Ukuqonda iMicrosoft and Qualifications for Transplantation
Ukufakela kwesibindi ngamanye amaxesha kukhethwa yonyango kuphela kubantu abanesifo esibi okanye esingasigxina sesibindi. Ukuqhubela phambili ekutshalweni kwesibindi kuye kwabangela ukufikelela kwezinga eliphezulu lokuphila, kunye nama-58% wabamkeli abasinda kwiminyaka eyi-15.
Ukugqithiswa kwesibindi kuqale kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960, nangona bahlala bezama kakhulu ukuya kuma-1980 xa kwakukho iindlela zokucwangcisa ezingcono kunye neendlela ezingcono zokuthintela ukurhoxiswa kwamalungu.
Namhlanje, ukudluliselwa kwesibindi ngaphezu kwama-6,000 kwenziwa rhoqo ngonyaka.
Izizathu zokukhuthaza ukuTyhulwa kwesibindi
Ngenxa yokuba ukunyuka kwesibindi kuyabiza kwaye kunobungozi obukhulu, oogqirha bancomeka nje kuphela njengesigqibo sokugqibela. Oku kuya kwenzeka xa isibindi singasasebenzi, kwaye iingxaki ezinobungozi besibindi azikwazi ukulawulwa.
Phakathi kwezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokufakelwa kwesibindi:
- I-cirrhosis yokuphela kwesigxina kunoma yiphina isizathu, kubandakanya i-hepatitis B okanye i-C, i-cirrhosis yobunxilisayo kunye nesifo esingasinxilisayo sesibindi. Nangona i-cirrhosis ngokwayo ayibonakaliso sokutshintshwa, iimpawu zokuhlawula (ezifana nokukhulelwa kwegazi, i-varice yegazi, okanye i- ascites ).
- Ezinye iisifo zomdlavuza , i-cholangiocarcinoma, i-hepatocellular carcinoma (i-HCC), i-hepatocellular malignancies kunye ne-adenomas ye-hepatic.
- Ukungaphumeleli kwe-hepatic ngenxa ye-virus ye-viral hepatitis (A, B, D kunye ne-C), ukuhluleka kwesibindi, ukuxhaphazwa kwesibindi, isifo seWilson okanye ezinye izizathu.
- Ukusebenza kakubi kwee-bile ducts, okubangelwa kwi-cirrhosis ye-biliary kunye ne-sclerosing cholangitis.
Ukufaneleka koTywala lokuTyhila
Akumangalisi ukuba abantu abaninzi badinga ukunyuka kwesibindi kunokuba zikhona ukutshintshwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, iingcali zomgaqo-nkqubo wezempilo ziye zaqulunqa umzekelo weModeli yeSigxina seSigxina seSibindi (I-MELD) , i-algorithm isebenzisa ukuhlola ubunzima besifo esingasigxina sesifo kunye nokuncedisa izigulane zokutshintshwa.
Ezinye iindlela zokuzimisela zingasetyenziselwa, kubandakanywa neMigqaliselo yaseMilan , efanelwe umntu ngokusekelwe ngokukodwa ngobukhulu kunye / okanye inani leetyonda zesibindi (oko kukuthi, akukho mkhulu kunama-centimeters amahlanu, okanye akukho ngaphaya kweesithathu izilonda ezilinganayo okanye ngaphantsi 3 cm ubukhulu).
Nangona ukuguqulwa kunokuba kuthathwa njengento esebenzayo kunoma yimuphi umgudu okhuseleyo okanye ongapheliyo obangela ukungabikho kwesibindi esingapheliyo kunye nesigxina, kunokubakho ubuninzi beendlela zokuthatha izigqibo.
Umbutho e-US ojongene nabantu abalinganayo kunye nezibambiso ezifumanekayo yi-United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo isebenza phantsi kwesivumelwano soburhulumente baseburhulumenteni ukuba bafanise kwaye banike amalungu.
Ukutshatyalaliswa koTshintshiso lweZibindi
Ukutshatyalaliswa kokufakelwa kwesibindi yilabo abanokunyusa amathuba okufa kommkeli okanye mhlawumbi kubangele ukungaphumeleli okanye ukulahlwa ukutshintshwa. Phakathi kwezinye zeengqinisiso ezipheleleyo zokufakelwa kwezinto:
- Utywala okanye utywala
- Isifo senhliziyo okanye isifo somphunga
- Amanomdla (engabandakanyekanga i-cancer yesibindi okanye umdlavuza wesikhumba esingenayo i-melanoma)
- Ukukhubazeka okuninzi kunye nokuzala okuza kubangela ukufa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi
- Ezinye izifo ezingalawulwayo okanye izifo ezisongela ubomi
Kukho nenani leenkcazo ezichaseneyo , ezibizwa ngokuba ziyakwazi okanye zingangqinani unyango olusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwesinye okanye izinto ezininzi, kubandakanya:
- Ubudala obudala (iminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka engama-65)
- Ukuhluleka kweengso
- Ukutyeba kakhulu
- Ukungondleki kakhulu
- INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO (nangona iimeko ezingekho phantsi kwezigulane ezilawulwa yi-viral control)
- Ixinzelelo lomngcipheko ophezulu
- Ubunzima, ukungalawulwa (okanye kungaphendulwanga) izifo zengqondo
Imithombo:
I-American Liver Foundation. "Olongezelelweyo Ngomnikelo Wemizimba." ENew York, eNew York; hlaziywa ngoJanuwari 15, 2015.
Duffy, J .; Vardanian, A .; Bhenjamin, E; okqhubekayo. "Iingxaki zokuTshintshelwa kwesibindi kwi-Hepatocellular Carcinoma kufuneka zandiswe." Annals of Surgery. Septemba 2007; 246 (3): 502-511.
Iruzubieta, P .; Crespo, J .; kunye ne-Fabrega, E. "Ukusinda Kwangexesha Elide Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwesibindi kwiNtsholongwane yoTywala." I- World Journal ye-Gastroenterology. Disemba 28, 2013; 19 (48): 9198-9208