Ingqwalasela ye-Hepatitis C
I-Hepatitis C isifo esithathelwanayo sesibindi esibangelwa yintsholongwane ye - hepatitis C (i-HCV) . Ngokuqhelekileyo usasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano kunye negalelo legazi, kodwa linokudluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo okanye ususwe kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa .
I-Hepatitis C isifo esiqhubekayo esincinci esingaba nobunzima ukusuka kwisifo esifana nesifo sengculazi esihlala ixesha elide kwiimeko ezinzima, ezinobomi obungonakalisa intsholongwane.
Kwiimeko ezininzi ezintlanu, intsholongwane iya kucacisa ngokukhawuleza emva kokusuleleka, kungabikho nentsholongwane ebonakalayo yintsholongwane egazini. Kwalabo abasetyholongwane bahlala khona, zikhona ezimbalwa, ukuba zikhona, iimpawu zokugula iminyaka-kwamashumi eminyaka-emva kokusuleleka kosuleleko. Ezinye izifo, enyanisweni, azizange ziqhubeke.
Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwama-10 ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini lamatyala, i-hepatitis C ingaqhubela phambili kwiimeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi- cirrhosis apho isibindi sonakaliswe kakhulu ukunciphisa amandla okusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Oku kungaqhubela phambili kwisiteji esibizwa ngokuba yi -cirrhosis ehlawulisiweyo apho isibindi singabasebenzi.
I-Hepatocellular carcinoma (uhlobo lomhlaza wesibindi) luyabonakala ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimeko eziphambili ze-hepatitis C, kunye namazinga aphezulu ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamaxesha angama-17 ewonke jikelele.
Iintlobo ze-Hepatitis C
Ukususela ngexesha lokufumanisa kwaloo-1980, izazinzulu ziye zakwazi ukuchonga ubuncinane i-HCV ezili-11 ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezibizwa ngokuthi i- genotype . Iinqununu ze-HCV ezi-6 eziphambili zihanjiswa ngokungalingani kulo lonke ihlabathi, kunye neentlobo ezininzi kwiindawo ezithile.
E-United States, i-HCV ye-genotype 1 i-akhawunti engama-80 ekhulwini kuwo onke ama-infections, elandelwa yi-genotypes 2 kunye no-3. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-genotype 4 yinto ephezulu kakhulu e-Afrika nakwi-Middle East, ngelixa i-genotypes 5 ne-6 zidlalwa kumzantsi Afrika kunye neAsia, ngokulandelanayo.
Ukuchongwa kwe-genotype kubalulekile ekuboniseni nje kuphela isi sifo, kodwa ekunqumeni ukuba zeziphi iziyobisi eziza kusebenza ngokusemandleni ekulwa nomgangatho othile wentsholongwane.
Izigaba ze-Hepatitis C Infection
Inkqubo yokusuleleka kwe-HCV ayinakulinganiswa kangangoko ekubeni intsholongwane ingakwazi ukucaca kwabanye abantu, ibe yintsholongwane engapheliyo kwabanye, kwaye iqhubele phambili kwisifo esibi kwabanye. Izigaba zentsholongwane nazo ziyahlukahluka kwaye zichazwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengokuba ziba nzima, zihlala ziziqhelo okanye ziphela.
Usulelo olusisigxina lwenzeka emva nje kokuvezwa kwaye lubonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza kweempawu . Kwimeko yesifo se-hepatitis C, iimpawu ziphantse "zithe cwaka," kunye nabantu abancinci kuphela abanokufumana ukugula okufana nobuthathaka, okufana nezifo (ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kweebhozo zokungcola).
Ngexesha lokusuleleka kakubi, i-HCV iya kubhekisela ekujoliswe kuyo kwiiselingi zesibindi ezibizwa ngokuthi i- hepatocytes. Njengoko intsholongwane iphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza-ukuvelisa phezulu kwiiyunithi eziyi-trillion ngokwalo-kungenza umonakalo kwisibindi ngokubulala ngokuthe ngqo i-hepatocytes kunye nokuvuselela i-immune system ukuba ivelise ama-agent-fighting agents abizwa ngokuba ngama- lymphocytes, abulala ama-cell cells.
Kuphi na ukusukela kuma-20 ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini lamatyala, i-HCV iya kucacisa ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi kwithuba leenyanga ezintandathu. Kulabo abangenayo, i-HCV iya kuqhubeka kwaye iqhubele phambili kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yintsholongwane engapheliyo .
Ngexesha lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane engapheliyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-immune system kudala impendulo yokuvuvukala, ekhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-collagen nezinye izinto. Ezi zinto, zithetha ukuqinisa ukwakhiwa kwesibindi, ngokukhawuleza zakha ngokukhawuleza kunokuba umzimba ungawaphula. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le nkqubo ibangela ukuqokelela kwezicubu ezibomvu, ezikhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-cirrhosis malunga nama-10 ukuya kwe-15 ekhulwini labantu abangenasifo.
Ukuphela kwesigaba se-hepatitis C sichazwa ngokucacileyo njengesigaba sesifo apho umngcipheko wokufa kufonyelwa ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwesibindi, umhlaza wesibindi, okanye iingxaki ezinxulumene nesibindi ezifana nokuhluleka kwezintso. I-cirrhosis ye-Decompensated kunye ne-hepatocellular carcinoma yimiqathango ebini yezona ziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ekupheleni kwe-HCV. Iziphumo kubo bobabini zihluphekile, zithwele umlinganiselo weminyaka emihlanu yokusinda kwama-50 ekhulwini kunye neepesenti ezingama-30, ngokulandelanayo.
