Inqununu ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-variola kwaye ayibonakali ngokusemhlabeni naphina kwihlabathi ukususela ngo-1977. Enyanisweni, abaninzi ababoneleli benonophelo abasebenzayo namhlanje abazange babone imeko yangempela yesikhukhumba kumntu. Ukuxilongwa kunokuba nzima, ngakumbi kuba kukho nawuphi na ugqirha obona ityala lokuqala lebholaphix kufuneka athathe inkukhu yenkukhu ekuqaleni.
Ukuhlolwa kweempawu kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ibhokotshi vs. Chickenpox
Ibhokhwe, njengenye i-poxviruses, inezilonda ezinokuthi zimboze umzimba wonke. Oogqirha abaza kuqala ukuxilonga i-smallpox de iilonda zicacile. Ngelo xesha, ababoneleli bezempilo bayazama ukufumana imbali yesifo phambi kokubonakala kwezilonda.
Ukucacisa umahluko phakathi kwe-smallpox kunye nenkukhu, umboneleli wezempilo uya kujonga ekubunzeni izilonda njengesona sibalulekileyo esibalulekileyo.
- Ibhokhwe: Izilonda zinzima kwaye zichazwe kakuhle. Zonke izilonda ziya kukhula ngezinga elifanayo kwaye ziya kufana nokubunjwa nokuqina. Ngamanye amaxesha, izilonda ziya kuba ne-indentation encinci kwisithsaba sazo, esibizwa ngokuba yinto esemthethweni. Izilonda zexilongo zihlala zihamba ngaphambi kweentsuku ezi-ezine ukuya kumkhuhlane wee-101 degrees. Izilonda ziya kuhanjiswa kwiingalo kunye nobuso kwaye zivele kwiintendelezo kunye neengcambu zeenyawo.
- I-Chickenpox: Izilonda azinjalo njengoko zichazwe kakuhle kwaye ziza kuba zigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso. Azinzinzi kwaye ziya kuba lula ukuzisusa. Akuyi kuba khona nayiphi na imfiva ngaphambi kokuqala kwezilonda. Izilonda ziyakubonakala ziqale kuqala kwi-torso kunokuba zibukhali kunye nobuso. Ngeke kubonakale kubonakala kwiintendelezo okanye kwiintsika zeenyawo.
Ukuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho uvelisa izilonda ezibonakala ngathi yi-inkukhu okanye i-smallpox, khangela umboneleli wezempilo. Akunakho unyango lwekhaya kwimeko okanye i-smallpox, nangona kungenakwenzeka kakhulu, kuya kuba yinto engxamisekileyo yonyango.
Umncinci noMkhulu weNqununu
Ukuze uqaphele kakuhle i-smallpox, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwesi sifo phakathi kwezifo ezineentsholongwane ezinkulu kunye ezincinci. Inkulu i-smallpox inezinga lokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-30 ekhulwini ngelixa i-smallpox encinci ine-1 iphesenti yokufa.
- Inqununu enkulu ibonakala kwiintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwi-4 zomkhuhlane wama-101 degrees okanye ngaphezulu kokuphambili kwezilonda. Izilonda ziya kuhlala zizinzile kwaye zikhuni, mhlawumbi kunye nokudakumba kwisithsaba. Zonke izilonda ziya kuba yinqanaba elifanayo lokuphuhliswa kwaye ziya kuhanjiswa kuwo wonke umzimba, mhlawumbi zibe yintlupheko, ithetha ukuba zifakwe kunye kakhulu ngaphandle kwesikhumba ecacileyo phakathi. Izilonda zexilongo ezixhamle ebusweni zinokufa okuphezulu kunokuba kungabikho i-confluence. Izilonda zexinxxu ezixhamle kwi-trunk kunye nobuso bunobomi obufa kakhulu.
- Umncinci omncinci akanakwenzeka ukuba abe nomkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuqala kwezilonda. Izilonda zinokwenzeka ukuba zivele kuqala kwiingalo, ubuso, iintendelezo, iingcambu zeenyawo kunye nomlomo. Njenge-smallpox enkulu (kwaye ngokungafani nenkukhu) izilonda ziya kuba nzima kwaye zijikeleze. Izilonda zikhula kwiimigangatho ezifanayo kodwa zikhula zithe gqolo kunexesha elincinci, lihamba phakathi kweesigaba (i-discoloration, iphakanyisiwe, i-blister enzima) kwisantya sesibini okanye iintsuku ezimbini kwisigaba. Isigulana se-smallpox encinci siyakubonakala singenanto kwaye singenamandla (i-moribund).
