Ukuhlalutya kokusetyenziswa kweViagra kwisithakazelo sesini ngesini / ingxaki yokuvusa
Ukususela ekuqhelweni kwayo kwintsapho yokuqala, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini (i-FSD) yinkxalabo yomlilo, kunye neenkampani zonyango kunye nabaqeqeshi abathile bezokwelapha (bacinge oodadewabo baseBerman) kunye nokwenza imali ngenxa yayo. Yonke le nzala inengqiqo; endleleni ebuyele ngo-2005, imarike yeemveliso ze-FSD iqikelelwe kwi $ 1.7 yezigidigidi.
Kuza kubekho, akukho philisi evunyiweyo yi-FDA yokunyangwa kwe-FSD.
Kodwa, ndikholelwe, akukho mvume ye-FDA ayikho ngenxa yokungabi nalutho lokuzama. Okokuqala, uPfizer uzame ukubonisa ukuba i-juggernaut yeziyobisi ze-Viagra inokukunceda kwi-FSD. Okwesibini, ngo-2004, i-P & G yazama ukuthengisa i-FDA kwisitaki sayo se testosterone, i-Intrinsa. Ixesha alinakube libi. Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokubanjelwa kweVixx, ukugxininisa ngakumbi i-FDA ekhankanyiweyo malunga ne-intrinsa yefuthe kunye nekhuseleko. Uninzi nje lwanje - kwaye alufumaneki lutho-I- Sprout Pharmaceuticals izame ukufumana izidakamizwa zaso, i-flibanserin, evunyiweyo.
Ngomzamo wokunika uhlolo olupheleleyo lwezonyango ezicetywayo kwi-FSD, kufuneka ndihlolisise ukungenelela kwamathathu okujoliswe kule meko kumanqaku amathathu ahlukeneyo. Eli nqaku lihlola ukusetyenziswa kweViagra ngabasetyhini, inqaku lesibini lihlola i- testosterone patch, kwaye icandelo lesithathu lihlola i- flibanserin . Ingqalelo, nangona i-P & G ishiya izilingo zayo kwi-Viagra kwabasetyhini ngo-2004, kwaye i-FDA ivaliwe i-Intrinsa ngaloo nyaka, abanye oogqirha baqhubeka banika i-Viagra off-ilebula kunye neyeza zonyango kwi-Women's FSD.
Noko ke, uFlibanserin, nangona kunjalo, akayi kuvunywa.
I-Viagra Work?
I-Viagra yindlela ye-phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor.which ikhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-guanosine monophosphate. I-Guanosine monophosphate ibuyisela kwakhona iiseliti ezihamba kakuhle kunye ne-vasodilates kunye nokwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwizitho zangasese. Njengoko sonke siyazi, kumadoda, isiphumo se-Viagra sisilungiso.
Nangona kunjalo, i-PDE5 iphinda ibonakaliswe kwisisipha esifanelekileyo sesini, i-clitoris, kunye ne-labia okubangelwa kwi-engorgural vaginal kunye ne-clitoris erection. Kukholelwa ukuba kubasetyhini abanezizathu eziphilayo ze-FSD, ukuphuma kwegazi kwizitho zangasese kuncitshiswa. Kwinqaku echanekileyo, uphando lubonisa ukuba kwabanye abafazi abane-atherosclerosis, ukuphuma kwegazi ukuya kwizitho zangasese kuncipha.
Njengawo onke amayeza, i-Viagra ineempembelelo ezibi ezibandakanya intloko, ukuxubha, isicathulo, ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo njalonjalo. Ukongezelela, abantu abathabatha i-nitrates ekwenzeni unyango lwe- angina kufuneka baphephe i-Viagra ngenxa yokwesaba i-hypotension okanye ingozi ephantsi yegazi.
Ukusebenza kakubi ngokwesondo (FSD) Iinkcazo
Okwangoku, naluphi na uluntu osetyenziswayo lwe-Viagra lubandakanya abesetyhini kunye nohlobo oluthile lwe-FSD olubizwa ngokuba ngumdla wesini / isifo sokukhupha . Eli sigama sitsha kwaye sisetyenziswe kwi-DSM-5. Umdla wesini wesini / ingxaki yokuvusa ingachazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ukunqongophala kokunqongophala (okanye kuncitshiswe kakhulu) inzala yesondo kunye nokuvakalelwa kwintlungu echaphazelekayo. iingcamango zesondo, inzala ngesini, ukuvuswa komzimba, ukuqalisa isondo kunye nokunye;
- Iinyanga ezidlulileyo ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu;
- Akungcono ukuba kuchazwe ezinye izifo okanye iimeko;
- Kubomi okanye bafumaneke;
- Engaqhelekanga okanye imeko;
- Ngobubele, obunomlinganiselo okanye obunzima.
Njengamanye amaxesha kwimeko yoluphando olusakhulayo, ukungahambelani kwangaphambili kwiinkcazo zeemeko zesondo ezifezekisileyo iziphumo zophando. Ngokukodwa, izifundo eziphambili ezibandakanya iziyobisi zesini zesini zahamba nesigama sokuqala esahlukanisa iingxaki ngokuvusa kunye neengxaki kunye nomnqweno kumaqela amabini ahlukeneyo;
Kwinqaku edibeneyo, ezinye iindidi ze-FSD ziquka ukugula kwe-female orgasmic, ubuhlungu be-genito-pelvic / ingxaki yokungena, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi ngokwesini.
(Kubonakala ukuba i-DSM iyathanda.)
