Iimfuno ezizodwa zisaxhomekeke kumagunya ezempilo karhulumente
Kuye kwandula inzala yoluntu kwimpilo yabantu abedalandelayo emva kokuphuma okukhulu kweCaitlyn Jenner kunye nemigudu yabasebenzi abafana ne- Orange Yi-New Black actrice uLaverne Cox kunye nommeli / umbhali uChaz Bono.
Nangona iyingxenye ye-LGBT enkulu (abantu besini, abesilisa abasetyhini, abafazi kunye nabasemagunyeni), akukho nto igxininiswe ngayo kwi-transgender yabantu, ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kwimingcipheko yempilo kunye neemfuno zabasilisa nabesifazana (i-MTF) kunye nabasetyhini ukuya kwindoda (abakwaFTM).
Uphando olutsha luye lwajonga ngempembelelo ye- HIV kwi-transgender population, kubandakanywa neziphumo zeklinikhi zabantu abaphila ne-HIV. Into enqunyiwe yinto yokuba ingozi ye-HIV ayihlukanga kuphela kweli qela labantu, kodwa ukuba kusekho ukungaqondi kakuhle malunga neemfuno zempilo zabasetyhini kunye namadoda angama-transgender, amaninzi awo awanako.
Ukwanda koGawulayo kwi-Transgender People
Kwisampula yommeleli wesizwe esinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza abantu abathabatha unyango, inqanaba eliqikelelweyo li-1.3 lichongiwe njengabafazi be-transgender. Uhlolo olusisigxina luye lwagqitywa ukuba, kumazwe angama-16 anesifo esiyindoda ebalulekileyo (kuquka i-US), ukunyuka kwe- HIV phakathi kwabasetyhini be-transgender kuye kulinganiselwa ukuba i-19.1 yepesenti-izinga eliphakamileyo kakhulu kwaye libhekwa lixhomekeke kakhulu (oko kukuthi, kwenzeka 15 pesenti yabemi okanye ngaphezulu).
Iimvavanyo zeNtsholongwane kaGawulayo, ngokumangalisa, zaphezulu kumazwe aphezulu (ama-21,6 ekhulwini) kunamazwe aphantsi nawasezantsi aphakathi (ama-17,7 ekhulwini), kunye nomngcipheko wokuba ufumane i-HIV xa kuthelekiswa noluntu jikelele.
Kodwa inqanaba eliphezulu lazo zonke, nangona kunjalo, beli-US, elinama-27.7 ekhulwini.
Nangona kungekho nkcukacha eninzi malunga ne-HIV kumadoda angama-transgender, amazinga ezithintelo kunye nokuziphatha komngcipheko kuthathwa njengento ephantsi, ngokutsho kovavanyo lwama-2008 ngamaziko ase-United States yokuLawula nokuVimbela (CDC).
Ingozi yeHIV kwi-Transgender People
Abafazi beTransgender e-US ngokubanzi baxhatshazwa kwaye banengxaki yezoqoqosho ngokwezenzo zabantu abangaboniyo, abahlala bengenamakhaya kunye neengeniso ezincinci zempilo. Ubuninzi (iipesenti ezingama-60-70) azifumaneki rhoqo ngononophelo lwezokwelapha ngenxa yeendleko kodwa kungabikho kweenkonzo ezinobulungisa. Ngenxa yoko, inxalenye enkulu-zombini i-MTF kunye ne-FTM-inyanzelekile ukuba ithole unyango lwe-hormones ngokusebenzisa imithombo engekho mthethweni , isenzo esaziwayo sokwandisa amathuba okusuleleka kuGawulayo.
Le micimbi iqhubekile kakhulu kwi-MTF ye-youngest transgender, apho inqanaba eliphezulu lezesondo zonyanzeliswa (ama-52 ekhulwini), ukuvalelwe (37 ekhulwini), isondo ngokutshintshela izibonelelo (59 ekhulwini), kunye nobunzima bokufumana umsebenzi (ama-63 ekhulwini) bawabeka ingozi ephezulu ye-HIV .