Abanikezeli bezempilo bafuna nayiphi na impawu ye-smallpox okanye ubuncinane emine imiqondiso ye-smallpox encinci ukwenzela ukuba babe nokusola okukhulu kwi-smallpox njengolu xilongo.
Ukuba isigulane sikhankanywa ukuba sinomkhuhlane, ugqirha unokuyalela ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwintsholongwane ye-variola. Ukuba ukuvavanya kulungile, i-smallpox iya kuqinisekiswa. Ukuba uvavanyo lubi, i-smallpox ayiyiyo i-diagnostic.
Ukuxilongwa okuhlukeneyo
Ezinye i-poxvirus ziyakulinganisa indlela i-smallpox ekhangeleka ngayo kodwa ingabhubhi kakhulu kunokuba i-smallpox. Ezinye zazo zihlobene ngokusondeleyo kwintsholongwane ye-variola.
Orthopoxviruses
Kukho ezininzi ze-zoonotic (ezichaphazela izilwanyana kunye nabantu) iinguqulelo ze-orthopoxvirus, intsapho yegciwane lesandulela-ngculazi equka i-variola, eyona nto ibangela i-smallpox.
Ezi zinto zibukeka zifana ne-smallpox kwaye zinokufana. Ezinye zinokuthi zibe nzima.
- I-Cowpox ithinta iimbini kunye nabantu. Ngaphambi kokugonywa kweklinikhi (ephuma kwigama lesiLatini kwenkomo) yayisasazeke, abalimi babeza kuphuhlisa inoculation of variola ngokusebenzisa ukutyhila kwenkomo.
- I-vaccinia enye intsholongwane echaphazela inkomo kwaye isifo segciwane lesigxina.
- I-Monkeypox yiyona nto inxulumene kakhulu nengqungquthela kwaye isemvelo ichaphazela abantu kwezinye iintlanga zaseAfrika. Unesilinganiso sokufa se-1 ukuya kuma-8 ekhulwini.
- I-Camelpox ithinta iikamela kwaye ingawela kubantu.
- I-Buffalopox inxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-vaccinia kwaye iqhelekileyo eNdiya.
Ngenxa yokuba ukugonywa kwe-smallpox kuye kwavalwa ngo-1980, abantu abaye balahlekelwa yintsholongwane kungekhona nje kuphela kwesikhombazana kodwa nakwezinye ezininzi ze-poxviruses ze-zoonotic.
I-Varicella kunye ne-Herpes-Zoster
I-Chickenpox ngokuyinhloko isifo somntwana esivela kwi-varicella-zoster virus. Abantwana abaqhelekanga ngentsholongwane okanye ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu phambi kokuba izilonda ze-pox zivele. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, izilonda ze-inkukhu zizinzileyo kunezo zikholoxi kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba zivele kwiintendelezo okanye kwiintendelezo zeenyawo.
Izibonda (i-herpes-zoster) yintsholongwane yesibini ukusuka kwintsholongwane efanayo ye-varicella kwaye ibonakala kakhulu kwizigulane ezigugile. Izilonda zesigulane zilandela iindlela ezinkulu zeentsimbi kwaye ziphantse zihlala kwelinye icala lomzimba (unilateral).
> Imithombo:
> Cann, J., Jahrling, P., Hensley, L., & Wahl-Jensen, V. (2013). Ukuthelekiswa kwePatfogy ye-Smallpox kunye ne-Monkeypox kwi-Man and Macaques. Umbhalo We-Pathology of Compare , 148 (1), 6-21. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jcpa.2012.06.007
> Damon, I., Damaso, C., & McFadden, G. (2014). Ngaba Sikhona? I-Agropox Research Agenda usebenzisa i-Variola Virus. Plos Pathogens , 10 (5), e1004108. i-doi: 10.1371 / iphephabhuku.ppat.1004108
> Z. Jezek, J. (1987). Ixilongo kunye nokuqapha kwayo emva kokupheliswa. I-Bulletin Ye-World Health Organization , 65 (4), 425.
> Inqununu kwixesha lokupheliswa kwexesha. WHO Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2016 Meyi 20; 91 (20): 257-64. IsiNgesi, isiFrentshi.
> Shchelkunova, GA, & Shchelkunov, SN (2017). Iminyaka engama-40 ngaphandle kweNqununu. Acta Naturae , 9 (4), 4-12.
> Shchelkunov, S. (2013). Ingozi eyandayo yeZoonotic Orthopoxvirus Infections. Plos Pathogens , 9 (12), e1003756. i-doi: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.ppat.1003756