Iimbangela, iiMpawu, kunye neNyango yoKhuseleko lweKhumba
Umzimba wesikhumba obizwa ngokuba ngumthiba usithunyelwa kwiimpawu zonyango njenge-urticaria. Umhlathi, okanye i-wheal, uphawu lwe-urticaria. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu aluhlakuli umlenze owodwa xa u-urticaria, ngoko ke igama lingumngcwabo.
Sibanzi
I-Urticaria yinto eqhelekileyo enokuchaphazela nayiphi na umntu nawuphi na umgca kunoma yiphina iminyaka nawuphi na unyaka wonyaka. Kwenzeka kuma-20 ekhulwini labemi ngexesha elinye.
Iimisundu ziyakwenzeka kunoma yiphina indawo yesikhumba, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zigcina iintende zezandla kunye neengcambu zeenyawo. Iimisundu zihlelwa njengento eqhelekileyo okanye engapheliyo kuxhomekeke kubude besiqephu.
Umlenze, okanye i-wheal, isetyhula, ibomvu, i-spongy lesion eguqukayo kwaye iguqulwe ngaphezu kwemizuzu ukuya kwiiyure. Ngokuqhelekileyo ijikelezwe yindawo ebomvu ebizwa ngokuba yi-flare. Iimisundu ziyakwazi ukuhluka ngobukhulu ukusuka kumamitha ambalwa ukuya ubude ukufihla ngokupheleleyo.
Iingqungquthela zihlaziye kuba ukuvuvukala kwenzeka kwi-epidermis, enokupheliswa kwamanzi amaninzi. Ubungakanani bokubumba buhluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu kunye nesiganeko kwisiqhelo.
Izizathu
Yintoni ebangela imifuno? Iimisundu zenzeke ngokuphendula kwiinkalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikhokelela ekukhululweni kweekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-histamine elukhumbeni. Umlando ukhona kwiiseli ezithile zegazi ezimhlophe ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-mast cells, ezona zininzi kunxweme ezijikeleze i-capillaries. Ukuba kulungiswe kakuhle, la maseli asemasitjini akhulula i-granules yeekhemikhali, enamandla kunayo yonke i-histamine.
Imbali ibangela ukuba iiseli ezenza imithambo yegazi zivumelanise, zivumela ukuba umbane uphuphe emzimbeni wegazi kunye nezicubu ezijikelezayo, i-epidermis. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zikhulu kakhulu ukuba zingadluli "kwezimbobo." I-histamine yokujoba kwesikhumba yenza ukuba kubekho ukuphendula okuphindwe kathathu kokubomvu, ukuphazamiseka komkhuhlane okuvelisa umlenze, kunye ne-flare okanye ubomvu emngceleni.
I-hives isisombululo xa umzimba uthatha lo mkhuhlane. Umda we-hive uchazwe njenge-polycyclic, okanye iqulethwe kwiindidi ezininzi, kwaye utshintsho njengokuba umlambo uphupha ngaphandle kwaye emva koko uphumelele.
Ukuba imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-angioedema ivela, i-capillaries iyancipha kwaye ivuza umthamo ojulile ekhumbeni, ukuya kwisidumbu kunye nezicubu ezincinci . I-angioedema ibangela ukuvuvukala kwemilomo, i-larynx (ukuvelisa ukuphefumula okanye ukuphefumula okufutshane), okanye i-bining of the stomach and intestines (kubangela ubuhlungu besisu). Ngamaxesha amaninzi i-angioedema ivela kunye neqhekeza lemihlathi. I-angioedema, nangona kunjalo, ayifuni ngokutsha kuba iquka ukuvuvukala kwizakhiwo ezinzulu, apho kukho iziphelo ezincinci.
Umxhatshazo ngokubhekiselele kwimihla
Hives Acute
Iingcambu ezinokugqibela zingaphantsi kweeveki ezintandathu. Ukutyunjwa kweeveki ezintandathu njengoko uhluli-mali ahlula. Uninzi lwaphando lukholelwa ukuba imingxuma enzima iyenzeka njengempendulo yokumelana nokutya okanye iziyobisi. Nangona kunjalo, kuma-70 ekhulwini amatyala, isizathu asifumananga. Iingcingo eziqhelekileyo zihlala zisombulula ngokwabo. Uphando olunzulu lwebhubhoratri aluyimfuneko kwaye aluvelisi ulwazi oluninzi.
Iimithi ezinomdla ziphathwa nge- antihistamines , esebenza ngokuthintela ukukhululwa kwe-histamine kwii-cell mast.
Kubalulekile ukuthatha ii-antihistamines rhoqo ngenxa yokuba i-histamine ikhutshwe, unyango aluba nomphumo. Zombini kwi-counter-counter-anti-anti -ististamine zikhetho.
Hives Chronic
Iimvulo ezenzeka ubuncinane kabini ngeveki kwaye zikhoyo kwiiveki ezingaphezu kweesithandathu zikhethiweyo zingapheliyo. Ngokungafani nemifuba enzima, imihlathi engapheliyo ayisombululi ngokukhawuleza. Kwesifundo esithile, iipesenti ezingama-75 zabantu abanezinyosi ezingapheliyo zinempawu ezide ngaphezu konyaka, iipesenti ezingama-50 zinempawu ezide ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu, kwaye iipesenti ezingama-20 zinempawu eminyaka. Kwimizuzu engama-50 yamatyala, i-agent engalindelekanga ayibonakalwanga.
