Ukusebenzisana kwangaphambili kunciphisa umngcipheko we-Infection
Ukuba "intetho" kunye nentombazana yakho inokuhlala kunzima kwiimeko ezintle. Ingakwazi ukuphakamisa ingqiqo enkulu kubantu abadala abaninzi abangaqhelekanga ukuxoxa ngesini kunye nabanye, ubuncinci babo abatsha. Ngokusoloko icelomngeni iinkolelo zokuziphatha kunye nenkolo kwaye ibonisa ukuba kuvunywe ngokukodwa (okanye kwinduduzo) yezesondo zolutsha.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kukho iinkolelo okanye izinto ezixhalabisayo, inye into ehlalayo: ukuphepha ingxoxo evulekileyo neyiyoyiyo malunga nesondo-okanye ukucinga ukuba isikolo somntwana wakho uya kuyinyamekela-kuyiphutha. Imiphumo ayisekho ekukhulelweni okungenakulungiswa kunye nezifo ezithathelwanayo ngesondo (i-STI). Nangona kukho iinkolelo phakathi kwezinye iimeko zokuthi i-HIV ayisona ingxaki eyayiyiyo, abantwana abaselula bahlala besengozini enkulu yokungena kwesi sifo baze basasaze kwabanye.
Nazi izizathu ezihlanu zokuba kutheni ufuna ukuxoxa nge-HIV kunye nentombazana yakho namhlanje.
Iintsholongwane ezininzi zenzeke ngexesha leminyaka elidala
Nangona iifom zentsholongwane zihlala ziphezulu phakathi kwabaselula, ezininzi zezi zifo zenzeke xa umntu esengumntwana wakhe.
Ngokutsho kwamaziko e-United States yokuLawula nokuLawula (i-CDC) , phantse enye kwintsholongwane emine entsha ye-HIV eyenzeka kulutsha oluphakathi kweminyaka engama-13 ukuya ku-24, kwaye elo nani liye laqhubeka likhula ngonyaka-nyaka ukususela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2011.
Ngoxa i-data ibonisa ukuba abatsha abaneminyaka engama-13 ukuya ku-19 babonisa inani eliphantsi kakhulu lokusuleleka kunabantwana abaselula abaneminyaka engama-20-24 (iipesenti ezi-4.8 ukuya kuma-18 ekhulwini), musa ukuvumela la manani akukhohlise. Ngokomphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins, abantu abangaphantsi kwama-45 abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-25 kuphela bafuna unyango xa isifo sabo sifinyelele kwisigaba esiphambili , sichazwa ngokuba ne- CD4 count ewele phantsi kwe-350 cells / mL.
Ngamafutshane, abantu abaza kule nqanaba yokusuleleka baya kuba ne-HIV emihlanu okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka ngaphambili nangona beselula .
Oku kuxhaswa ngedatha evela kwi-CDC ekuqikelelwa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-60 zolutsha kunye nabaselula abasenalo ingqalelo ukuba ngaba sele benesifo okanye bengenayo.
Intsha Eninzi Ayayazi Indlela Yokuzikhusela okanye Ingaba Ayayiqondi Ingozi Yabo
Nazi iinkcukacha: ngokubhekiselele kuphando olupapashwe yi-CDC, malunga nama-47 ekhulwini kwabafundi baseMerika babika ukuba balala ngesondo ngaphambi kokuba baphumelele esikolweni esiphakamileyo, kunye neepesenti ezingama-13 banamaqabane amane okanye ngaphezulu kwezesondo ngaloo minyaka. Kule ndawo, enye yezine yayiyifumana i-STI ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwiminyaka engama-20, ilandelelanisa malunga nezigidi ezi-3 zezigulane ze-STI ezichazwe e-US minyaka yonke.
Ukuxhaswa kwala manani kukuba i-ngaphantsi kwama-50 ekhulwini kwabafundi babika ukusebenzisa ikhondom ngokusesikweni . Nangona zikho izizathu ezininzi zezi zinto, ukudideka malunga nokusetyenziswa kwekhondom kunye neengozi ye- HIV kubonakala kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuba kutheni abantu abaninzi abaselula bebeka ubungozi.
Ngokomzekelo, kwiphando olwenziwa yiSikolo se-Rollins yeMpilo kaLuntu, malunga neyesihlanu kwiikholeji ezineminyaka engama-50 ubudala babika ukuba abazange bafumane imiyalelo malunga neikhondom, ngelixa okwesithathu ayibonakali ukuba uyakwazi ukusebenzisa iikhondom ngokuchanekileyo .