Ngaphezu koko, izinga eliphezulu lezesondo ngaphantsi kwefuthe leziyobisi okanye utywala (iipesenti ezingama-53) zidibaniswe kunye namazinga aphezulu wesini esingaxhatshazwayo esilwayo (49 ekhulwini). Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kunye nokwabelana ngentsalane kwakucingelwa ukuba kunqabile, iipesenti ezingama-29 zabikwa ukuba zenziwe nge-silicon yamanzi engekho mthethweni-into engaxhunyiwe ngqo kwi-HIV kodwa enye ehambelana neziphumo zempilo ezihluphekileyo (kubandakanywa ne- scleroderma , ukuphefumula okuphefumulayo kunye nokukhathazeka komzimba).
Izidingo zeMpilo ze-Unmet kwi-Transgender Women
Zonke ezi zinto zidibanisa kuphela ekukhuselweni kwabasetyhini be-transgender ngokubanzi, ngokuzihlukanisa kunye nokunyanzelwa kwezinto ezithintekayo kubandakanyeka kwiirhafu zeHIV kunye nokunyamekelwa kwexesha elide labathelelekileyo. Oku kuboniswa ukungabikho kokubhengezwa kubonwe kwiinkwenkwezi ezininzi ze-HIV. Uhlalutyo lwe-2008 lwe-CDC luphelile ukuba, ngelixa i-27.7 pesenti yabasetyhini be-transgender bavavanya ukuba banentsholongwane kaGawulayo, kuphela i-11,8 ekhulwini yabonisa ukuba bane-HIV.
Oku kungachaza, ngenxalenye, kutheni ipesenti zezantsi zabafazi be-transgender ziyakwazi ukugcina unyango kunye nokuba kutheni ama-50 ekhulwini kwonyango abakwazi ukugcina ukulawula okupheleleyo kwintsholongwane .
Ngaphandle kwabasetyhini be-transgress abanomshuwalense wezempilo ohlala bebona utyando jikelele, ama-25 ekhulwini axubusha iindleko, ukufikelela kwiingcali, kunye nobuhlwempu bezentengiselwano ezinobungcali nabano-transgender njengezithintelo zokunyamekela.
Ukuguqulwa kwamanyathelo oklinikhi okwangoku-kunye nokuqonda okungcono iimfuno zamadoda kunye namabhinqa-angakwazi ukuphucula ngempumelelo umgangatho wokunakekelwa kwe-HIV kunye nokukhusela kwabo bantu bangengozini. Ngokukodwa, oku kuya kufuneka ukubandakanya:
- Ubuninzi bobubele kunye neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo ukusebenzisana kangcono kunye noluntu lwe-transgender.
- Ukuqaphela ubungubani bendoda ye-transgender njengokwenene, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwezivakalisi ezifanelekileyo kunye nezihloko.
- Ukufikelela okungcono kwimithombo yolondolozo lwempilo.
- Imfundo kunye nokukhusela izinto ezifanelekileyo kwi-transgender.
Imithombo:
Mizuno, Y; Frazier, E .; Huang, P .; okqhubekayo. "Iimpawu zeTransgender Abafazi abaphila ne-HIV abafumana unyango kwi-United States." LGBT zeMpilo. NgoApreli 28, 2015; i-doi: 10.1089 / lgbt.2014.0099.
Baral, S; Poteat, T .; Strömdahl, S .; okqhubekayo. Umthwalo wehlabathi jikelele we-HIV kumabhinqa abaphulaphuli: ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemeta. " Izifo ezithathelwanayo zeLancet. Matshi 2013; 13 (3): 214-222.
Herbst, J .; Jacobs, E .; Finlayson, T; okqhubekayo. "Ukulinganisa ukuThuthukiswa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye neengozi zoLuntu lwe-Transgender eUnited States: Uhlolo lokuHlola." Ukuziphatha koGawulayo. Ja nuwari 2008; 12 (1): 1-17.
ISanchez, N; ISanchez, J; kunye ne-Danoff, A. "Ukusetyenziswa kweMpilo, iZithintelo zokuKhathalela, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweHormone kubantu baseTransgender abantu abesilisa nabesifazana kwisixeko saseNew York." I-American Journal yeMpilo kaRhulumente. Epreli 2009; 99 (4): 713-719.
ULombardi, E. "Ukwandisa ukunakekelwa kwempilo ye-transgender." I-American Journal yeMpilo kaRhulumente ; 91 (6): 869-872.