I-subset yama-hives engapheliyo yaziwa njenge-urticaria ngokomzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukunyuswa komzimba othile kubangele abantu abathile. Imihlathi yomzimba ibangela ama-16 engama-hives angapheliyo. Iintlobo zemihlathi yomzimba ziquka:
- I-Dermographism : Iifubhu ziveliswa ngokukhawuleza ngokugubungula okanye ukukhanda isikhumba. Olu hlobo lwesifuba somzimba luqhelekileyo.
- Uxinzelelo lwe-urticaria : Iinqwelo ziveliswa emva kweeyure eziliqela emva kokufaka uxinzelelo kwesikhumba. Le yindlela eqhelekileyo yemingxuma kwaye kunzima ukuyixilonga ekubeni imifuno ikhula emva kweeyure emva kokuthintana nesikhumba.
- I-urticaria ye-Cholinergic : Iilves ziveliswa ngexesha okanye emva nje kokuzivocavoca. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwemikoko.
- I-anaphylaxis yokuxilisa umzimba : Abantu abanolu daba bahlakulela imifuno, ukuphefumula okufutshane, kunye nokuxakeka emva kokusebenzisa. Abanye abantu abaneli meko bangaphumelela okanye bathuke. Le meko ayinqabile kwaye yaqale ichazwa ngo-1980.
- I-urticaria yeCold: Iilves ziveliswa xa kukho ngokukhawuleza kwehla ukushisa okanye xa umntu ebonakala emanzini abandayo okanye kwiqhwa. Esi sihlandlo esivamekileyo semihlathi.
- I-Urlararia yaseSolar: Iimvuba zenzeka emva kwemizuzu emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwelanga kwaye zinyamalale ngeyure enye. Esi sizathu esivame ukuba sisivalo.
- Ukushisa i-urticaria : I-hives iyenzeka emva kwemizuzu emva kokubhenca kwesikhumba kwindawo yokufudumala. Olu hlobo lwemikoko alufanekanga.
- I-angioedema engabonakaliyo: I-Angioedema iveliswa emva kokubhenca kwesikhumba ukunyakaza. Le yinto enqabileyo kakhulu yemihlathi.
- I-aquagenic urticaria : Iifubhu ziveliswa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba isikhumba sichazwe emanzini. Le fomu yemifuno nayo inqabile.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuchonga izilwanyana ezingapheliyo kubandakanyeka kunokuba uhlolisise imifuyo enzima. Imbali ecacileyo imele ithathelwe ukujonga ukubonakala ngokuthe ngqo kunye nobude bemihlathi. Idayari yokutya kufuneka igcinwe kunye nayo yonke imichiza ebhalwe. Kwakhona zibuze: Ngaba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka xa zingekho emsebenzini okanye ngelixa eholide kwindawo ehlukile?
Ezinye izilwanyana ezingapheliyo zibangelwa izifo ezingazange zenziwe, ingakumbi izifo zonyango. Imihlathi engapheliyo inxulumene nesifo se- thyroid -hypothyroidism kunye ne-hyperthyroidism. Usulelo lwemvubelo i- Candida albicans idibaniswa kunye nemihlathi engapheliyo.
Zonke ezi meko zifanele zilawulwe ngaphandle. Ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba kunenzuzo eyahlukileyo kuba abantu abanemihlathi bavame ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kwiinkampani ezininzi ezihlolwe.
Unyango
Ukunyangwa kwemihlathi emzimbeni kubhekiselele kuhlobo olufunyenweyo. Kwimiba yamathambo angapheliyo, isizathu asikwazi ukuzimisela. Kuba bantu, i-antihistamines yintloko yeyeza.
Njengokuba kunemihlathi enzima, i-antihistamines kufuneka ithathe rhoqo ukukhusela ukukhululwa kwe-histamine. Ama-antihistamine amadala, afana no-Benadryl, angabangela ubuthongo xa uqala unyango. Emva kweveki ezimbini, ukulala ngokubanzi kuphucula okanye kusombulula.
Nangona kunjalo, umphumo wokwelapha wama-antihistamine awuncipha ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo. Ngamanye amazwi, umntu akavelanga ukunyamezela kuma-antihistamine okanye afune amanani aphezulu ukuba ayeke ukukhululwa kwe-histamine. Ama-antihistamine amasha, afana neZyrtec , uClaritin , kunye ne- Allegra , ayibangeli ubuthongo obuninzi kwaye asebenza kakuhle ekuphatheni umlingo.
Ngamanye amaxesha amayeza, njenge-cimetidine okanye i-ranitidine, esetyenziswa rhoqo ekunciphiseni ukugcinwa kwe-asidi yesisu asetyenziswa ngama-antihistamines. La mayeza ayenayo i-antihistamines, kodwa ivimba i-histamine receptor eyahlukeneyo.
Iyeza elithi doxepin li-tricyclic antidepressant, okanye iTCA. Kwakhona ikhusela ngamandla ukukhutshwa kwe-histamine kwaye ingasetyenziswa ngokubambisana namanye amayeza. Isiphumo saso esona siphumelelo sinokulala.
I-Oral steroids, efana ne-prednisone kunye nokucamngca, iqwalaselwa ngamathambo emisundu engaphenduliyo kuma-antihistamines. I-epinephrine isetyenziselwa iimeko ezinzima zemingxube. U-Epinephrine uyisitopu esinamandla sokukhululwa kwe-histamine kwaye ihamba ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iphela ixesha elifutshane nje emzimbeni.