influenza A inokuxuba kwaye idibanise i-H kunye ne-N phakathi kweengxaki ezahlukeneyo.
Zonke i-avian influenzas zihlobo lwe-Influenza A. Imfucuza yenzalo nguhlobo A. I-Influenza A ifunyanwa ngabantu, ihagu, kunye neentaka - ingakumbi iintaka zamanzi, njengamadada, i-swans, i-gulls, ne-goose, kodwa neenkukhu, njengenkukhu. Kufumaneka nakwihagu.
I-Bird Flu Mix and Match njani?
Le mix mix mix and match the number of proteins key kwi-particle surface. Ngokukodwa, ezi ziquka iiprotheni ezi-2: i-hemagglutinin (H) ne-neuraminidase (N). Kukho i-hemagglutinin subtypes (ezibhalwe njengeH1-18) kunye ne-11 neuraminidase subtypes (N1-N11). I-Influenza A iintsholongwane zithiwa ngamagama kunye namanani, njengeH7N9 kunye ne-H1N1. Ukukhathazeka kukuba iiprotheni ezingaqhelekanga ze-avian influenza zinokuxuba kwaye zihambelane neengxaki kubantu, zongeza iinguqu zethu zokuzivikela zikwazi ukusiqonda nokusikhusela.
I-Influenza A ingabhekiswa kuyo njengengxaki yomntu, kodwa inokuthi ingabhekiselwa kuyo njengengcinezelo kwiintaka (okanye ihagu). Isilwanyana semvelaphi - idada, inkukhu, abantu, ihagu - iboniswe ukuchonga inxaki.
Ngaba zikhona ezinye iintlobo ze-Avian Flu?
Ewe, ngokukodwa, kukho inkunkuma yeH5N1. Kukho amaqela angaphezu kwe-700 kumazwe angama-15 ukususela ngo-2003. Ukufa kuye kwaba ngama-60%. Intsholongwane ayizange isasazeke phakathi kwabantu. Iimeko zivela ekudibanisaneni neentaka. Uninzi lweemeko zenzeke kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo e-Indonesia, eVietnam, eCambodia naseJiputa. Intsholongwane yabonakala kuqala kubantu baseHong Kong ngo-1997 emva kokuba kubonwe izinga eliphezulu lokufa kweentaka ngo-1996 eningizimu yeKhayini. Intsholongwane yabuye yavela kwakhona ngo-2003.
Amanye amazwe asasazeke ngokubanzi kwe-H5N1 kwizinkukhu zawo kuquka iBangladesh, iChina, iYiputa, iNdiya, i-Indonesia kunye neVietnam. Iintaka zifunyenwe neH5N1 kwiindawo ezininzi zeYurophu kwaye
Afrika.
Enye ifomu yeH5N1 yafunyanwa kwidada yasendle eyayidutshulwa ngoJanuwari 2015 kuMntla-ntshona we-US, e-Washington. Kodwa kwakungenjalo i-H5N1 efanayo neyingozi kakhulu kubantu kwaye kunjalo
Akucaci ukuba yisiphi isifo esiza kubangela abantu. Kukho ngokufanayo ukuhlaselwa kwe-H5N1 eBrithani Columbia, eCanada kwindlaba yeenkukhu ezingasemva kodwa akucaci ukuba ngaba le fomu yeH5N1 yayiza kuba
yingozi kubantu.
Kwakungabikho izifo zabantu ezinxulumene neenkukhu ezitheleleke eMntla Melika. Nangona kunjalo, ukutheleleka kwesinye kwafunyanwa eCanada kumhambi owabuya evela eBeijing, eChina owafa ngoJanuwari 2015. Le yimiba yokuqala kunye neyokuphela kweH5N1 eNyakatho Melika.
Kukho nezinye iintlobo zeevian ezithintele abantu ababandakanyekileyo kubandakanya i-H7N3, H7N7, H9N2, kunye ne-H10N8, nangona udidi lokugqibela lusulele umntu omnye. Kwakukho ukufa ngo-2015 eChina yowesifazane osema-30 avela kwi-H5N6, ngaphandle kweyezinye iimeko ezithintele iintaka.
Uninzi lweemeko ze-Bird Flu, nokuba ngabantu okanye iintaka, zaqala ukubonakala e-Asia, kodwa ngoku zikhona
funyenwe kwihlabathi lonke, ngakumbi kwiinyoni ezifudukayo okanye kwiifama zeenkukhu.