Isifo se-Chagas sibonisa okokuqala njengento engabalulekanga, isifo esibi esoloko sifana nomkhuhlane. Xa lesi sigaba esiqatha sesifo sisombulula, nangona kunjalo, i-T. cruzi i-parasite inokuqhubeka emzimbeni iminyaka emininzi, nakubantu ababonakala bephilile. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, ngokuphindaphindiweyo eminyaka, iimeko ezingapheliyo zezifo zeChagas ziyakhula, zivelise iingxaki zomzimba, iingxaki zesisu, okanye zombini.
Izimpawu zesifo se-Chagas zixhomekeka ngobunzima befom egugu kunye nokuba umntu osulelekileyo usuqukumbele enye yefom yexesha elide. Esi sifo kubangelwa usulelo lwe- protozoan parasite ebizwa ngokuba yiTrapanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), leyo leyo isasazeka kubantu ngokuluma kwe-triatomine bug.
Isifo se-Chagas sisoloko sibonakala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni yaseLatin America. Kulo mmandla wehlabathi, yimbangela enkulu yokufa komzimba, kunye nokukhubazeka kwintliziyo yesibini kunye nesisu esiswini.
Iimpawu zoBuchule
Emva kokuba umntu evelele kwiT. cruzi, banokugula baze baphume kweveki ukuya kwiinyanga eziliqela emva koko.
I-Flu-Like Illness
Uninzi lwabantu abanesimo esibuhlungu besifo seCasgas asinayo impawu okanye iimpawu ezinzima. Bangakwazi ukuvelisa iimpawu ezinjenge-flu (like mild fever) kunye ne-myalgia (intlungu yesisu).
Nangona le miqondiso ingakwazi ukuqhubeka ixesha elide nje ngeenyanga ezimbalwa, abaninzi abantu abanesifo esisisigxina se-Chagas abazange bafune uncedo lwezonyango kwaye bengazi ukuba baye bafumana iChagas.
Chagoma
Abanye abantu abanesifo esibi kakhulu seChagas bahlakulela indawo yokuqhuma nokuvuvukala kwisiza sokulunywa kwe-triatomine bug, esoloko ikhangele amehlo okanye kwenye indawo ebusweni. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-chagoma, kwaye ukuba iyaqatshelwa, yinto ebalulekileyo into yokuba isifo se-Chagas sibe khona.
Iingxaki
Kwingxenye encinci yabantu-ngaphantsi kwe-1 ekhulwini-isigaba esiqatha sesifo seCasgas singakhula sibe sisifo esibi kakhulu. Aba bantu banokuphuhlisa i-myocarditis (ukuvuvukala kwesisu senhliziyo), i- pericardial effusion , i- meningitis , kunye ne- encephalitis . Isantya sokufa esihambelana nale meko enzima yesifo se-Chagas siphezulu kakhulu.
Iimpawu zokugqibela
Xa isigaba esibucayi sesifo seCasgas sigqiba (ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezili-12 zokusuleleka kosuleleko), abantu abanesifo seT. cruzi bangena kwisigaba esingapheliyo sesifo. Ngaphandle kokuba umntu onesiqhelo sesifo se-Chagas sele efumana unyango oluyimpumelelo ngezilwanyana ezinxamnye ne-antitrypanosal, i-T. cruzi i-parasite idla ngokuqhubekayo emzimbeni ngenxa yesigulane.
Isigaba esingapheliyo sesifo seChagas sihlukelelwe ngeendlela ezimbini: Ifomu engapheliyo, kunye nefom ecacileyo.
Ifomu e-Indeterminate
Cishe wonke umntu onentsholongwane kaT. cruzi ongaphathwa ngexesha lesiganeko sosulelo uza kufaka uhlobo olupheleleyo lweli gciwane iminyaka emininzi-ubuncinane iminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-30. Ngethuba lesigaba esingapheliyo, akukho zibonakalo. Nangona kunjalo, usulelo luyaqhubeka, kwaye i-parasite isaphila egazini.
Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abanesifo esingapheliyo sesifo se-Chagas abajonga kwaye bazive besempilweni basenokusasazisa abanye ngesifo somnikelo okanye umnikelo womzimba. Kwakhona, abafazi abakhulelweyo banokudlulela uT. cruzi ukuya kumntwana wabo ngokudluliselwa kwegazi.
Ukufikelela kuma-70 ekhulwini abantu abanesifo se-T. cruzi baya kuhlala kule nqanaba engagqibekanga yesifo se-Chagas babo bonke ubomi babo, bengakhange bavelise ezinye iimpawu.
