I-Urticaria (imisundu) ibomvu, ukugqithiswa kwekhumba elikhuseleyo kubangelwa ukuphendulwa kokutya, amayeza kunye nezinye izinto okanye imeko. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ngeqhosha elikhuni lesikhumba kwaye likhula kwi-welt ephakanyisiweyo eneemida ezicacileyo.
I-Urticaria ibangelwa yimpendulo engavamile yokuzivikela ngomzimba apho ikhemikhali eyaziwayo njenge-histamine ikhutshelwe emzimbeni. Nangona oku kubakho ngenxa yesifo sokungabikho komzimba, kukho izizathu ezingenalo iziphumo, ngokunjalo.
Iimpawu zinokuba nzima (kubonakala kwaye zixazulule ngokukhawuleza) okanye ezingapheliyo (ezinde ixesha elide kuneeveki ezintandathu).
I-urticaria esebenzayo ixhaphake ngokuqhelekileyo ngokubonakala kwayo. Iziganeko ezingapheli zingadinga uphando olongezelelweyo, kubandakanywa uvavanyo lwesikhumba, ukuhlolwa kobunzima, okanye i-biopsy yolusu. Ama-antihistamines asetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo ukunyanga i-urticaria, nangona i-H2 blockers, i-corticosteroids, i-anti-depressants, kunye neziyobisi ezichasene ne-asthma nazo zinokumiselwa.
Iimpawu
I-Urticaria inokuchaphazela abantu banoma yiphina iminyaka kwaye ikhule kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yomzimba, kuquka iintende kunye neengca. Imihlathi iya kubonakala njengama-welts ephakanyisiweyo (amasondo) kwaye iya kuhlala ihlaziye, enye ingaphezulu kwabanye. Ziyakwazi ukuhluka ngohlobo kunye nobukhulu kodwa ziya kuba nomda ocacileyo. Xa ugxininiswe, isikhungo "siya ku-blanch" (vula umhlophe).
Uninzi lwama-hive lubukhali kwaye aluzinzileyo, luyicombulula ngokwabo ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48. Abanye bangathatha iintsuku okanye iiveki ngaphambi kokuba basombulule ngokupheleleyo.
Ngeli xesha, akuqhelekanga ukuba imihlathi iphele kwaye ibuye ivele. I-Urticaria ngamanye amaxesha inokuthi ihambe kunye nokuvuvukala kwezicubu ezibizwa ngokuba yi- angioedem , ezixhaphaka kakhulu ubuso, imilomo, ulwimi, umqala, okanye ikhwephe.
Imihlathi engapheliyo inokuqhubeka iinyanga okanye nokuba yiminyaka kwaye ingabangela ukuba uxinzelelo, ukushisa, ubanda kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela umzimba.
I-Urticaria ihluke kwi- eczema (i-atopic dermatitis) kwi-eczema ibonakaliswa ngokuma, ukuqhaqhaqhaqha, ukuphazamiseka, ukukhupha, ukukhupha okanye ukuphuma. Iimisundu azange zichazwe ngale ndlela.
Izizathu
Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, zonke iintlobo ze-urticaria zibangelwa yimpendulo engavumelekanga yomzimba. Nangona i- allergies iyona mzekelo oqhelekileyo, akusiyo kuphela imbangela. Iindidi ezingapheliyo ze-urticaria zikholelwa ngenxa yokuphendula ngokuzenzekelayo . Ezinye ziyi-idiopathic ngokupheleleyo (intsingiselo yolwazi oluvela kulo).
Urticaria ye-Allergic-Induced
I-urticaria eyenziwa yi-allergies ibangelwa xa i-immune system isabela ngokungavumelekanga kwinto engafanelekanga kwaye ikhupha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi- histamine egazini. Imbali yinto evuzayo ebangela iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba, engathinteli kuphela umphefumlo wokuphefumula kunye nesisu, kodwa nesikhumba, ngokunjalo.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-urticaria ezibangelwa ukungena emzimbeni zibandakanya ukutya (kubandakanya i-shellfish, amaqanda, kunye ne nut), iziyobisi (kuquka i-aspirin kunye ne-antibiotics), kunye nokulunywa kwezilwanyana (ikakhulukazi iinyosi kunye nezilwanyana zomlilo).
Idiopathic Urticaria engapheliyo
I-urticaria engapheliyo kaninzi idiopathic kwaye inokubangela ukunyanzeliswa okanye ezinye izinto ezisemgangathweni. Nangona indlela ecacileyo yolu meko ingaziwa, kukholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamanantibobo (iiproteni ze-immune ezijolise kumaseli omzimba) nazo zinokubangela ukukhululwa kwe-histamine kunye nezinye izidakamizwa ezinokutsha.
Ngoko ke, ngelixa i-urticaria engapheliyo ibangela ukuba ihluke kwi-urticaria eyenziwa yi-allergies, isiphumo siya kuba sesinye (nokuba sihlala ixesha elide). Abasetyhini banokuchaphazeleka ngaphezu kwamadoda.
Ukongezelela koxinzelelo, izinto eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa ngumzimba zibandakanya ukuvezwa kubanda , ukushisa , ukukhanya kwelanga , uxinzelelo , ukuxubha , amanzi okanye ukungqubana . Ezinye iindidi ze-urticaria ezenzelwa umzimba zenzeke kuphela kwi-tandem kunye nokutya kokutya.
Ezinye izizathu
Izifo nezifo ezinjenge-hepatitis, izifo zesifo esingasasigxina, i-lymphoma, kunye naluphi na uhlobo lweengxaki ezizimelayo (kuquka i-lupus, i-Hashimoto's thyroiditis, kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis) inokubonakala nangomuthi omnandi okanye ongapheliyo.
