I-Enteroviruses i-Awfully Common
Ii-entryoviruses ziqhelekileyo iintsholongwane. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-enterovirus ezivela kwiintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo - njengezandla zesikhumba kunye nezifo eziqhelekileyo - kwiintsholongwane ezibulalayo kwaye ezinqabileyo-ezifana ne-polio kunye ne-encephalitis. Enye ingxaki, i-Enterovirus-D68 okanye i-EV-D68, yafumana ingqwalasela eninzi njengoko isasaza isifo sokuphefumula ekupheleni kuka-2014.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-EV-71 lunokubangela iingxaki ze-neurologic ezifana ne-encephalitis, eye yabonakala ekugqibeleni kweTshayina kwaye ngelanga ngenjongo yokuba izitofu ziye zaphuhliswa (kwaye zikhona) zikhona (kodwa azifumaneki e-US).
Iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo malunga ne-Enterovirus D-68
Ngo-2014, njengoko abantwana bebuyela esikolweni, intsholongwane isasazeka ngokukhawuleza e-US. Kwakuqala ukuphawula eMissouri kwaye kwasasazeka kulo lonke iMidwest ukuya kwi-South kunye ne-Northeast kunye nalo lonke ilizwe. Ikhathazeke ngokukodwa kubantu abane-asthma.
- Uninzi lwachaphazelekayo ngabantwana
- Abantwana abane-asthma besengozini enkulu
- Geza izandla ngeesepha kunye namanzi (ungabaniki i-sanitizers)
- Intsholongwane inokuhlala ihlala kwiindawo zokudibanisa, ii-worknobs, amathoyizi xa echaphazelekayo
- Uninzi lwabantwana abagulayo abanalo umkhuhlane
- Abanye abantwana banenkinga yokuphefumula kwaye bafuna ukuya esibhedlele
- Akukho sitofu okanye unyango oluthile. Uninzi luphucule ngokukhawuleza
- I-entryoviruses zigulo eziqhelekileyo. I-D-68 yinto enqabileyo.
- Ezinye iziganeko zidibaniswa nobuthakathaka besifo okanye ukukhubazeka
- Ezinye iziganeko zinzulu, kodwa ixabiso lokufa aliphezulu kunezinye ezininzi izifo zokuphefumula.
Ezisiseko
Ii-entryoviruses ziqhelekileyo iintsholongwane. Ziqhelekile nangona singayiva ngeziqhambuka. Noko ke, kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kweso sifo.
Izigidi ezili-10 ukuya ku-15 zitshatyalaliswa yimimandla eyahlukeneyo ngonyaka kwi-US. Akukho zodwa unyango. Akukho sitofu kwi-US ye-enteroviruses, ngaphandle kwe-polio, engasebenzi kwi-EV-D68. Kwamanye amazwe kukho izitofu zenye iindidi ezahlukileyo, ngaphandle kwepolori.
Uninzi lwe-enterovirus lubangela ukuba kungabikho iimpawu - okanye ininzi kuphela ngumkhuhlane okanye kubanda - kwaye akukaze kuchongwe.
Kukho ama-syndromes enamandla ahambelana namacandelo athile, njenge-EV-D68.
Ukuphefumula: I-Enterovirus D68 EV-D68
Iimpawu ziba njengobanda obuqhelekileyo. I-EV-D68 ingaba kunjalo, ingaba yintsholongwane enkulu efuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Iimpawu ziquka ukuphefumula nokuphefumula. Abaninzi abanakho umkhuhlane. Ngaphantsi kwe-1 kwi-4 wayenomkhuhlane.
Abantwana be-Asthmatic basengozini ephezulu. Abo bebhedlele bebhedlele bebancinci (iiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwi-16) kunye ne-asthmatic (68%).
Nabani na onzima ukuphefumula kufuneka afune ngokukhawuleza unyango. Akukho zodwa unyango. I-oksijeni kunye nokunakekelwa esibhedlele kungafuneka.
Ngo-Agasti 2014, i-Enterovirus-D68 yachongwa kubantwana baseKansas City, eMissouri. Ngo-Oktobha, kwafikelela kumazwe angama-45. Abantwana abangaphezu kwe-1000 babulawe; I-15% yezibhedlele zazifuna unyango olunzulu.
Ngamanye amaxesha iingalo neemilenze zezingane zingabuthathaka, nokuba zikhubazeke, zifana nepholio. Le "i-flaccid paralysis" edibeneyo ne-Enterovirus D-68.
Isi sifo asiqabile emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa kukho ukukhawulelana, kodwa isifo esibi sichaziwe. Kukho iingxelo zokukhubazeka. Nangona ubunzima beli sifo, kwakukho ukufa okumbalwa okuxhomekeke kwintsholongwane. Enyanisweni, i-EV-D68 ifunyenwe kubangela isifo esibi kakhulu, kodwa kungekho ngaphezulu kokufa kunezinye iintsholongwane zokuphefumula, njengama-rhinoviruses (kunye ne-enterovirus).
Ezinye iintlobo
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-enterovirus, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezihlukeneyo emhlabeni jikelele.
Iipolioviruses zi-enteroviruses. Ama-entryoviruses asele engekho-Polio ayahlula kwiindidi ezi-4: i-Coxsackievirus A, i-Coxsackievirus B, i-Echovirus, kunye ne-Enteroviruses. Kukho ii-enteroviruses ezingama-62 ezingekhoyo ipholio.
