Izifo Zokuqhawula
Ukuba uwake wakuva "mono," ngoko uyazi ubuncinane "isifo sokubanga". I-Mononucleosis (mono) mhlawumbi yenye yezona zifo ezixhaphakileyo kakhulu ezichaphazelekayo phakathi kolutsha. Ngelixa abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba banokufumana isifo sesandulela ngculazi kwisini, kukho ezininzi iintsholongwane ezingasasazeka ngokumanga nje kuphela.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo kwiSaliva
Izifo ezithintekayo zingasasazeka ngeendlela eziliqela zokusasaza. Ukudluliselwa komlomo kubhekiselele ekusasazweni kwemibhobho nge-saliva okanye ukutya kunye neziphuzo ezabelwana ngazo. Xa umntu engozini edla izinto ezinokungcola ezinjenge-microbe, ezinjengomthi ngexesha lokumanga, isenzo sokugwitywa kweelwimi susa i-microbes ngasemva komqala, okuvumela ukuba i-microbe ingene emzimbeni. Izifo, ezifana ne-mononucleosis ezibangelwa yi-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), kunye ne- cytomegalovirus (CMV) , imizekelo yezosuleleko zisasazwa ngokudluliselwa komlomo kwi-saliva ene-virus.
Ezinye izilwanyana ezithathelwanayo ezityaliswa ngamathambo zenza njalo ngokubambelela kumgangatho wangaphakathi wezihlathi kunye nomlomo, ulwimi, okanye amazinyo. Umzekelo yi-britterium Streptococcus , enokubangela izifo ezithintekayo, kuquka isifo segum kunye ne- strep throat .
Into ebalulekileyo ukugcina engqondweni kukuba iindawo zokuphefumula (impumlo, umlomo, nomphimbo) ziyaqhubeka kwaye zenziwe ngamancuba afanayo.
Ngenxa yoko, ii-microbes ezifunyenwe ematheni zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwezinye iindawo zomphefumlo wokuphefumula, kuquka impumlo nomqala. Ngoko ke, kubanda kunye nomkhuhlane (kunye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula) zinokuthi zisasazeka nge-saliva.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezivela emlonyeni womlomo
Ezinye izifo ezenza izilonda emlonyeni zinokusasazeka ngokumanga.
Ezi ziquka izilonda ezibandayo kunye nesandla, unyawo, nesifo somlomo.
Izilonda ezinobungozi zibangelwa yi- herpes virus, ngokuqhelekileyo i-herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). Nangona idibeneyo, oku kuhluke kwintsholongwane ye-herpes simplex-2 (i-HSV-2), eyona nto ixhaphake ngokuqhelekileyo kunye ne-herpes yomzimba. Ngokuchasene nokusuleleka kwintsholongwane, i-HSV-1 isasazeka ngezilonda ezibandayo emlonyeni okanye kufuphi nomlomo. Nangona usuleleko lusuleleka kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo esibandayo, usulelo luyaxhatshazwa xa isifo sivulekile kwaye siphuphuma.
Isandla, unyawo, nesifo somlomo, esibangelwa yi- Coxsackie virus, sisinye isifo esisasazekayo esasasazeka ngezilonda ezivulekileyo emlonyeni. Olu luhlobo lwe- enterovirus , oluyintsholongwane exhaphakileyo enemizila emininzi esivame ukuba nayo. Olu sulelo oluthile luqhelekile kubantwana, ngakumbi abo basesikweni samasitoreji okanye izicwangciso zokuqala. Isasazeka ngokubanzi ngendlela yomlomo . Oko kuthetha ukuba ukhona emanzini kwaye uyadluliselwa emlonyeni xa abantu behlamba izandla zabo emva kokuchasana okanye ukutshintsha idiapers.
Ngokungafaniyo nezilonda ezibandayo kunye ne-coxsackievirus blisters, izilonda ze-canker azikho izifo ezithathelwanayo kwaye azikwazi ukusasazeka ngomnxeba okanye kumanga.
I-HIV kunye ne-Hepatitis B kwi-Saliva
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye ne- hepatitis B (i-HBV) i-blood-borne and infections transmitted in the stali. Ukubamba, ngokuqhelekileyo, kungabonwa ngengozi yokudluliselwa kwe-HIV. Kuya kuba ngumngcipheko kuphela xa kuphuma igazi okanye izilonda ezivulekileyo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B nge-saliva kuye kwaqulunqwa, nangona isifo sisasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo okanye igazi.
Okwangoku, ezinye iintlobo ze-hepatitis azihambelani nokumanga. I-Hepatitis A idinga uhlobo oluthile lwe-exposure fecal (olubandakanya amanzi angcolileyo okanye i-anilingus) kunye nesifo se- hepatitis C sifuna ukunyuka kwegazi.
Ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-hepatitis A okanye iC ingasasazwa ngokubanga ukuba kukho izilonda ezivulekileyo okanye intsiko evulekile emlonyeni, kodwa ingenakwenzeka.
Iinkqubo zoKhuselo lweMveli eMveli eMlonyeni
I-Saliva inendima yokucoca, yenziwa ngumsebenzi wayo wokucoca. Ezinye izixhobo zokuvikela i-antimicrobial kwi-sali ziquka ii-antibodies kunye nezinye iiprotheyini ezinomsocoko (ezifana ne-lysozyme), kunye nemifuno yomlomo eqhelekileyo (ibhaktheriya "elungileyo" evimbela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya "ezimbi"). Unayo zonke iintlobo zeevayirasi ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wakho ngamanye amaxesha, kuquka emlonyeni wakho.
Ukusabalala kwezilwanyana ezithathelwanayo nge-saliva kuya kwenzeka xa ukunyanzeliswa kwemvelo emlonyeni kuncitshiswa. Ngokomzekelo, izifo zentsholongwane zenzeke kubantu abaneentsilelo ze-vitamin C. Ukutshitshiswa, okubangelwa yi-candida (imvubelo) ukusuleleka, kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke kubantu abaye bathatha ii-antibiotics.
> Umthombo:
> Aronson MD, i-Auwaerter PG. I-Mononucleosis echaphazelekayo kuBantu abadala kunye ne-Adolescents. Ku: UkuPhakamisa. UMitty J (uMhl.).
> I-Hepatitis B Imibuzo ye-Heath Professionals. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/hbvfaq.htm#ukunyangwa.
> Ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html.