I-Leishmaniasis encinci iyisifo sokhumba eshiya amanqaku esikhumbeni. Kuye kwafunyanwa ngabanye ababaleki abashiye iSiriya. Oku akumangalisi. Siyisifo esifumaneka kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye sele sifikelele ixesha elide eSiriya.
Yenza izilonda zesikhumba, kodwa, i-Leishmaniasis encinci ayiyonto embi kangangoko ingathi izandi.
I-Leishmaniasis idlalwa ukuba iyingozi yesifo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, kunjalo. Kodwa akuqhelekanga ifom yeCandelo. I-Leishmaniasis encinci ayi-Visceral Leishmaniasis. I-Leishmaniasis encinci ayifuni. Visceral yenza. Ngenxa yokuba bobabini babizwa ngokuba yiLeishmaniasis, bahlala bedidekile.
Iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-Leishmaniasis zibangelwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo (phakathi kwe-21 echaphazela abantu). Kwaye ke, kuninzi uloyiko olungenakuqinisekiswa malunga ne-Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL okanye ngamanye amaxesha i-Cutaneous Leish emfutshane). Uninzi lweziganeko zeLeish eSiriya ziyahlukaniswa. (Ngaphandle kwe-VL kunye ne-CL, kukho kwakhona i-mucocutaneous, efumaneka kakhulu eBrazil, ePeru naseBolivia.
Yintoni i-Cutaneous Leishmaniasis?
I-Leish encinci ichazwa njengentsholongwane yesikhumba "yokuziphilisa kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ishiya intlungu ecinezelekileyo". Oko kukuthi, i-Leish cutaneous ibangela ukuba i-unsightly lame / depress of skin edla ngokungahambi unyango.
Akuqhelekanga buhlungu. Ingaba yinto ebuhlungu, ukuba yayinokusuleleka kwi-bhakteria okanye ingaphezu kwesibindi. Akenzi okungaphezulu kunoko.
Usasazeka njani?
Sandfly uyaluma. Iintlobo ezithile zeSandflies zifunekayo ukuze zisasaze iipasisiti ezibangela iLeish. Ngamanye amaxesha i-parasite isuka kwizilwanyana ukuya kwi-sandfly kumntu.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ixuma umntu kwi-sandfly kumntu.
Iipilisi ezimbini zeLaish ezisasaza ii-CL ziyakwazi ukusasaza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngeefleflies ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, i-parasite i- Leshmania enkulu iyadluliselwa ngu-sandfly Phlebotomus iphepha evela kwisilwanyana eya kubantu. Leishmania. i-tropica idluliselwa ngu-sandfly P. sergenti kumntu ukuya kumntu.
Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu uhamba esuka eSiriya waya e-US, abaza kusasaza intsholongwane ngenxa yokuba i-sandflies ayiyi kuba khona.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kunokusasazeka ngokumpontshelwa igazi.
Ngoko yintoni ingxaki?
(a) Akukho mntu uthanda isiqhekeza
(b) Akukho namnye othanda iimbono zentsholongwane yokutshatyalaliswa okwenyukayo. (Ngethamsanqa, igalelo kuphela nge-sandfly bite)
(c) Amazinga aphakamileyo aseLeish angabhekisela kwimicimbi yococeko kunye nokususwa kwenkunkuma, ukungabikho kokuqhutyelwa okuqhubekayo kwintlanzi (okanye ummiyane), kunye nokugqithisa okuvumela ukuba i-sandflies ivelise kwaye isasaze iLeish phakathi kwabantu okanye phakathi kwabantu kunye nezilwanyana (njengama rats) .
Yayiphi imeko efana neSiriya?
Leish cutan, ebangelwa yiT tropica, yayinomdla ngokukhethekileyo e-Aleppo - kunye ne-L enkulu. ISiriya ibone amatyala angama-30 000 ngonyaka ngaphambi kwemfazwe kwaye ikhulile kwimfazwe (kwaye ngaphambili, ngokwenene).
Ngoko akumangalisi ukuba abanye abantu babeLeish.
I-Iraq sele sele iLeish - L enkulu (kunye ne-Visceral ngaphezulu). ILebhanon, ngokukodwa, ibenokubambisana nalokhu kungeniswa ngokukhawuleza kweLeish emva kokukhululeka kwayo iminyaka elishumi. Ngelishwa ngelinen inqabunga ehambelanayo. (IGrisi nayo inembali yokuba ne-Leish njengoko uAleppo ebenayo - phambi kokuba naluphi na oku).
Kuphathwa njani?
I-Leish eqhelekileyo isoloko iphathwa ngamagciwane amaninzi.
Ukunyamekela kwezigulane ze-CL - nakwii-US - kunokuthetha ukukwenza okulungileyo kwaye nje ubukele ukuphulukiswa kwezilonda ngaphandle kokonyango.
Uthe unyango oluthe ngqo lweLeish alukho lula. Izingozi zingaphaya kweenzuzo, ngokukodwa kwonyango eyinkqubo kwaye ingenayo injected in lesion. Izilonda ezininzi zinokuthi zifakwe kwi-gauze ezingasinceda ukuphepha ukungcola kwamagciwane. Nangona kunjalo, izilonda ezininzi ziphathwa ngamagciwane amachiza athile ngokuthe ngqo kwizilonda. ( Chaza i- y, meglumine i-antimoniate treatment intralesional ). Ezi ngxenwa zingadinga ukuqhutywa ngeveki kuze kufikelelwe ityala. Oku kukwenziwe ngokukodwa kwizilonda ebusweni, njengalezi zinkozo ngokukodwa.
Ngaba kukho ukunganyangeki okanye iimeko ezide?
Kwakhona kukho inkxalabo yokunyuka kwamanyathelo. I-tropica, iintlobo ezivela e-Aleppo, yaziwa ngokuba yinto engapheliyo kunezinye iintlobo kwaye kukho iingxelo zamanye amaxesha anganyangekiyo kunyango.
Ngaba kukho i-Visceral Leishmaniasis?
Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho amaxesha athile anikwe ingxelo ye-Visceral Leishmaniasis. Oku kwakunqabile. Amatyala angama-17 eSiriya ngo-2008. I-Iraq iye yabaninzi. Phakathi kwababaleki baseSiriya, aba-2 bephantse ukuya ku-1000 babeyi-Visceral. Kunzima ukuxilonga, kodwa ukuba le nto ifunyenwe, oku kuya kuba yinkinga eyahlukileyo.
Ziziphi iimanyathelo zokuphepha iiSandflies?
Ukumisa ukusabalala kweLeish, amaSandflies kufuneka ayeke ukubetha abantu abaneentsholongwane kunye nabo bajikelezayo.
Indlela yokwenza:
- I-Sandfly Vector Control (mhlawumbi ukutshiza)
- Ukususwa kwenkunkuma - kumisa i-Sandfly umhlaba wokuzalanisa kunye neenkizi (ezithatha i-L enkulu)
- Iibhondi zeBhedi (akubona bonke bavumelana ngale nto; WHO uthanda)
- Gwema i-Overrow Crowding (njengoko i-sandflies inokungena kwisidlo segazi ukuya kwisidlo segazi)
Iingcali zonyango zinokunciphisa iimeko ezifana neLeish eziseSiriya zisasazeka ngokubanzi kubantu ukuba zikhange i-sandfly kubantu (anthroponotic). Amaxesha amaninzi ahlala kwiindawo ezilunyelwe uluntu, ixesha elide leLeish liya kufakwa.