Ukutshintshwa kwesibindi kuthathwa njengendlela efanelekileyo yokwenza izigulane ezinezifo zesibindi sokugqibela, nangona i-HCV yaziwa ukuba iphinde ibe ngama-80 ekhulwini amatyala.
Ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwe-Hepatitis C
Usulelo lwe-Hepatitis C luqinisekiswa ngumvavanyo olula wegazi ofumana iiprotheni ezikhuselayo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi- antibodies , ezithile kwi-virus. Ngokomyinge, kuthatha iiveki ezintandathu ukuya kweebhozo ukuze umzimba uvelise ama-antibodies anele ukuvavanywa ukuba kuthathelwe ingqiqo. Ukongeza kwimizuzu yokunyamekela kwinqanaba lokunyamekela, iimvavanyo ezikhawulezayo ziyafumaneka ngoku, eziza kuzisa iziphumo kwimizuzu engama-30.
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Ukuthatha iHarvoni (ledipasvir / sofosbuvir) ye-Hepatitis C
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IiNkqubo zoNcedo kulabo abangenako ukuphazamisa i-Hepatitis C
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C okwangoku kunconywa kubo bonke abantu abadala abasengozini enkulu yokusuleleka , kunye nawuphi na umntu ozalwa phakathi kweminyaka ye-1945 no-1965.
Unyango lwe-hepatitis C ukhuthazwa ngokubanzi xa umntu ebonisa iimpawu zesibindi sokuvuvukala. Ikhosi kunye nobude bexesha lonyango lugqitywe yi-genotype yintsholongwane yomntu, kunye nesigaba sokufumana isifo.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis C ayizange ibe yinto emfutshane, ingakumbi xa ucinga ukuba i-HCV yachongwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1989. Namhlanje, i -anti-virus (DAAs) esandula ngokutsha isifo esicacileyo kwaye idinga ixesha elifutshane lokunyanga, lichaphazela unyango amazinga angaphezulu kwama-99 ekhulwini kumaqela athile.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafani ne- hepatitis A okanye i-hepatitis B , akukho sisitofu sokukhusela ukukhulelwa kwe-hepatitis C.
Izibalo zeSizwe kunye ne-Global Hepatitis C
Ehlabathini lonke, abantu abaphakathi kwe-150 ukuya kwi-200 yezigidi zabantu abanesifo esingapheliyo nesifo se-hepatitis C, okanye malunga neepesenti ezintathu zelizwe jikelele. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwezonyango lubonakala eNyakatho Afrika, eMbindi Mpuma, nakwi-Central and East Asia.
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kusetyenziswa yindlela ephambili yokusuleleka kumazwe athuthukileyo, iinkqubo zonyango ezingenakunikwa-ingakumbi i-injection engakhuselekanga-zibhekwa njengeyona nto ibangela i-hepatitis C kwilizwe elikhulayo.
EUnited States, i-hepatitis C namhlanje isifo esinoxhaphake kakhulu segazi, esichaphazelekayo malunga nezigidi ezingama-2 zaseMerika (okanye malunga neepesenti eziyi-1.5 yabantu abadala). I-akhawunti yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezisetyenziswayo kwi-80 yeepesenti zonke iimeko, zilandelwa ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo (iipesenti ezili-10), ukudluliselwa komama ukuya komntwana (iipesenti ezi-4), kunye nokulimala kwenaliti (iipesenti ezi-2).
Phantse abantu abathathu baseMerika abaphila ne-hepatitis C namhlanje bazalwa phakathi ko-1945 no-1965, ngenxa yokuxilongwa kwegazi. Ukuqhubela phambili kwiinkqubo zokuhlola ukunciphisa umngcipheko onjalo kungaphantsi kwesinye kwezigidi ezimbini.
Nangona izinga lokusuleleka kwe-US ngonyaka lizinzile kwiimeko ezingama-17 000 ngonyaka, inani lokufa liye landa, lifumana i- HIV / AIDS njengobangela obangela ukufa kwabantu abadala.
Ehlabathini lonke, i-hepatitis C ibangela ukufa ngaphezu konyaka kunyuka i-HIV kunye nesifo sofuba.
> Imithombo:
> Umbutho waseMerika wokuFundisisa iSifo seNtsholongwane (AASLD). Ukuvavanya iMithwalo ye-Global and Regional Burden of Liver Disease. EWashington, DC; ukukhutshwa kogcino kukhutshwa ngoNovemba 3, 2013.
> Holmberg S, Ly K, Xing J, et al. Umthwalo okhulayo wokufa ohlanganiswe ne-Viral Hepatitis e-United States, 1999-2007. Umhlangano wonyaka we-62 we-American Association we-Study of the Liver Disease (AASLD 2011); Esan Francisco; NgoNovemba 4-8, 2011, ingqiqo 243.
> AmaZiko eNational Health. I-Hepatitis C yeVirus Infection. Rockville, Maryland; gqibela ukuhlaziywa ngo-Oktobha 28, 2014.
> I-US Preventive Services Task Force. IsiHlomelo soHlolo lokugqibela: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C. Rockville, Maryland; papashwa ngoJuni 2013.