Konke Okufuneka Ukwazi Ngayo Inyosi kunye Nezilwanyana
Unokwazi njani ukuba unobungozi beezinyosi kunye noluphi uhlobo lweempendulo ezingenzeka? Yintoni oyifunayo ukuba uyayazi malunga nokunyangwa kwezibonda, kwaye nini le nto ingaba yimeko engxamisekileyo? Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo kunokuncedisa njani "ukunyanga" ukunyamezela kwabanye abantu? Makhe sithethe ngeento zonke oza kuziwa malunga neenyosi zokugonywa.
Sibanzi
Ukuphendulwa kwezilwanyana ezindizayo ezindizayo (izinyosi, i-hornets, i-wasps, ijeketi eziphuzi, kunye neentshontsho zomlilo) ziqhelekile.
Uninzi lwabantu olubethelwa yizinambuzane luya kuhlakulela ukusabela kwisayithi se-sting esiza kubangela intlungu, ukuvuvukala, ubomvu, nokubetha. Ipesenti encinci yabantu-malunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini-nayo iya kuba neendawo ezikhudlwana zokuvuvukala, kwaye ukuvuvukala kungadlulela kwiveki. Ngokungaqhelekanga, abantu banokufumana isifo esiphezulu esiphezulu sokuthi i- anaphylaxis . Malunga ne-1 kwabantwana abangama-200 kunye ukuya kuma-3 ekhulwini abantu abadala baya kuba ne-anaphylaxis emva kokuluma kwezilwanyana.
Ukongeza, abantu abangaba ngu-40 e-United States bafa minyaka yonke besuka kwintlungu, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba abanye abantu bafa ngenxa yezilwanyana ezinobungozi ezibangelwa ezinye izizathu, kwaye ngoko le nombolo mhlawumbi ixabiso eliphantsi. Uninzi lwale kufa luvela kubantu abangenaye imbali eyaziwayo yentsholongwane.
Izinto zobungozi
Oko sikubonile nje-kukuba abaninzi abantu abafa ngenxa yokunyuka kwezinyosi ezibangelwa yizinyosi ezibangelwa ngabantwana abangaboniyo-zingabesabisayo.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba nangona le nto ibuhlungu, inani elincinane linxulumene nezinye izingozi phakathi kwethu. Omnye ugqirha uyazikhumbuza izigulane zakhe ukuba baninzi ukufa kwisithuthi endleleni eya epakini kunokuba zivela kwizinyosi xa zidlala epakini. Nangona iimeko ezinobungozi ezinobungakanani bezinyosi zenzeke kunoma ubani, abo banembali yezinye izifo ezikhuselekisayo, ezifana ne-rhinitis ye-allergen ( hayfever ) kunye nesifo se- asthma zisengozini enkulu.
Ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwizinga lezinyosi, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-anaphylaxis. Ukuba uthe wagxuma kwaye unayo nayiphi na le mpawu, yeka ukufunda kwaye ufune unyango lwangoko.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
Xa umntu enomzimba wonke (inqubo, okanye i-anaphylactic) ukusabela okubangelwa yintsholongwane kwiintlobo zezilwanyana, unokufumana nayiphi na okanye zonke iimpawu ezilandelayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure ezimbalwa:
- Ukutshiza konke
- I-Hives okanye ukuvuvukala okusasazeka kwi-site ye-sting
- Ukuqhuma
- Impumlo ephuthumayo, ukukrazula okanye ukunyuka kwe-postnasal
- Amehlo / amanzi
- Ukuvuvukala komlomo, ulwimi okanye umqala
- Ukuphefumula, ukubola okanye ukukhwehlela
- Isisu esincinci, isicupunu, ukuhlanza okanye uhudo
- Ukukhawuleza, ukukhawuleza kwenhliziyo, ukunyanzeliswa kwegazi okanye ukuphuma
- Ingqondo yokwesaba okanye ukuqonda ukutshabalalisa okuzayo
- Ingqungquthela yensimbi emlonyeni
Izinambuzane ezenza i-Venom Allergies
Kukho iintlobo ezinambuzane ezahlukahlukeneyo ezindizayo ezinokubangela i-venom allergies. Nangona kunokuba luncedo kamva, ukuchonga inambuzane echanekileyo ekhokelela ekungabikho komzimba kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuba ufune unyango olusisiseko. Xa uqwalasela i-allergies shots le ngcaciso ingaba luncedo, njengeendlela zokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa iinambuzane ezahlukeneyo.