Iifom zokuQinisekisa
Emva kweminyaka elishumi okanye ngaphezulu yokuphila kunye nesimo esingapheliyo sesifo seChagas, ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini abantu abanesifo sikaT. cruzi ekugqibeleni baya kubonakalisa enye "yeefom eziqingqiweyo" zesifo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zezifo zeChagas: isifo senhliziyo saseChagas kunye nesifo se-Chagas esiswini.
Isifo Sengqondo seChagas
Isifo senhliziyo saseChagas yindlela yokwenyuka kwengqondo , apho intliziyo ikhulisa ukuzama ukuhlawulela ubuthathaka bentliziyo. Ekugqibeleni, ubuthathaka benhliziyo bukhokelela ekuphelelweni kwentliziyo. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abanesifo senhliziyo saseChagas bafumana lonke uluhlu lweempawu eziqhelekileyo kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo. Ezi ziquka:
- Dyspnea (ukuphefumula okufutshane). I-Dyspnea isoloko ivela ngokugqithiseleyo ngokuzikhandla, kodwa nayo inokwenzeka xa ilala ( orthopnea ), xa iguqa ngaphezulu ( bendopnea ), okanye inokubangela ukuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza ebuthongweni obunzima ( i-dyspnea yomsindo obushushu ).
- Edema . Ukuvuvuka kwemilenze, kwaye mhlawumbi kwesisu, ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye netyuwa eyenzeka ngentliziyo.
- Ukuthathaka nokukhathala. Ukunciphisa umzimba ukunciphisa amandla kunokubangela ubuthathaka obukhulu kunye nokukhathala.
- Lightheadedness. I-Lightheadedness inokubangela ukuphuma kwe-cardiac evela ngenxa ye-heart muscle, okanye i- cardiac arrhythmia .
- Iipilpitations. I-cardiac arrhythmias evame ukudibanisa nokuhluleka kwentliziyo kaninzi ivelisa izibilini.
- Syncope . Ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo kunokubangelwa kwiimpawu eziyingozi ze-cardiac arrhythmias.
- Stroke. I-Stroke idibene nokuhluleka kwentliziyo kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, ngenxa yokunyuka kwegazi.
- Ukufa ngokukhawuleza. Ukufa ngokukhawuleza kwi- tachycardia ye-ventricular okanye i- fibrillation ye-ventricular ixakeka rhoqo kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo.
Izifo zesisu
Isifo sesisu esisifo esibangelwa yi-T. cruzi isifo esingapheliyo asiqhelekanga kunezifo zengqondo kwaye kubangela ukufa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lwesisu esiswini seChagas lunokuvelisa iimpawu ezinzima kwaye lunokwenza nzima ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ezi zimpawu ziquka rhoqo:
- Isihlunu kunye nokuhlanza
- UDysphagia (ubunzima bokugwinya)
- Odynophagia (ukugwinya okubuhlungu)
- Reflux yesisu
- Ukuqothulwa okukhulu
- Megacolon kunye ne-megaesophagus. Isifo esiphezulu se-Chagas sesisu singakhokelela ekuhlanjululeni i-colon (megacolon) okanye isophagus (megaesophagus). Kule meko, iimpawu zokuqhawuka okanye i-dysphagia zinokuba nzima kakhulu ukuba zisongela ubomi.
Ezi ntlobo zempawu zesisu ziphazamisa nabani na, kodwa ubunzima beempawu ezibangelwa ngabantu abanesifo seChagas banokufikelela ngokumangalisayo kwaye kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukunyanga. Ifomu yesisu sesifo esingapheliyo seCasgas sinokuchaphazela ubomi bomntu.
> Imithombo:
> Cardoso RN, iMakedo FY, Garcia MN, et al. I-Chagas Cardiomyopathy Inxulumene Nokuxhamla Kakhulu Kwe-Stroke: I-Meta-Analysis of Studies Observational Studies. Idilesi ye-J ihluleka ngo-2014; 20: 931.
> Rassi A, Rezende JM, Luquetti AO, et al. Izigaba zezonyango kunye neifomu zezifo zeChagas. Ku: I-American Trypanosomiasis (i-Chagas Disease): Iminyaka eyi-100 yoPhando, 1St, i-Telleria J, iTibayrenc M (Eds), uElsevier, Burlington, uMa 2010. P.709.
> Sabino EC, Ribeiro AL, Salemi VM, et al. Ukuxhamla Kweminyaka Eyishumi Ye-Chagas Cardiomyopathy Phakathi kwe-Asymptomatic Trypanosoma Cruzi-I-Seropositive Former Blood Donors. Uhambo luka-2013; 127: 1105.