Iingxaki zeMidlalo kunye neeNgqungquthela ezingezizo
Ukuchaza imbangela yesigxina akusiyo inzululwazi ngqo-ubuncinane. Kukho ininzi esingayaziyo malunga nento eyenzekayo ukuze kubangele ingqungquthela, igama elingasetyenzisiweyo. "Ingqungquthela" lizwi lokuzikhethela kwimidlalo, kodwa "ukulimala kanobuchopho obunzima" ligama elisetyenziselwa kwisimo somkhosi. Nangona uphando luhluke phakathi kwababini.
Ngandlela-thile, ukuhlala kuphela kwimbangela yezimpikiswano kukuba kukho ukubetha kwentloko.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
Ukulimala kwengqondo ephuma kumntu oqhagamshelana ngqo, ukuphazamisa (eyaziwa nangokuthi "ukucheba"), kwaye ukubetha ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwekhayi ngexesha lokukhawuleza okanye ukunciphisa (okubizwa ngokuba yikhontrakthi). Ezinye iintlobo zemisebenzi zaziwa ngokuba neemeko eziphezulu zezi.
Ingqungquthela yezizathu zingabelana ngokwahlukileyo kwiindidi ezimbini: iingcamango ezinxulumene nezemidlalo kunye neengcamango ezingezona ezemidlalo. Phakathi kwala mabini, kukho umlinganiselo omncinci kumonakalo owenzayo kwingqondo, kodwa ukunyamekela unyango lwezempilo kunye nokubonwa kwengqungquthela kwimidlalo kuya kutshintsha ukunika ingxelo-ngoko ke iziphumo zentengo-kwaye ziyacinywa kwintsimi.
Izizathu ezinxulumene neMidlalo
Kuzo zonke imidlalo, ibhoksi kukumkani weengqungquthela. Eneneni, indlela eqinisekisiweyo yokuphumelela kukubangela ingqungquthela kumdlali wakho (umkhuphe ngaphandle).
Uphando kwiibhokisi ze-amateur ibonisa ukuba ingqongqo akuyona indlela yodwa yokubangela ingqungquthela.
Ukuphazamiseka okuphindaphindiweyo kwintloko-nangona kungabikho ukulahlekelwa kancinci kwengqondo-kubangelwa iingcamango okanye ukulinganisa iingcamango ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuthatha phantse ixesha elide ukuba umbhokisi we-boxer abuyele ngokugcwele emva kokugqithisa, nokuba uyagqitywa okanye ayikho. Enyanisweni, ukuba umbhokisi wesibhozo akagcini, utsho nje ukuba uchithe ixesha elongezelelweyo ukuba ahlaziye.
Ibhola liye lide libalaseleyo kwiimpikiswano kwimidlalo yolutsha. Kwakhona kubandakanyeka inxaxheba enkulu kwimidlalo enye. Abadlali bezemidlalo eziphakamileyo banokwanda kwamanani amaninzi kwixesha elide lokunciphisa iingqungquthela kubadlali beekholeji. Abaphandi abaqinisekanga ukuba kutheni, ngokukodwa ekubeni abadlali beekholeji bafumana ukulimala okukhulu kwintsimi.
Ukwazi ukuba ibhola lidala iingxubusho kuye kwabangela inkxaso eninzi yonyango kubadlali abasentsimini nakwiofisi yegqirha. Yonke ingqalelo inokunyusa ukufumanisa kunye nokubika kweengqungquthela, nto leyo eyongezela kwiimanani. Abadlali beeKholeji banokufikelela ngaphezulu kwonyango kwimiba emibini kunye nangaphandle kwintsimi, enokuthi ibe nento enokuyenza ngayo nabadlali beekholeji bafumana ngokukhawuleza.
Ibhola lebhola yamakhosikazi ibhola lezemidlalo iqela lezinga eliphezulu. Ngokungafani nebhola lebhola yamadoda-apho intloko ekudibaniswaneni kwentloko phakathi kwabadlali yiyona nto ibangelwa imbambano-ibhola lebhola yamabhinqa ibangela iingxube xa abadlali bebetha emhlabeni.
Kodwa phantsi lonke iqela lezemidlalo lenza umdlalo ngandlela-thile. I-Volleyball, i-cheerleading, i-softball, i-baseball, ibhaskball, kunye ne-lacrosse bonke abajongene neengxoxo kubadlali ngokunyuka kwamanani ukususela ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Kukhuphiswano lwezemfundo, ukubambana ngumdlalo (ungewona iqela) wezemidlalo kunye nezinga eliphezulu leengxoxo. Ukuthabatha kubangele iingcamango.
Iziphumo zokungabikho kwemidlalo
Ngaphandle kwe-gridiron okanye intambo, izizathu eziqhelekileyo zengxubusho zenzeka kwibala lemfazwe. Ingqungquthela yamagosa okanye yokulwa nayo ayixeliwanga ngendlela efanayo neengxoxo ezinxulumene nezezemidlalo, ngoko akukho ndlela yokwenza ukuthelekiswa okuthe ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, izizathu zokubambisana ekulwa nazo zibhalwe kakuhle kwaye zivame ukuba ziqhelane neziqhamo.