Uphando nge-Viagra kwabesetyhini
Ucwaningo oluthile oluphakamileyo olubonisa ukuba i-Viagra inokufumana inzuzo kwabasetyhini nge-FSD eyenziwe nguDkt. Jennifer Berman, isondo kunye nobudlelwane bezobudlelwane kunye noDkt. Laura Berman, ingcali yezempilo ngokwesondo kunye ne-urologist, ngelixa besesesikolweni. Iziphumo ezivela kwiziphumo zazo zibonisa ukuba i-Viagra inokuphucula umsebenzi wesini kunye nabasetyhini abaneengxaki zokuvusa kodwa kungekhona abafazi abaneemfuno zomnqweno. Ukongezelela, iziphumo zolu phando zaxinzelelwa ngumphumo omkhulu we-placebo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba oodadewethu abangamaBerman ngokuqinisekileyo bahlalutyo lwabo kuquka noDkt. Heather Hartley, "uluntu" kunye nezobugcisa bezentlalo kunye nommeli wempilo yabasetyhini abanomdla onzima ekuthandeleni ukusetyenziswa kwezesondo. Ngokudabukisayo, uHartley wafa eneminyaka engama-39. (Hartley yayinomphefumlo omfutshane.)
Kwinqaku elingu-2006 elibizwa ngokuthi "I-Pinking" yeViagra, "uHartley ugxeka kakhulu oodadewabo baseBerman. Ugxekisa oodade ngokuthi "bayakwazi ukusebenzisa imidiya ukuze bakhuthaze ishishini labo." U-Hartley uphinde ugxeke i-Bermans ekhethiweyo yamachiza kunyango. Ngaphezu koko, wathi abazalwana bakaBerman 'baqhubeka begxininisa ekumiseni i-Viagra kunye nezinye izidakamizwa zesini' zesondo 'ngaphandle kweleta kubasetyhini kubonisa ukuhamba kwindlela esekelwe kwisayensi kunye nokwamkela i-Viagra culture. "
Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, uHartley uphinda udwebe umfanekiso oodadewethu abangamaBerman njengama-opportunists athengisa amaxabiso amaninzi kwiindlela zabo zokuthengisa. U-Hartley uthi impumelelo yeBermans ifumaneka ngombono ohlangeneyo wokuzihlakulela "ukuvakalelwa ngokubambisana noluntu, kubonakaliswe, ngokubambisa kwi-website yabo kwividiyo 'ngokucacileyo' yevidiyo kaJennifer ekhethiweyo ukuzalwa, uzalise ngeenkcazo zakhe zobuqu kwinkqubo yokubuyisela. "
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oodade abanoBerman baye banandipha ubukho bobugcisa obukhoyo. Okwangoku, uJennifer Berman ungomnye weeDokotela , kwaye uLaura Berman uqinile nge-Oprah kunye no-Dr. Oz.
Ngaphandle kwesiganeko esibalulekileyo sifundo seBerman, ezinye iingxelo zibonise i-Viagra ukuba ayinakucala ekunyangeni kwimiba yokuvusa kunye neminqweno. Umzekelo, olunye uvavanyo olulinganisekanga olwenziwa nguBasson kunye noogqirha lwaye lwabonisa ukuba iViagra yayingekho inguqu ephawulekayo kwimpendulo yenyama ngexesha lezesondo kwimbini yabafazi be-foremenopausal ne-postmenopausal. Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba ngenxa ye-PDE5 engaphantsi kwe-vagina kunye ne-clitoris xa kuthelekiswa ne-penis, umphumo we-Viagra ukhankanywe ngokunyanisekileyo kwabasetyhini.
Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo unomdla wesithandana / isifo sokuvusa njengoko kuchazwe yi-DSM-5, unokuzibuza ukuba uthatha iViagra. Ngokubhekiselele kule nkxalabo, ndikunikezela ngophelo lwengxelo ye-2014 yiLo Monte kunye noogxa bevela kwiphepha leDrug Design, Development and therapy :
I-FSAD [inzala yesini / isifo sengxaki esithatha isisu] sisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi, esinobangela obunzima ukuyixilonga. Ukuvavanya kwangaphambili kwesiganeko sezesondo, kwengqondo, kunye nonyango kunyanzelekile ukuba ungabandakanyi izifo zesistim kunye nokuchonga uhlobo lwe-FSAD. AmaGeneral kufuneka aphishekele indlela yehlabathi kwisigulane ngeengxaki zesini, ngelixa ungekho unyango lwe-hormonal efana ne-PDE5 inhibitors (umz., I-sildenafil citrate) [i-Viagra] kufuneka igcinwe njengendlela yokugqibela.
Ngamanye amagama, unokufuna ukuqwalasela i-Viagra kuphela njengeyonyango lokugqibela emva kokuba uhlalutyo olunzulu noluninzi lwentsebenziswano yakho yesini / inkathazo yokukhupha isifo sezempilo (okanye ugqirha).
Imithombo
Isiqendu esithi "Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kweCitratefil yeSildenafil kwiNyango yoLwaphulo lweSondo loTyhulo lwaBesifazana: IsiCwangciso esiPhezulu esiPhephekileyo, iSiB Berman, i-LA Berman kubhali ababambisene nabo abashicilelwe kwiNcwadi ye-Urology ngo-2003. Ukufikelela kwi-3 / 15/2015.
I-athikili ebizwa ngokuba yi-Pinking of Viagra: Iimveliso zonyango ezizama ukudala nokukhusela izidakamizwa zezesondo zabaseTyhini "ngoHeffley Hartley opapashwe ngoSondo ngo-2006. Ukufikelela ngomhla we-3/15/2015.
I-athikili ebizwa ngokuthi "abafazi bethatha 'ipilisi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka' (i-sildenafil citrate): into enjalo?" eshicilelwe kwiDrug Design, Development and Therapy ngo-2014. Kufumaneka ngomhla we-3/15/2015.