Ubuninzi lixesha elisetyenziswe kwi-epidemiology ukuchaza inani labantu abachongwe njengento ethile (njenge- HIV ). Isibalo soxhaphako sichazwe ngokuthelekisa inani labantu abafumanekayo ukuba banesimo kunye nenani labantu labantu elo liqela (ngokomzekelo, inani lama-Afrika aseMerika anesifo sengculaza esihlala kwiNew York City).
Ubuninzi budla ngokuchazwa njengepesenti (%).
Kwi-HIV, ukuxhaphaka kusetyenziswa ngamagosa ezempilo karhulumente kunye nabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo ukufumanisa umthwalo wokusuleleka kwi-HIV kwimimandla ethile kunye / okanye amaqela abantu. Amaqela angabinakulinganiswa nobuhlanga, ubulili, ubudala, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, imeko yezoqoqosho, inkcubeko yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye ukudibanisa nayiphi na okanye zonke ezi zigaba.
Ingozi inokubeka umngcipheko wemeko ephuhlisayo ngexesha elithile. Isibalo sifika ngokuthelekisa inani lamatyala amatsha achazwe ngexesha elithile kunye nenani labantu labantu baloo ndawo. Isibalo sinokuchaza isahlulo (isib. Ama-45 amatyala kubantu abayi-1 000) okanye ipesenti (4.5%).
Kwi-HIV, iziganeko zisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela ukuba ingozi ye-HIV (okanye isifo esifana ne-HIV) iyanda okanye iyancipha ngaphakathi kweqela elithile, ngokuqhelekileyo kunyaka-wonke.
Ingozi iphinda isetyenziswe ngabaphandi ukuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho kwizinto ezithile (umz., Ukufikelela kwonyango, umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu) unokutshintsha umngcipheko kumacandelo amaqela. Ukongezelela, ukuxela kwangaphambili ingozi ngokuhlalutya kweemeko kukuvumela ukunikezelwa kwezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo.
Eyona nto isisiseko, ukuxhaphaza kuchaza apha kwaye ngoku, ngelixa isiganeko sichaza oko kuya kwenzeka.
U mzekelo
Ngokomzekelo, abantu abangama-5 600,000 eMzantsi Afrika baqikelelwa ukuba banesifo se-HIV ngo-2009. Ngobonke abantu abayizigidi ezingama-53, ukusasazeka kwe- HIV eNingizimu Afrika kuthiwa yi-10.6%. Xa bekhangele ngqo kubantu abadala abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya ku-49-bacinga ukuba iqela elidala kakhulu lengozini yokusuleleka kwi-HIV emhlabeni jikelele-ukukhula kwanda kufikelela kuma-17.3% (isibalo esisetyenziswe yi-World Health Organisation kwiingxelo zelizwe ezifanisa).
Ngokwahlukileyo, iziganeko zentsholongwane kaGawulayo phakathi kwabesilisa abalala ngesini kunye nabesilisa (MSM) eSan Francisco ngo-2006 kwaba yi-1.75%, ngokusekelwe kwizifo ezingama-772 ezitsha kwizifo ezingama-44,138 ze-HIV. Ngokuqaliswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yonyango, emitsha yoluntu ngo-2010 (okubandakanya unyango jikelele kwi-diagnostic ), iziganeko eziye zawela kwi-1.27% ngo-2011. Ngokunyuka kwamazinga e-MSM kwiindawo ezininzi ezinkulu zase-US, utshintsho kwiziganeko lubonakala lubaluleke kwaye ibonisa ukuphumelela kwemigaqo-nkqubo emitsha.
E-US
Ukususela kwimbono yehlabathi, ngelixa ukuxhaphaka kunye nesiganeko se-HIV kunokuhlukahluka ngamazwe ngamazwe, kukho ngokuqhelekileyo umbutho phakathi komthwalo wesifo kunye nendlela efanelekileyo ngayo ukulawula i-bhubhane kwimida yayo.
Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa i-1.2 yezigulane ezichaphazelekayo e-US zinokuthi zibalale xa zithelekiswa namanani abonwayo ekuphuhliseni, ukuxhaphaka kunye nesiganeko sesi sifo sibonisa umfanekiso ohlukileyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaninzi amazwe aphuhlisiwe, i-US inomlinganiselo ophezulu (0.6%) kunye neziganeko (15.3 kwi-100,000).
Ngokwahlukileyo, izinga lokusasazeka kumazwe amaninzi afumana inzuzo liwela ngaphantsi kwe-0.3%, ngelixa i-inclinate incidence rate ingaphantsi kwesigamu esibona e-US (6.3 nge-100,000).
Kuthemba ukuba ukuzuza kwangoku kungashenxisa umgangatho ngaphakathi kwe-US, nangona amazinga aphantsi okunyamekela nokugcinwa phakathi kwabantu abasemngciphekweni ( abaseMerika baseMerika , amadoda alala ngesondo kunye namadoda baya kuqhubeka nokunyusa amayeza omtsha.
Imithombo:
Iprogram yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "I-Epidemiological Fact Sheet - South Africa." Geneva, eSwitzerland; 2009.
UMcFarland, W. "I-Epi-Update ye-Epi-Update ye-San Francisco-Inombolo." ISebe leMpilo likaRhulumente laseSan Francisco. Novemba 29, 2006; Inkcazo yePowerpoint.
Bajko, M. "I-HIV iyaqhubeka nokubuyela kwi-SF." Bay Area Reporter. Ishicilelwe ngoMatshi 24, 2011.
URaymond, A .; Hill, A .; kunye nePozniak, A. "Ukungafani okukhulu kwe-HIV kunyango phakathi kwamazwe asibhozo aseYurophu kunye namazwe aphezulu ahlaziywa - ukuhlalutya kwamaphuzu okuphuka."; I-Congress Yomhlaba Wonke kwiNyango Yonyango kwi-HIV Infection; EGlasgow, Scotland; Novemba 2-6, 2014; O237.