Njengemikhankaso ehlobene nemidlalo, abahlaseli banokufikelela kubasebenzi bezonyango ngaphambi nangemva kweengqungquthela, ezivumela ukuvavanya okunzulu ngokubanzi kunye nokuvavanywa kwangaphambili kweengxoxo.
Ezi zivavanyo zibanceda ukuvavanya emva kokulimala.
Ngaphandle kokuqhuma, ezinye izizathu ezibangelwa yimikhosi yemikhosi zifana nokulimala emisebenzini yamashishini angewona amagosa: ukushayisana kwezithuthi, ukuwa, ukuhlaselwa kwentloko yengozi, njl. Ngaphandle komsebenzi wempi, abaninzi abantu abafumani iimviwo zeengxaki ze-neurological umsebenzi ngaphambi kokulimala. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba uchane ngokuchanekileyo iingcamango kwindawo yokudlala okanye kwibala lemfazwe.
Genetics
Ingqungquthela yayikude icinge ukuba yimeko embi-okanye kungekho imeko. Kuphela ukususela ekupheleni kweXesha lama-21 kunokubaluleka kokuxubusha okuza kukhanya kwaye uphando luyaqhubeka.
Akukho mqondiso ocacileyo wokuvelisa izityalo ukubonisa ingozi ephezulu yokulimala okanye umphumo osiphumo, kodwa kubonakala ngathi abafazi babenomgca ongaphantsi wokulimala kwengxubusho kunamadoda kwidatha yezemidlalo neyezempi.
Izinto zobungozi
Umngcipheko omkhulu kumngcipheko ngumngcongolo wangaphambili okanye ukuphindaphinda kwintloko. Umzekelo webhokisi, umzekelo, unxulumene nomngcipheko ophezulu kakhulu wokulimala kwexesha elide ngenxa yokubetha kwentloko. Ukuphepha ukulimala okuthe ngqo, okuphindaphindiweyo yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wobuqu.
Oko kuthetha, ngamanye amaxesha akunakwenzeka ukuphepha ngokupheleleyo ukuziphatha. Umdlali webhola lebhola okanye ijoni lomsebenzi liya kubonakala kwingozi. Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba kukho iindlela zokunciphisa umonakalo owenziwe ngexesha lokubethelwa kwentloko. Ngokomzekelo, ukwandiswa kwamandla emisipha yentamo kubonisa ukunciphisa umonakalo obonakalisiweyo kumonakalo, ngokukodwa xa kudibaniswa nokulindela kunye nokunyuka kwefuthe. Xa kunokwenzeka, ukugqoka iinqununu zokhuseleko ezakhiwe kakuhle kunciphisa umngcipheko, kunye nokufaka iifowuni xa kufuneka.
> Imithombo:
> Daneshvar, D., Nowinski, C., McKee, A., & Cantu, R. (2011). I-Epidemiology yeNgqungquthela ehambelana neMidlalo. Iiklinikhi KwiMicrotheli yezemidlalo , 30 (1), 1-17. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.csm.2010.08.006
> Eckner, J., Oh, Y., Joshi, M., Richardson, J., & Ashton-Miller, J. (2014). Impembelelo yamandla emisipha yamandla kunye nokulindeleka kweMisipha yeCervical Activation kwiKinematic Response yeNtloko kwiMithwalo engathintekiyo. I-American Journal Of Medicine Yezemidlalo , 42 (3), 566-576. i-doi: 10.1177 / 0363546513517869
> McKee, A., & Robinson, M. (2014). Ukulimala okubangelwa ngumkhosi kunye ne-neurodegeneneration. I-Alzheimer & Dementia , 10 (3), i-S242-S253. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jalz.2014.04.003
> Neselius, S., Brisby, H., Marcusson, J., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., & Karlsson, T. (2014). UkuVavanywa kweNewlogical and Relationship to CSF ​​Biomarkers kwi-Amateur Boxers. Plos ONE , 9 (6), e99870. i-doi: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0099870
> Rowson, S., Bland, M., Campolettano, E., Press, J., Rowson, B., & Smith, J. et al. (2016). Iimpawu zemiba ye-Biomechanical kwiNgqungquthela kwimidlalo. UkuPhathwa kweMidlalo kunye nokuHlola kweArthroscopy, 24 (3), 100-107. i-doi: 10.1097 / jsa.0000000000000121
> Shrey, D., Griesbach, G., & Giza, C. (2011). I-Pathophysiology yeengqungquthela kulutsha. Iipilisi zeMpilo kunye neeKliniki zokuBuyiselwa kweNtlapha eNtshona Melika , 22 (4), 577-602. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.pmr.2011.08.002