Oko kwathiwa, iimvavanyo zokungabikho komzimba zisetyenziselwa kunye nomlando ukukunceda ukucacisa umgca ocacileyo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezinambuzane:
Iibhatyi eziphuzi ziyizinambuzane ezinjengeentlobo ezihlala kwiimirundwe ezakhiwe emhlabathini, Zihlala zibazinambuzane ezinobundlobongela, kwaye ziyingozi ebonakalayo kwiipiknikki nakwiindawo zokurhweba apho iindawo zokutya kunye neziselo zotywala zininzi. Ukukhangela emlonyeni okanye ngaphakathi emlonyeni okanye emqaleni kuya kwenzeka xa isiselo siphunga sisuka kwi-soda evulekile ukuba ijezi eliphuzi likhawuleze. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukubethelwa kweebhatyi eziphuzi kunokubangela ukusuleleka kwesikhumba kuba ezi zinambuzane zingakwazi ukuthwala ibhaktheriya.
Iipiliti , kuquka iipompethi ezibomvu kunye ezimhlophe, zakha i-paper-mâché uhlobo lweentlobo emithini kunye nezihlahla. Ezi zinambuzane zinokuba nobudlova, kwaye zihlaba abantu ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa kancinci, njengomntu osondeleyo ekutsaleni intshontsho okanye ekunciphiseni umthi.
Iiflanzi zakha iinqunci zetyundi phantsi kweendlela zendlu, okanye emthini, shrub okanye phantsi kwefenitshala yepatio. Bavame ukungabi nobudlova ngaphezu kweebhatshani eziphuzi kunye neepompetethi, kwaye baninzi bayondla inambuzane kunye neritri yeentyatyambo.
I-honeybees isidleke esihlahleni semithi, izigodo okanye izakhiwo zangaphakathi. Ukushiya emlanjeni wabo, ama-honeybees ahlala engabi nxamnye kodwa angaba nobudlova xa umculi wabo usongelwa okanye uphazamiseka. Izibonda ezivela kwizinyosi ziqhelekile xa umntu ehamba ngeengubo ezinqabileyo kwi-lawn-filled filled clover. Ziyiyo kuphela inambuzane ehlabayo ukushiya isitoli kwesikhumba sexhoba, nangona ezinye iinambuzane ezigulisa ngamanye amaxesha zenza njalo. Nangona kuninzi ebhaliweyo malunga nokususa ama-stingers, indlela eyona nto yinto ekhawulezayo. Sekude ixesha lelincinci elusesikhumbeni (ukuya kumasekhondi angama-20 nanoma kunjalo) ininzi yesifo esingafakwa.
Ama-honeybees anamazwe amaninzi anamaqhinga kunobusi bekhaya, okwakhiwa ngama-honeybees ase-Afrika kunye nabusiki basekhaya eMzantsi Melika ngenjongo yokuvelisa ubuninzi bemveliso yobusi. Ubunzima babo bufana ne-honeybees yasekhaya-oko kuthetha ukuba umntu uyaxhamla kwi-honeybee eqhelekileyo iya kuba yindoda yokunyuka kwama-honeybees. Bajwayele ukubetha ngamaqela amakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ngamakhulu.
Iingqungquthela azifaneli zibethe abantu ngenxa yokuba zingenabundlobongela kwaye ziqhelekile. Baya kukhwaza xa bethuka okanye xa isidleke sazo siphazamiseka, kodwa sikhulu kwaye siphuthuma, umntu udla ixesha elininzi kunye nesilumkiso sokubalekela. Zidla ehlabathini okanye kwiimfumba zengca zengca okanye zokhuni kwaye zondla kwiinambuzane kunye neritri.
Funda kabanzi malunga nendlela yokufumana ukuba yintoni inambuzane ekugubungayo .