IRhinvirus
I-Rhinoviruses ibangela ubanda obuqhelekileyo. Amaninzi amaninzi ayenzileyo okanye ayengabonwa. Ezinye iziganeko zinokuthi zenze ingxaki kwaye zibangele izifo ezinokuphefumula. Akukho nonyango oluthile okanye ugonywa. Isasazwa ngamaconsi - afana nokuphefumula kula maxube okanye ngokuthinta izinto ngezandla ezingcolileyo ngala manzi.
Encephalitis
I-Encephalitis ukuvuvukala kwengqondo, kubangele ukhathala, i-comas, ukutshatyalaliswa, ukulahleka kokuhamba okanye ukuququzelela.
I-EV71 yintsholongwane ebalulekileyo e-Asia, kubangela ukuqubuka okukhulu apho, kodwa kungekhona e-US. Kwizinto ezinokubakho zingabangela ukuba iziphumo ze-neurologic, ezinjenge-brain-stem encephalitis ezilibazisa ukuphuhlisa i-neurodevelopment. I-genotype ethile i-C4 ngokukhethekileyo ihambelana nalezi ziqhumane.
Izigodlo ezibini zenzelwe le ngxaki kwaye zibonakala zithembisa-kodwa zodwa kwi-EV71.
Izicwangciso Zezandla Nezifo Zomlomo (HFMD)
Izibhanti zikhula ezandleni, ngamanye amaxesha inyawo, nomlomo ezicacileyo okanye ezimpunga kwaye zijikelezwe ngamathongo abomvu. Ezi zibuhlungu kwaye zihlala ngeveki enye.
I-Coxsackievirus A16 yinkxalabo eqhelekileyo ye-HFMD e-US, ngaphandle kweCoxsackievirus A6 ebangelwe ngo-2011-12. I-Coxsackievirus A6 ibangela izifo ezinzima, ngamanye amaxesha zidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlele.
Herpangina
Amancinci amancinci "Umlomo we-blisters" ukhula emva emlonyeni, kufuphi neetoni, ngesifo somqala kunye nomkhuhlane. Bangaba nesilonda. Blisters baphilisa kwiintsuku ezingama-7-10.
I-Coxsackie A4, 10, 5, 6, 2 ne-3 zidibene.
Myopericarditis
I-Myopericarditis yukuvuvukala kwe-pericardium (isangqa ejikeleze intliziyo) kunye nentliziyo yesisu. Oku kunokubangela ukuphefumla okufutshane, ukukhathala, intlungu yesifuba - ngokuqhelekileyo kulala phantsi. Izigulana zinokuphuhliswa kwentliziyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokungena kwamanzi kwiinyawo kunye nemiphunga. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, umonakalo wentliziyo ungasongela ubomi.
Ingabangelwa yi-coxsackieviruses A4, B3, B2.
I-Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis (AHC)
Amehlo avela ngegazi ngeentsuku ezingama-5-7, ngaphambi kokusombulula, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kweengxaki zamehlo.
I-Coxsackievirus A24 kunye ne-enterovirus 70 zidibene ne-conjunctivitis kunye ne-AHC.
Intsholongwane (aseptic) I-Meningitis
I-Meningitis ukuvuvukala kwamadoda (umlenze ojikeleze ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomthambo). Izigulane zinomkhuhlane, intloko, kunye nokudideka. Bangahle balahleke kwaye banokukhubazeka.
I-Echoviruses 13, 18, ne-30 zidibeneyo.
Ukukhubazeka
I-Enterovirus 70 ayikho nto ibangele ukukhubazeka kwipilisi.
Sepsatal Sepsis
I-sepsis ephezulu ye-neonatal iyenzeka nge coxsackievirus B1.
Pleurodynia
I-Fever neentlungu zesifuba ngokukhawuleza kwiimbambo eziphantsi ukusuka kumonakalo we-muscle.
Inqabile kwaye inxulumene ne-Echovirus 1.
Iziphumo zexesha elide
I-Enteroviruses idibene neZingxaki ze-Autoimmune Disorders. Eminye i-hypothesize Uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela kunye nezinye izifo zingakhula emva kokungenwa kwe-enterovirus.
Ukuthunyelwa
I-enteroviruses engekho-polio itholakala kwi-stool, iso, impumlo, okanye imfihlo yomlomo. Isifo sinokusasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano (ukuxhaphaza), izinto ezichaphazelayo ezichaphazelekayo ("iifomites"), ukutshintsha idiapers, ukusela kwamanzi angcolileyo. Izigulana ziyakwazi ukusabalalisa ezinye iintlobo ngeesitoli okanye kwiimpawu zokuphefumula emva kweeveki emva kokuba iimpawu zigqithise. Umsebenzi okanye ukuncelisa unokuhambisa isifo. Iimpawu zivame ukuvelisa iintsuku ezi-3-6 emva kokuvelela.
Ukungabikho kwabantwana bokungabikho kwangaphambili kunye nokuzikhusela. Kukhona kuphela ukukhuselwa komzimba phakathi kwe-enteroviruses ehlukeneyo; Abantu abadala baye bafumana iintlobo ezininzi.
Izifo
Ngenxa yokuba ukusuleleka kungabangela impawu, hlamba izandla - ingakumbi ngaphambi kokutya, xa usebenzisa izindlu zokuhlambela, ukutshintsha i-diapers, ukutyelela nabani abagulayo.
Geza izandla zakho ngesepha kunye namanzi. I-entryoviruses ayinakukhutshwa kakubi nge-disinfected by sanitizers. Gwema ukuxhaphaza izandla. Isimbozo sinqabisa ngeetyununu okanye kwi-sleeve ephezulu. Indawo ecocekileyo. Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho.
Akukho sitofu e-US. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa nge-PCR. Akukho zodwa unyango.