Ukungabikho kolwazi olusisiseko malunga neikhondom kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhondom-ngakumbi phakathi kwamadoda athile kulindeleke ukuba abe nolwazi ngokupheleleyo ngocansi-lugxininiswa yindlela abafundi abaninzi abavame ukuyibeka phambili kwi-HIV xa bethetha okanye bexoxa ngesondo.
Uphando olwenziwa ngo-2014 yi-MAC AIDS Fund lubonise ukuba, ngelixa i-85 ekhulwini yabantwana abaselula bethetha ukuba bafundiswe malunga ne-HIV / AIDS esikolweni esiphakeme, esinye sesithathu esingazi ukuba i-HIV yayisigciwane. Uphononongo olulinganayo lweeBhunga leeNgqongqoshe zezeMfundo eCanada lubonise ukuba ngezizathu ezininzi zokungafani nokulala ngesondo, kuphela iipesenti ezi-1 zamadoda amabakala a-11 kunye ne-1.9 ekhulwini lamabhinqa angama-11 athatyathwa njenge-HIV njengento.
Ngokumane nje, i-HIV ayifaki yonke into ephakamileyo kwiluhlu lwabantwana abaselula.
Intsha Ayinakwenzeka Ukuba Ithethe nge-HIV Ngamanye
Ngona xa abantwana bexhalabele nge-HIV, ngokuqhelekileyo abakhulumi ngayo.
Isifundo esifanayo kwiiBhunga leeNgqongqoshe zezeMfundo safumana ukuba ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabaontanga kwi-HIV kwimeko ephantsi. Kwabafundi abayi-3,627 bebakala abahlolisisiweyo, ama-49 ekhulwini yabesilisa kunye nama-49 ekhulwini amabhinqa abonisa ukukhathazeka malunga nokufumana i-STI, ngoxa ngaphantsi (iipesenti ezingama-47 kunye nama-43 ekhulwini, ngokulandelana) babekhathazekile nge-HIV.
Nangona kunjalo, iipesenti ezi-6 kuphela zamadoda amabakala a-11 kunye neepesenti ezili-9 zamabhinqa angama-11 athetha ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye nabani na bahlobo babo.
Esinye sezizathu zezi zinto zinokuba zizinto ezintle ezingqondweni zentsholongwane yabantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo okanye oko kuthetha ukuthintela ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Kwinqanaba elifanayo labafundi, iipesenti ezingama-22 zamadoda amabakala angama-7 kunye namaphesenti angama-17 amabhinqa angama-7 athi "azinakuba ngabahlobo nomntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo ne-AIDS" ngelixa iipesenti ezili-16 kunye neepesenti ezili-10 zazikholelwa ukuba "abantu abane-HIV / UGawulayo bafumana oko bafanelwe. "
Ngelixa loo manani ayelindeleke ukuba abantwana bekhulile, i- stigma echaphazelekayo echaphazelekayo ne-HIV inokukhuphaza ingxoxo ngokuvulekileyo nokulungelelanisa ngesifo, ingakumbi phakathi kwabo basenokuba besaba ukuba banesifo.
Ingxoxo-Umzali-Intetho Esebenzayo
Ingxoxo kaFrank kunye neengxoxo ezivulekileyo malunga nale khondom, i-HIV kunye ne-STI inokunciphisa ubuninzi beengozi. Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba abatsha abaye baxubusha ikhondom nomzali wabo babesenokuba kathathu amathuba okusebenzisa iikhondom kwaye banako ukusuleleka kuGawulayo ngama-STI kunokuba abo babengakhange bafumane amaxesha angama-20 ukuba basebenzise iikhondom ngokuvumelana.
