I-Anaphylaxis yindlela enzima yokubangela ukungabikho komzimba okubangelwa yizinto zokutya , amayeza kunye nezilwanyana ezinambuzane . Unokuqala ngokukhawuleza, ukuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kusenokuba sisongela ubomi. Uya kufuneka ukuphathwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-epinephrine (adrenaline) ukuyeka ukuphendula kwaye kuya kufuna uncedo lwezongxamiseko kwisibhedlele. Emva kwesiganeko se-anaphylaxis yakho ye-allergies iya kuqatshelwa ngakumbi ukuze ukwazi ukuwuphepha kwaye kufuneka uqhube i-epinephrine autoinjector xa kwenzeka kwakhona.
Uncedo lokuqala kunye noNcedo oluPhezulu
Ngenxa yokuba i-anaphylaxis ingasongela ubomi, kufuneka uqaphele iimpawu kwaye uyiphathe njengengxamisekileyo yonyango. Iimvumba, ukuvuvukala, kunye nokuvuthwa yizona zimpawu eziqhelekileyo.
Ifowuni ye-911 kunye no-Epinephrine
Ifowuni ye-911 ukuze uphendule ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba unayo i-epinephrine injector, kufuneka usebenzise okokuqala uphawu lweempawu, ngaphambi kokuba nzima. Iibini ziyakwazi ukulondoloza ubomi ngexesha le-anaphylaxis.
Ukuba uncedisa umntu ophendulayo, cela i-epinephrine autoinjector yabo. Ukuba awunayo injector, abaphenduli bezongxamiseko bangakwazi ukulawula i-epinephrin. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zezi-autoinjectors-i-EpiPen kunye ne-Auvi-Q.
Ukusebenzisa i-EpiPen kumntu ongenakulungiswa, landela le nyathelo.
- Ukunyamekela kufuneka kuthatyathwe ukuba ungayibambeli emuva, eyona mpazamo eqhelekileyo kwaye ugqiba ukujoba kwisithupha sakho esikhundleni sethanga.
- Yenza ikhefu elikhuselayo likhuphe ngaphandle kweso sixhobo
- Cinezela umda omnyama ngokusemthethweni kumlenze womntu uze ubambe ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-10. Kungcono ukuyilawula ngokukhawuleza kwesikhumba, kodwa ungazijoba ngeempahla xa kufuneka.
- Kuya kubakho inaliti evulekileyo ephuma ngaphandle komda omnyama emva kokujola. Sebenzisa unonophelo ukuba ungazinamatheli. Ukulahla ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-container yeebhondi emva koko (abaphenduli baxakeka kufuneka babe neyodwa).
I-Auvi-Q iyisisombululo esenziwe ngomxholongwane malunga nobukhulu bekhadi lesikweletu. Isebenzisa indlela yokunyuka kwezwi ukubonelela ngemiyalelo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo ngendlela yokuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ukhusela izithintelo zeenaliti zengozi.
Injoza enye ukusuka kwi-autoinjector ingabi nanele ukumisa i-anaphylaxis. Kufuneka usebenze umthamo ophinda emva kwemizuzu emihlanu okanye 10 ukuba iimpawu ezinzima ziqhubeka, kwaye unokukunika ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuyimfuneko.
I-Epinephrine (adréaline) yodwa yonyango olululo lwe-anaphylaxis. I-Antihistamine ikhulula kakhulu impawu ezifana nemingxuma kunye nokuvuthwa, kunye ne-asthma inhalers iya kuphucula iimpawu zokuphefumula, kodwa akukho nto iya kuyenza i-anaphylaxis.
Ngelixa ulinde abaphenduli abaphuthumayo, umntu ophendulayo kufuneka alale aze aphakamise imilenze. Oku kunceda ukugcina ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwe-anaphylactic. Umntu unokufuna ukuhlala ehleli xa enenkinga yokuphefumula okanye yokuhlanza kwaye kufuneka umvumele ukuba abe kwindawo ekhululekile, kunye nemilenze ephakamileyo xa kunokwenzeka. Iqabane limele lijonge umphunga lomntu kunye nokuphefumla kunye nokulawula i-CPR ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Susa i-Allergen
Isinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekileyo sokunceda unyango ukususa izilwanyana. Indlela yokuphendula ingakwazi ukuqhubeka njengoko nje i-allergen isemzimbeni.
Ukuze izilwanyana zitshathwe, inqakraza ukususa i-stinger ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ixesha elide likhona emzimbeni, ininzi enkulu yokuphendula. Ukuba i-allergen ingumongo, njenge-poison ivy okanye i-oak e-poison, uya kufuna ukuhlamba isikhumba ngokukhawuleza. Kwimeko yokutya okanye isicatshulwa esiphuculwayo, akukho nto ongayenza ngaphandle kokuba ungaqhubeki uthabatha i-arhente ephosakeleyo.
Yiya esibhedlele
Emva kokujoba i-epinephrine, kubalulekile ukuya kwisibhedlele esiphuthumayo kwiSebe lokuhlola. Apha oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi banokukubeka iliso ngokufanelekileyo kwaye banikezele unyango olongezelelweyo njengoko lufunekayo.
Ngaphandle kwe-epinephrin, unokunikezwa i-oxygen, i-IV fluids, i-anti anti -istamines kunye ne-cortisone, kunye ne-beta-agonist njenge-albuterol ukuncedisa ekuphefumla nokuyeka ukuphendula. Kwiimeko ezinzima, unokuthi unganwe okanye unesifo esiphuthumayo se-cricothyroidotomy eyenziwa ukuze ufumane umoya kumaphaphu akho.
