Iifom ze-TB ezisetyenziswayo ezikufutshane kunye neentsholongwane (TB) zifuna unyango ngamayeza aphikisayo, njenge-isoniazid kunye ne-rifampin. Umlinganiselo kunye nobude bomyalelo wakho uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho kunye nempilo yonke, kodwa kufuneka ulindele ukuthatha amayeza akho kwiinyanga eziliqela. Isifo sofuba ngezinye izihlandlo sichasene nemithi yokulwa ne-antibiotic, ngoko kuya kwenzeka ukuba usulelo lwakho alupheli ngokupheleleyo, ingakumbi ukuba imiyalelo ingalandelwa kwileta.
Ngenhlanhla, abaninzi abantu abanesifo se-TB abagula. Bahlala kwiibhaktheriya, kodwa abanalo iimpawu kwaye abaxhatshazwayo.
Imigaqo
Imithi ye-antibiotics iyona ndlela kuphela yokuphatha isifo sesifo sofuba, kodwa ikhosi efunekayo ayifani neyodwa into enokumiselwa esinye isizathu. Ulwaphulo lwe-antibiotiki yesifo sofuba lufaniswa nesimo sengqondo somntu ngamnye kunye nempilo jikelele, kodwa kuya kuhlala iinyanga ezininzi kwixesha elide. Ukongezelela, unokufuneka uthabathe amanyathelo omzimba.
TB ezayo
Nangona i-TB engenayo ingakwazi ukusasazeka kwabanye, abo banalo mngcipheko wokuhlawula isifo esisisigxina esinesibini kunye nesifo esithintekayo. Phantse iipesenti ezi-3 ukuya kuma-5 ekhulwini labantu abane-TB efihlakeleyo bahlakulele i-TB esebenzayo ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokuvavanya okulungileyo; malunga neepesenti ezi-5 ukuya kuma-15 ekhulwini ziphuhlisa emva koko.
Ukufumana unyango malunga nokusuleleka kwe-TB efihlakeleyo kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba oku.
Ugqirha wakho uza kukubeka kwikota yeenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kweyesithoba. Olunye unyango lunenyanga ezintathu ze-rifampin, enye inkunkuma yomlomo.
TB e sebenza
I-TB esebenzayo idla ngokuphathwa kunye kunye neyeza ezine kwiiveki ezisibhozo ukuya kwezi-ezisibhozo, zilandelwa ngamachiza amabini kwixesha elipheleleyo leenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kweyesithoba.
Ukongeza kwi-isoniazid kunye ne-rifampin, irejimen iquka nehambutol kunye ne-pyrazinamide.
Imilinganiselo yalezi zonyango iya kugqitywa nayiphi na enye imicimbi enempilo onokuyenza kunye namanye amayeza onokuyithatha. Izigulane zithatha imishanguzo ye-anti-anti-virus ye-HIV, umzekelo, ingafuna ukutshintsha amayeza ukuze ugweme iziphumo ezibi. Ubude bexesha lonyango lunokutshintshwa ngokusekelwe kwezi zinto.
Imiphumela
Ezi unyango lwe-TB zingaba nemiphumo emibi, ongayenza ngayo kuxhomekeke kwiziyobisi ozithathayo kunye nobubele bakho kubo. Ngokombutho we-American Lung Association, iziphumo ezibi zingabandakanya oku kulandelayo. Qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo le nto okanye enye into engavamile:
- Ukungabi nesidlo
- I sizathu
- Ukuvutha
- Ukuqhwala kwesikhumba okanye amehlo
- Umkhuhlane weentsuku ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu
- Intlungu zesisu
- Iminwe okanye iminwe
- Ukugqithisa isikhumba
- Ukulapha okulula okanye ukutyhafaza
- Amalungu
- Utywala
- Ukulinganisa okanye ukuphazamisa emlonyeni
- Ukugqatshwa okanye ukutshintsha umbono
- Ukubetha ezindlebeni
- Ukulahleka kokuva
Mngeni
Uya kuba novavanyo lwexesha elizeleyo ukuze ubone ukuba iyeza lakho lisebenza. Ezi zibandakanya igazi, i-phlegm, okanye i-urine test, kunye ne-X-rays esifubeni. Imfuno yale mingcipheko emininzi.
Xa i-antibiotic ihluleka ukubulala yonke ibhaktheriya ekujoliswe kuyo, ibhaktheriya esele ingakwazi ukumelana naloo mziyo.
Oku kunokukwenzeka kwonyango nasiphi na isifo se-bacterial, kodwa ingakumbi umcimbi ngesifo sofuba. Ukuba, ngokusebenzisa le mvavanyo, ugqirha wakho uyasifaka ukuba ukhuseleko lwakho aluphuculanga njengoko lithemba, i-dosage yakho, ubude bonyango okanye okanye izilwanyana ezisetyenziswayo zingatshintshwa.
Ukuxhathisa kubaluleke kakhulu xa i-TB ingayiphenduli kokubili i-isoniazid kunye ne-rifampin, izidakamizwa ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa ukulawula eso sifo. Xa oku kwenzeka, lakho ityala libizwa ngokuba yi -TB engaxhatshazwayo ye-TB (i-MDR TB) .