Ngokufanayo, kwiseshoni kazwelonke yabafundi abayi-8 098 base-US esikolweni esiphakamileyo, abatsha abaxoxisana ngokukhululekileyo ngeHIV kunye nabazali babo babonakala bengenakuncwane ukuba babe neqabane lamadoda amaninzi okanye bahlanganyele ngesondo esingakhuselekanga. Ukuchasene kwakubonakala kuyinyaniso kubafundi abaqhuba iingxoxo kunye neontanga zabo, apho ingozi ye-HIV yayisoloko iyancitshiswe ngenxa yenkcazelo engafaniyo, ukunganeliseki okanye ukunyanzelwa kwengozi.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwabazali kaninzi Isizathu Esikhulu Kunazo zonke Abantwana Abakhetha Ukungaxubushe Nge-HIV
Ukuba nengxoxo engenangqiqo malunga ne-HIV ingaba nzima kunene ukunikezwa ngokungaqhelekanga kwintlalo ngesini. Khawucinge ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ngabazali kunye nentsha baxubushe ngayo yonke into ebizwa ngokuba "yesekondari" imiba enxulumene neengxaki zengcinezelo ye-HIV leyo, kwezinye iindidi, ingaqwalaselwa njengento engavumelekanga okanye yeyona nto.
Kodwa khawucinge namhlanje ukuba phantse iipesenti ezingama-75 yazo zonke iintsholongwane zentsholongwane kaGawulayo zibangelwa yintsebenziswano yesini kunye nendoda . Cinga ukuba i-17 ekhulwini yabantwana abaselula bayabelana ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga xa besetywala, ngelixa ama-8 ekhulwini abasebenzisa i-cocaine kunye nama-24 ekhulwini abasebenzisa i-marijuya nabo bahamba ngaphandle komtshato. Ezi ziminye yemiba efunekayo ekuthinteni xa ixoxa nge-HIV kunye nentombazana yabo.
Nangona ukugcina ezi zifundo kwitheyibhile kunokubonakala kunzima-kungenakwenzeka kwezinye iintsapho, ukuzitshabalalisa phantsi komphephe kunokukwenza okubi kakhulu-ukuhlukanisa umntwana kunye nokukhanyela loo mntu ukufikelela okanye unyango afunekayo .
Ukongezelela koko, ukungahoyi into enyanzelweyo ngokwesini ngokufuna ukuzinyameka kuya kuba nzima ukuphazamisa ukuziphatha ngokwesini. Uhlolo olubanzi lweemvavanyo ezingama-30 ezingazange zenzeke ngokulandelelwaniswa zipapashwe ngo-2009 zagqiba ekubeni ukungenelela kokungabikho kokunciphisa ukungaphumeleli kwancipha okanye kungabikho ukwanda kwamazinga e-HIV phakathi kolutsha lwase-US kwaye, kubhalwe ngababhali, ngokubanzi "akunakwenzeka."
Ukuba ujongene nemiba engekho ubuncwane okanye ubuninzi bokuqonda, funa inkxaso evela kwingcali ye-HIV okanye umboneleli wezempilo. Iintsholongwane zidla ngokubanzi malunga nokuziphatha kwabo ngokwesini kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi xa zivunyelwe ubumfihlo kunye neengcali zenkampani yesithathu.
Funda kabanzi malunga nendlela yokufumana ugqirha ofanelekileyo we-HIV okanye uqhagamshelane nomnxeba we-HIV / AIDS wendawo yengingqi ukufumana izibonelelo zoncedo lwezempilo olutsha olukufutshane nawe.
Imithombo:
Kapogiannis, B; Ellen, J; Xu, J; okqhubekayo. I-Strategic Multisite Initiative yeNgcaciso, Ukuxhuma kunye nokubandakanyeka kokunyamekela ulutsha oluchaphazelekayo lwe-HIV (SMILE): Ingaba unyango olunokuthintela ulutsha lwe-Young Minority "? EWashington, DC; Julayi 22-27, 2012; TUPE211.
Holtzman, D. kunye noRubinson. R. "Ukuchaphazeleka kwabazali kunye noontanga kwindlela yokuziphatha echaphazelekayo ne-AIDS phakathi kwabafundi besikolo esiphakamileyo sase-US." Ingqwalasela yoNyango. Novemba-Disemba 1995; 27 (6): 235-240, 286.
Miller, K., Levin, L .; Whittaker, D .; okqhubekayo. "Iipateni zokusetyenziswa kwekhondom phakathi kwabaselula: impembelelo yokukhulumisana nomama." I-American Journal yeMpilo kaRhulumente. Oktobha 1998; 88 (10): 1542-1544.
IBhunga labaPhathiswa bezeMfundo, Canada (CMEC). " Ulutsha lwaseKhanada , iMpilo yezesondo kunye noFundo lwe- HIV / AIDS : Izinto ezichaphazela ulwazi, izimo zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha." EToronto, eOntario; 2003: ISBN 0-88987-149-3.