Thintelo
Ngokucacileyo, indlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela isenzo esilungileyo kukugwema ukugxeka. Nazi izicebiso ezimbalwa:
- Ukuqesha umxhatshazi oqeqeshiwe ukuphatha nayiphi na indawo eyaziwayo kwindawo esondeleyo; Uhlolo lwexesha elifanelekileyo ukwenzela ukuqhutyelwa kwe-infestation kufuneka lenziwe.
- Gwema ukukhangela okanye ukuphosa njengeentyatyambo. Musa ukugqoka iingubo ezimhlophe okanye iimpepha ezifudumeleyo, okanye iziqholo okanye ezinye izivalo eziza kubetha iinambuzane.
- Njalo gqoka izicathulo xa uhamba ngaphandle, ingakumbi ngotshani.
- Gqoka ibhulukhwe, iikhati ezinde, iiglavu, izicathulo eziseduze, kunye neesokisi xa usebenza ngaphandle.
- Yilumke xa usebenza ngeenxa zonke ezihlahleni, izihlahla, izihlahla kunye neenkunkuma.
- Njalo qwalasela ukutya kunye neziphuzo (ngokukodwa iikotini ezivulekileyo ze-soda okanye iziphuzo ezinomsila) ngaphambi kokudla, ikakhulukazi kumachibi kunye neepiknikhiya, apho kuthiwa zikhona iibheke eziphuzi.
- Gcina i-insecticide, evunyelwe ukuba isetyenziswe kwizinambuzane ezibethekayo, zifumaneke kufuneka unyango lwe-isidleke luyimfuneko.
U vavanya
Uvavanyo luyenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokunyuka kwesikhumba okanye ngokuqhuba i- RAST . Ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba kuseyindlela ekhethiweyo kwaye inkqubo iyafana nokuvavanywa kwe-pollen okanye i-pet allergies. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ukunyuka kweengcambu zeengqungquthela ukuze kutyunjwe. Iingcali zezilwanyana zivame ukuvavanya zonke iinambuzane ezinamaqanda (iinyosi, iifsi, njl njl njl njl njl) ekubeni izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abaqhelekanga ukuba bangazibandakanya ukuba zeziphi izilwanyana ezinokuzibamba.
Umntu ogxininiswa yintlanzi eyodwa kuphela unokubonisa iimvavanyo ezibangelwa ukunyuka kwezilwanyana ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Kule meko, unyango usebenzisa i-venom evela kuzo zonke iintlobo zidlalwa.
Ngubani omele ahlolwe
Akusoloko i-case-cutting cut that should be tested for bee allergies, kodwa ngokubanzi:
Uvavanyo aluyadingeki Ukuba umntu akazange agqitywe yi-insect, okanye akaze abe nempawu (ngaphandle kweentlungu kwisayithi se-sting) ngenxa yesigxina, akukho mfuneko yokwenza nayiphi na into yokuvavanywa kokutya.
Okanye, ukuba umntwana oneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-16 ubudala unempawu zesikhumba kuphela (njengemingxuma kunye nokuvuvukala) emva kokugquma. Oku kuba i-anaphylaxis iya kwenzeka kuphela kwi-10 yeepesenti zezilwanyana ezizayo.
Okanye, ukuba umntwana okanye umntu omdala unempendulo enkulu yendawo, apho ukuvuvukala kwenzeka kwindawo yesigxina kuphela, akuqhelekanga isizathu sokwenza uvavanyo lwentsholongwane okanye ukulawula i-venom shorts. Oku kungenxa yokuba ithuba lokuphuhlisa i-anaphylaxis kunye nezilwanyana ezizayo zi-5 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala. (Izifundo ezimbalwa zibonisa ukuba le mpendulo iyancipha ngokusetyenziswa kwe-immunotherapy ye-venom, kwaye oku kungadingeka kwiimeko apho ukugquma kudla rhoqo kwaye ukuvuvukala kukuphazamisa umgangatho wobomi okanye amandla okusebenza.)
Uvavanyo luyadingeka: Ukuba umntu oneminyaka nayiphi na ubudala unempawu ze-anaphylaxis (jonga iphepha 1) emva kokugubha. Kungenxa yokuba umntu unama-60 ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini ithuba lokuba izilwanyana ezizayo ziza kubangela ukuphendula okufanayo. Ithuba lokusabela kwixesha elizayo liza kuhla kwexesha kodwa kusekho malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokugquma kokugqibela.