Ukuxilongwa
I-Urticaria ingaqheleka ifunyanwe ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwimbali yakho yezobugqirha kunye nokubonakala kwimiba ye-rash. Uvavanyo lweebhanki kunye neengcamango azifunwa ngaphandle kokuba kubangelwa isizathu esibangelwayo (njengomhlaza).
Ubunzima be-eruption bungabalwa ngokusekelwe kwisixhobo sokuhlola esibizwa ngokuba ngumlinganiselo wemisebenzi ye-urticaria (UAS). Ngaloo nto, ugqirha uya kuthobela iimbonakalo ezibini eziphambili-iivili kunye ne-scuritus ( pruritus ) -kwizinga elingu-0 (umsebenzi ophantsi kwesifo) ukuya kwi-3 (umsebenzi wesifo esibi). Amanqaku aphezulu angama-6 abonisa ukuqhuma okukhulu okufunekayo unyango olushushu.
Ukuba kuqhubeka ukuvavanywa, kunokubandakanya enye yezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kokunyuka kwezilwanyana kunganconywa ukuba unesifo esiphezulu sokuphendula ngokutya, amayeza, okanye inambuzane. Uvavanyo lwesikhumba okanye uvavanyo lwe - asserosorbent testay (RAST) zimbini zeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuvavanya.
- Ukuhlolwa kweengxaki zomzimba kusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba izilingo zakho ezingapheliyo zenziwa. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikhankanyisiweyo-ezifana neqhwa, ukufudumala, ukunyakaza, ukukhanya, okanye ukuxubana-kwesikhumba. Ukuvavanya umzimba kunokusetyenziswa kwakhona.
- I-skin biopsy (ukususwa kweesampuli zamathambo kwi-laboratory assessment) kuboniswa kuphela ukuba imifuno ihluleka ukuphucula kwaye akukho nanye ibangela inokufumaneka. Ngaphandle kokuba kukho ingcaciso engavamile yevili, i-biopsy ye-hive ayiyi kubonakalisa into engavumelekanga.
Unyango
Uninzi lwama-hives acacile luza kulungisa ngokwabo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kwaye lunokufuna kuphela umxube omanzi, opholileyo ukunciphisa itchki nokuvuvukala.
Abanye bangathatha iiveki ezimbalwa baze bafune i- antihistamines yomlomo ukuncedisa ukunciphisa iimpawu. Ama-antihistamine angaphezu kwamanqaku afana ne- Allegra (i-fexofenadine) , iClaritin (i-loratadine) , kunye ne- Zyrtec (cetirizine) ngokuqhelekileyo inika inkxaso enkulu. Izidakamizwa ezinamandla zokulwa ne-antihistamine zingatholakala nge-odokotela.
Ukuba i-antihistamines yodwa iyakwazi ukubonelela uncedo, ezinye iziyobisi zingenakongezwa okanye zitshintshwe, ngokukodwa ukuba isizathu asiyiyo ingxaki. Phakathi kwabo:
- I-H2 blockers , njenge- Pepcid (famotidine) , iTagamet (cimetidine) , kunye ne- Zantac (ranitidine) , ingasetyenziselwa kunye ne-antihistamines ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwe-vascular.
- I-Corticosteroids , njenge- Prednisone , inokunciphisa impendulo yomzimba kwaye iyanciphise ngokukhawuleza nokukhukhuma ukuba i-antihistamines ayisebenzi.
- I-Leukotriene modifiers efana ne-Accolate (zafirlukast) kunye ne- Singulair (i-montelukast) isetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-asthma kodwa inokukhupha iintlobo ezithile ze-idiopathic urticaria.
- I-Doxepin yi-tricyclic antidepressant eyenziwa njenge-antihistamine enamandla xa isetyenziswe kumaxabiso aphantsi.
- I-Xolair (i-omalizumab) yintsholongwane engumjovo olwaziyobisi osebenzayo ekuphatheni iimeko ezingapheliyo ze-urticaria ezingaphenduli kwezinye iindlela zokwelapha.
ILizwi
Nangona iindawo ezinemihlathi zingabonakali kwaye zingakhathazeki, ngokuqhelekileyo azibi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba baqala ukuphazamisa umgangatho wobomi bakho, cela udokotela wakho ukuba uthumele i- allergenist onokuyenza iimvavanyo ukuphawula isizathu. Ukuba i-trigger allergies ifunyenwe, kukho uluhlu lwezinto zokungabikho kwamandla omzimba onokunikezelwa ukuze kuphuculwe ngokukhawuleza.
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, imihlathi ingahlakulela njengenxalenye yokwenza ubomi obungozi obusongela ubomi obubizwa ngokuba yi- anaphylaxis . Ukuba izilwanyana zakho zihamba kunye nokuvuvukala ubuso, ukuphefumula ubunzima, ukuvuthwa kwentliziyo, ukuhlanza, okanye ukudideka, biza 911 okanye ube nomntu ekukhawuleza ekwigumbi eliphuthumayo elisondeleyo. Ukuba ishiywe ingaphendulwanga, i-anaphylaxis inokubangela ukothuka, i-coma, intliziyo okanye ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumula kunye nokufa.
> Imithombo:
> Ferrer, M .; Bastra, J .; Gimenez-Arnau, A. et al. Ulawulo lwe-urticaria: aluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kungabi lula. Iiklinikhi yokuCatshungulwa koMilo. 2014; 45 (4): 731-43. INGXELO: 10.1111 / cea.12465.
> Schaefer, P. I-Urticaria eqhelekileyo kunye ne-Chronicle: UkuVavanywa nokuPhathwa. I-Phys Physician. 2017; 95 (11): 717-724.