Uya kugcinwa ukuba ukhangele iiyure eziliqela kuba kungenzeka ukuba i-anaphylaxis ibuye. Kukho ubunzima beengxaki zomzimba, ngakumbi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 kunye nalabo abanesifo senhliziyo.
Kukho ezinye iingxaki ezinokulinganisa i-anaphylaxis. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma enkulu, ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic, okanye ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kunokubangela ukuba ube neempawu ezifana ne-anaphylactic reaction. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimbali yakho, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kunye neklinikhi, udokotela angathanda ukulawula ezinye zeemeko.
Imigaqo
Uya kunikwa isicwangciso senkqubo esiphuthumayo ye-anaphylaxis ngaphambi kokuba ukhutshwe esibhedlele emva kwesiganeko se-anaphylaxis. Oku kuya kukukhokela kwindlela yokuqwalasela iimpawu kunye namanyathelo okuthabatha xa ubona.
Epinephrine Autoinjector
Uya kunikwa imithi ye-epinephrine autoinjector (i-EpiPen okanye i-Auvi-Q) ukuhamba nawe ngamaxesha onke. Kubalulekile ukuzalisa umyalelo ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuqhelekileyo kunconywa ukuba unayo i-autoinjectors ezimbini kuba ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini abantu bafuna ngaphezu kweyunithi enye ukuyeka i-anaphylaxis. Ngomntwana, kufuneka usebenze nesikolo kwiplani yesenzo sokufikelela kwi-autoinjector xa kufuneka. Injector kufuneka ikhuselwe ekukhanyeni kwaye igcinwe kwisitya sayo sangaphandle. Akufanele ifriji. Kufuneka uhlolisise rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isisombululo sicacile kwaye asibalabala kwaye sithatha indawo ukuba iphenduke ibomvu okanye ibe yinkristalli okanye ingabonakali.
Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo kunye noVavanyo
Emva kwesiganeko se-anaphylaxis, ugqirha wakho unokukucwangcisela olunye uvavanyo okanye uvavanyo. Unokuthunyelwa kwi-allergenist. oyingcali yonyango kwi-allergies kunye ne-anaphylaxis. Mhlawumbi uya kuluvavanya ukuhlolwa kweekhumba kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukufumanisa ukuba unobungozi bokwenene kunye nokuba yintoni inkqubo yokunyanga engcono kunokuba inokuthintela iziganeko ezizayo ze-anaphylaxis. I-allergenist yakho ingancoma ama-antihistamine okanye i-corticosteroids njengonyango lweengqungquthela ezizayo. Ukuba une-asthma, izifo ezingapheliyo zeplmonta, okanye isifo senhliziyo ugqirha wakho uya kusebenza nawe ukulawula okungcono njengoko kuphakamisa umngcipheko wokufa ngexesha le-anaphylaxis.
Immunotherapy
I-allergenist yakho ingancoma ukuxilongwa kwe-immunotherapy (i-allergy shots) ukunceda ukukhusela ukuphendula kwangomso. Ezi zifumaneka kuphela kwiintlobo zeentlobo zezinambuzane kwaye kungekhona ezinye izizathu. Inkqubo ye-five-immunotherapy yee-stings ye-five-year-year-year can reduce your risk of episode of anaphylaxis.
Indlela yokuphila
Ukuphepha izifo ezenza i-anaphylaxis yinxalenye yesicwangciso sonyango. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto ezibangela, ezifana namaqela athile okutya, kunokuba nzima ukuziphepha.
- Ukutya: Naliphi na ixesha ukutya kukukhokelela ku-anaphylaxis, kufuneka kupheliswe ekudleni. Ungadinga ukufunda indlela yokufunda amabhile okutya kwaye ube ne-hypervigilant malunga nokucela malunga nokulungiselela nokwenza ukutya okukude kwindlu yakho.
- Izilwanyana / izibonda: Ukugqoka iimpahla zokukhusela kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela lolu hlobo lwe-anaphylaxis. Oku kubandakanya ukugqoka izicathulo ezivaliweyo, iimpahla ezingenamikhono, iinqanawa, kwaye ungaphuzi kwiingxowa ezivulekile xa ungaphandle.
- Imichiza: Kufuneka uqaphele ukuba amayeza anamagama ahlukeneyo kwaye ayenziwa ngabakhiqizi abaninzi. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba ungayifaki kuphela imithi oye wayenza ngayo impendulo ethile kodwa kunye nemichiza efanayo kunye negama labo kunye namagama aphezulu.
Kufuneka uqwalasele nokugqoka isalathisi sokuchongwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuba ufumene ungayiphenduli, abaphendula ngokukhawulezileyo banokufumanisa ukuba uye waba neempembelelo zokuba ne-anaphylactic yokusabela kwaye banokukunika ukunakekelwa okufanelekileyo nokukhawuleza.
> Imithombo:
> Boyce JA, Assaad A, Burks AW, et al. Izikhokelo zoLwazi kunye noLawulo loLwaphulo lokutya eUnited States: INgxelo yePhaneli yeCenser-Sponsored Panel. I-Journal ye-allergies kunye ne-Clinic Immunology . 2010; 126 (6 0): S1-58. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jaci.2010.10.007.
> Campbell RL, uKelso JM. Anaphylaxis: Unyango oluphuculweyo. Isemgangathweno. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anaphylaxis-emergency-reatment.
> Simons FE, Ardusso LR, uDimov V, et al. I-Worldergyergy Organisation I-Anaphylaxis Izikhokelo: 2013 Ukuhlaziywa koBungqina boBungqina. I-Int Arch I-allergies Immunol 2013; 162: 193-204.