Kwakhona, ukuba kukho inkxalabo ethile yomzali okanye umntwana usemngciphekweni ophezulu wokubamba, ukuhlolwa kwentsholongwane kunye nokonyango kuyindlela efanelekileyo. Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezulu kwe-16 kunye nale nkxalabo kufuneka babe nokuvavanywa kwentsholongwane kunye nonyango, banike umngcipheko ophezulu we-anaphylaxis kunye nezilingo ezizayo.
Inqaku : Ukuba umntu ufunyanwe ukuba novavanyo oluthile lwe-allergies ukuya kwi-venom, kodwa engenayo impawu ngeengcingo, ithuba lokuhlakulela i-anaphylaxis kunye nezilingo ezizayo malunga neepesenti ezingama-17.
Unyango
Unyango lwezilwanyana ezinobungozi buquka ukulawulwa kwempembelelo enzima, kwakunye nokuthintela ukuphendula kwangomso.
Ukunyangwa ngokukhawuleza kokuphendula okumangalisayo. U-Epinephrine unyango olukhethiweyo lwe-anaphylaxis. Abantu abaneengxaki zezilwanyana ezikhuthazwayo zikhuthazwa ukuba baphathe uhlobo lokuzijocaza lwe-epinephrin, njenge-Epi-Pen okanye iTwin-Ject ifowuni. Ukuba le nyanga iyadingeka, kunyanzelekile ukuba unyango olukhawulezileyo lufunekayo, kwaye loo mntu kufuneka abize i-911 okanye aye kwigumbi lexakeka.
Ukuba ukubetha okanye imingxube yimiqondiso kuphela, i- antihistamine yomlomo ingaba yinto efunekayo nangona ifuna ingqwalasela yonyango ingxamisekileyo isacetyiswa. Ukuba iimpawu ezinzima okanye ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba kukuchaphazela ukuphefumula, ke kufuneka i-epinephrin iyadingeka.
Ukuba i-stinger ihlala elukhumbeni, njenge-honeybee sting, kufuneka isuswe ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukuba i-venom engaphezulu ingeniswe kwi-sting. Ungayifaki isicingo okanye indawo yesikhumba-endaweni yoko, shenxisa i-stinger ngaphandle ngokugqithisa okanye ukhiphe i-stinger ngaphandle kwekhadi lesikweletu. Beka i-ice okanye i-compress frost kwi-site ye-sting ukuze unciphise ukuvuvukala kwendawo.
Unyango lweempendulo ezizayo. Ukukhusela iimpendulo kwizilwanyana ezizayo zegciwane, thintela ukujikeleza izinambuzane. Ukuba umntu uye wafumana i-anaphylaxis, okanye iimpawu zesikhumba zomzimba wonke (umquba, ukubetha, ukuxubha, ukuvuvukala kwisayithi ye-sting) kule minyaka engama-16 ubudala nangaphezulu, ngoko kufuneke ukuba kuqhutywe isifo kunye nokuhlolwa.
I-Immunotherapy, okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo , usebenzisa intlungu ehlambulukileyo evela kuhlobo lwesinambuzane apho umntu ahlaselwa khona, angayiphilisa inambuzane. I-allergies shots isebenzisa intlungu ecocekileyo inikwa ngendlela efana neyokwehla kwe-pollen. Emva kokuba umntu ethola amanyathelo afanelekileyo wesifo semfuyo, ikhefu lokusabela kunye nezilingo ezizayo liyancipha libe ngaphantsi kwama-5 ekhulwini. Emva kohlu lweentlobo zokungena kwezilwanyana okungenani iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwe-5, abaninzi abantu banokuyeka ukutshulwa ngaphandle kokunyuka okukhulu kwithuba lokuziphendulela.
Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu abaneempembelelo ezinzima, ezisongela ubomi ezivela kwiintlobo zezilwanyana, okanye abo bafumana i-anaphylaxis kwi-stroke-allergies, bafuna ukutyhutyana neengxaki zokutya. Oku kungenxa yokuba amathuba omntu wokuphendulwa kwezibonda ezizayo angakhuphuka ngokukhawuleza ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokuba i-shortener shots ishiyiwe. Esi sihloko siyindawo eqhubekayo yophando lwezilwanyana kunye nokufuna ingxoxo ngokucokisekileyo phakathi komntu kunye ne-allergenist.