Ukuqhubela phambili ukuxubusha imiba, ezinye iintlobo ze-TB azixhatshali kuphela kumagciwane okuqala, kodwa ukhetho olulandelayo olusetyenziswe xa kunjalo, njengama-fluoroquinolones kunye neyeza ezinomjovo, i-amikacin, i-kanamycin kunye ne-capreomycin.
Ezinye izilwanyana ezimbini, i-bedaquiline kunye ne-linezolid, zijongwa njengonyango olongezelelweyo kwiinkqubo zokudibanisa iziyobisi ezikhoyo.
Xa i-TB engaxhatshali kuwo onke amayeza, ibizwa ngokuba yi -TB engapheliyo ye-TB (XDR TB) .
I-TB engaxhatshazwayo ye-TB ingenzeka xa isigulane singagqiba ikhondo elipheleleyo leyonyango (mhlawumbi bayaphuthelwa amayeza okanye bayeke ikhosi ngokukhawuleza), okanye xa ababoneleli bezempilo banikezela umthamo ongalunganga okanye ixesha le-antibiotic. Ukuchasana kuqhelekileyo kubantu abane-HIV. I-TB ye-MDR kunye ne-XDR TB zixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe apho izidakamizwa zihlala ziphantsi kobuhlwempuzekileyo okanye azifumaneki nhlobo.
Ukuba unenkathazo yokuthatha amayeza akho njengoko uyalelwe, xelela umboneleli wakho wezempilo.
Ukuthintela ukuThuthwa
Ukuba une-TB echaphazelekayo, kuya kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo okukhusela ngexesha lokunyanga ukukhusela eso sifo:
- Hlala ekhaya de ukuba umniki-nkonzo wakho uthi unokubuyela esikolweni okanye emsebenzini.
- Gwema ukusebenzisana nabanye abantu ngokubanzi kunokwenzeka ukuba ugqirha uthe unokuba neendwendwe. Ugqoke imaski yokugada xa ushiya ikhaya okanye unabatyeleli.
- Beka zonke izicubu ezisetyenzisiweyo kwisikhwama sokugqithwa esivaliweyo ngaphambi kokulahla.
- Musa ukwabelana ngesitya okanye i-brush teeth kunye nabani na omnye; hlamba izandla rhoqo.
- Njalo ulandele imiyalelo yesigqirha sakho malunga nendlela yokuthatha iyeza lakho kwileta.
Uyakucelwa ukuba ulandele le miqathango kuze kube yinto ecacileyo ukuba uphendule unyango kwaye awusayi kukhwehlela. Emva kweveki okanye ezimbini zonyango kunye ne-antibiotiki echanekileyo, abaninzi abantu abanako ukusasazeka kwesi sifo. Ukuba uhlala okanye usebenze nabantu abasengozini enkulu (njengabantwana abancinci okanye abantu abane-AIDS), unokufuna ukuba i-sputum yakho ihlolwe ukuba yintoni na ukuba ingozi yokusasaza intsholongwane idlule.
Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo abayifuni ukubhedlelelwa unyango kule mihla. Izibhedlele zihlala zicetyiswa kuphela kubantu abanesifo esibalulekileyo, abahlala kwiimeko ezikufutshane, okanye abanakho indawo efanelekileyo yokuhamba (umakhaya, umzekelo).
Isigulane se-TB esibhedlele sinokukhutshwa kwikhaya ngelixa sisasasazeka, asiboneleli mntu kwikhaya lomntu usemngciphekweni omkhulu we-TB esebenzayo (abagulayo, abakhulileyo okanye abantwana).
Abantu abafumanisa nzima ukukhumbuza ukuthatha iipilisi zabo bavame ukufumana unyango oluchanekileyo ngqo (DOT), apho unonophelo lwempilo unikela ngemithi yonke imihla kwaye ilindile isigulane.
Ukuba uhlala okanye usebenze nomntu onesifo esisebenzayo okanye unesistim sokuzivikela, tshela ugqirha wakho malunga nokuhlolwa kwe-TB.
Ekugqibeleni, ngelixa kukho isitofu sokukhusela i-TB, ebizwa ngokuba yi-bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), ayisoloko isetyenziswa eUnited States. Ngamanye amaxesha kunconywa abantu abasebenza kwizibhedlele okanye kubantwana abahlala bebonakaliswa kubantu abadala abane-TB esebenzayo okanye i-TB engaxhatshazwayo ngamachiza amaninzi, kodwa ayikho imigaqo eqhelekileyo.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Ulwahlulo lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo. Isifo sofuba (TB).
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. I-TB engaxhatshaliyo ye-TB. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/drtb/default.htm
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Ukuhlala ekulandeleni ngesifo seTyhuseki . https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/pamphlets/tb_trtmnt.pdf
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Unyango lweSifo se-TB. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/tbdisease.htm
> I-Library yeJohn Hopkins Health. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/infectious_diseases/tuberculosis_tb_85,P00654
> I-Merck Manual, I-Consumer Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/tuberculosis-and-leprosy/tuberculosis-tb#v785390
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Isifo sofuba. http://www.who.int/tb/en/