Kwabo abanesifo esiqinileyo esinokuthi-ngenxa yomsebenzi okanye izinto zokuzilibazisa-nokuba kwimeko apho ukuqhuma kunokuba lula khona, ukukhethwa kwe- immunotherapy okukhawulezayo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe. Ukukhawuleza kwe-immunotherapy efana nokukhawuleza, nangona inomngcipheko ophezulu wokuphendula, ingabangela ukulawulwa kweengxube zentlungu ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza ukuba "ngokuqhelekileyo" ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi.
Emva kwe-Allergy Shots ye-Bee Allergy
Abanye abagulisa i-allergen baqhuba ukuhlolwa kokunyamezela, nokuba ngaba vavanyo lwesikhumba okanye i-RAST, emva kokuba i-immunotherapy ye-venom inikezelwe ixesha elide. I-Venom immunotherapy inokumiswa kuninzi lwabantu abanokuhlolwa kwe-allergies kuguquka kakubi, nangona u vavanyo alisoloko lujika, nakubantu abafumene i-venom shorts for years.
Uphando olutsha luchaza ukuba abaninzi abantwana abaqala ukukhwabanisa kweezinyosi zezinyosi abagqibeli unyango lwabo. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ukukhwabanisa kwezilwanyana kungaphilisa inyosi yokugulisa i-beer kunye nokunciphisa ubungozi bokusingatha ubomi obusongela ubomi kwixesha elizayo, kodwa kufuneka kuzaliswe ikhosi epheleleyo.
Ngaphantsi
Bonke abantu abanembali yokuphendula ngokuthe tye kwiintlobo zezinambuzane, kubandakanywa nabantwana abaneempendulo zesikhumba kuphela, kunye nabo banempendulo enkulu yendawo, kufuneka baqikelele ukuba babe nolunye uhlobo lwesilumkiso sezokwelapha , nokuba isalathisi, ikhadi lekhredithi, okanye i-ID yeskripthi echaza imeko yabo yonyango , kunye nokuba ne-injection form ye-epinephrine ekhoyo ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza. Le EpiPen kufuneka iqhutywe nawe naphi na apho uya khona. I-TSA ikuvumela ukuba uqhube i-EpiPen yakho ekuqhubekeni kwakho xa uhamba, kodwa khangela ingqalelo ukuze uqinisekise.
Izinyosi ze-bee ziqhelekileyo, kwaye ukuphendulwa kwemizimba kungabangela ukuphendula kakubi okanye nokufa. Oko kwathiwa, ukuqonda iimpawu ze-anaphylaxis kunye nokucela ukuba ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza kunokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezisongela ubomi.
Uninzi lwabantu abaneempendulo ezinobubele aluyi kufuna izibhengezo, kodwa ukukhwabanisa kwamanye amazwe kunika ithuba lokunyanga kwabo baxineke kakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele elinye ixesha lokugqibela lokuba ininzi yokufa ngenxa yezinyosi zokugonywa kwezilwanyana zivela kulabo abangenalo ulwazi oluthile lokuzibulala. Wonke umntu kufuneka azi kakuhle iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-anaphylaxis kunye nendlela yokuqhagamshelana nxamnye ncedo xa unesidingo.
> Imithombo
- > Fiedler, C., Miehe, U., Treudler, R., Kiess, W., noFrenzel. Ukulandelelwa kwexesha elide labantwana emva kwe-Venom Immunotherapy: Ukunyaniseka okuphantsi kwe-Anaphylaxis Guidelines. IiNcwadi zoLondolozo lweeNkcukacha zamazwe ngamazwe we-Allergy and Immunology 2017. 172 (3): 167-172.
- > Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. ENew York: iMac Graw Hill Education, 2015. Print.
- > Vachova, M., Panzner, P., Malkusova, I., Hanzlikova, J., noT. Vlas. Ukusetyenziswa kweeLebhu zokuVavanya ukuHlola i-Hymenoptera Venom I-allergies. Inkqubo yokuLuthwa kweeNtsholongwane kunye neNtsholongwane . 2016. 37 (3): 248-55.