I-antihistamines yesizukulwana sesibini ikhethwa ngokubanzi.
I-Histamine yikhemikhali ekhishwe kwiiseli ezixhamlekileyo emzimbeni (ezifana nezisisithi zesistim kunye ne- basophils ), ngokuqhelekileyo ekuphenduleni i-allergen njenge-cat dander okanye impova.
Xa i-histamine ikhutshwa ngamaseli anqabileyo kwimpumlo nakwamehlo, isiphumo sitshisa, impumlo ye-runny, amehlo enamehlo / impumlo / umqala, ukuxininiseka kwendoda kunye ne-post-nasal drip. Ezi ziimpawu zefayil fever, eyaziwa ngokuba yi -rhinitis ye-allergen .
I-Antihistamines yimithi ekhusela i-receptor ye-histamine, ngaloo ndlela imisa iimpawu ezibangelwa yi-histamine. I-Antihistamines yimizi eqhelekileyo ekusetyenzisweni ngayo ukunyanga i-rhinitis.
Ziziphi Ezinye Iimpawu Zama-Antihistamine?
Ama-antihistamine amadala, abizwa ngokuba yi-antihistamines yesizukulwana sokuqala, afaka:
- Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
- I-Chlor-Trimeton (i-chlorpheniramine)
- I-Atarax / iVistaril (i-hydroxyzine)
Ezi antihistamine zineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-anticholinergic, iziphumo ezinokubandakanya umlomo owomileyo, ukulala, ukuzitywa kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ngenxa yemiphumo emibi yala mayeza, ngokuqhelekileyo kubonwa njengento yokuhlala esetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwimihla ngemihla.
Ngenxa yoko, eli nqaku liza kuxubusha kuphela i-antihistamines entsha, njengoko ichazwe ngezantsi.
I-antihistamines emitsha, ebizwa ngokuba yi-antihistamines yesizukulwana sesibini ibandakanya:
- Clarinex (desloratadine)
- UClaritin , Alavert, ii-generics ezahlukeneyo (i-loratadine)
- Xyzal (levocetirizine)
Ezi antihistamines ezitsha zihlala ziba neempembelelo ezincinci ze-anticholinergic kwaye ngoko kuthiwa "ukuhlalisa" okanye "ukungaboni".
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i- montelukast (i-Singulair), ayikho i-antihistamine, kodwa i-antitileukotriene.
I-Leukotrienes yile makhemikhali ekhutshwe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamagciwane kwaye angabangela izibonakaliso zokungabikho komzimba, ngokukodwa ukuxinana kwe-nasal.
Ziziphi iimpawu zeHay fever Ngaba ama-Antihistamines ayaphatha?
I-Antihistamines ivimba isenzo se-histamine, kunye neempawu ezihlobene ne-histamine ziquka:
- ukukrazula
- impumlo enemifinya
- amehlo anamehlo
- impumlo ephosa
- iindlebe ezibukhali
- emqaleni
Ezinye izibonakaliso, kubandakanywa ukungena kwe-post-nasal, ukukhwehlela, kunye nokuxinwa kwamanzi kungabangelwa yi-histamine, ngoko ke kungaphathwa ngama-antihistamines.
Nangona kunjalo, i-antihistamines ngokuqhelekileyo ayisebenzisekanga kakhulu ekuphatheni umonakalo we-post-nasal kunye neempawu zokuxininiseka kwamanzi, kuba ezinye iikhemikhali ngaphandle kwe-histamine zingabandakanyeka.
Yiyiphi i-Antihistamine esebenza kakuhle?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo isekelwe ngokupheleleyo kumava kunye namavo njengoko ibhodi eqinisekisiweyo. Izifundo zinceda kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuba yiyiphi imishanguzo isebenza kakuhle, kodwa kufuneka igcinwe engqondweni yiphi inkampani ehlawula isifundo.
Ngoluvo lwam lokuba iZyrtec neAllegra zihambelana kakhulu, kunye ne-antihistamines enhle kakhulu. Ndicinga ukuba la mayeza asebenza kangcono kunokuba nguClaritin okanye uClaineinex. Ngeli xesha, ndivakalelwa kukuba i-Zyrtec iyona nto i-antihistamine engcono kakhulu ekhoyo e-US ukwenzela unyango lwe-rhinitis.
Yiyiphi i-Antihistamine ebangela ixabiso elincinci lokuHlala?
Isihloko sedation sibalulekile. Ukutshatyalaliswa kubhekisela kwingcamango yokuba umntu uziva elele. Oku kwahluke kunokonakala, okubhekiselele kwingcamango yokuba amandla omntu okwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yengqondo kunye nemizimba echaphazelekayo.
Kuphela i-antihistamine engeyiyo yokuhlala ekhoyo okwangoku i-Allegra. I-Zyrtec ibangela ukuba i-sedation ibe yihlanu ukuya kweyeshumi ngaphezu kwe-placebo. UClaritin kunye noClarinex bangela ukuba ubude obuncinane. Akukho nanye kwezi zi-antihistamines zesizukulwana sesibini, xa zisetyenziselwa izilwanyana ezicetyiswayo ze-rhinitis ye-allergen, ziye zaboniswa zibangele ukungonakali.
Oku kuqhathaniswa nama-antihistamine amadala, afana ne-Benadryl, ayaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo ekubangeni ukungonakali kwemisebenzi yengqondo kunye nemizimba.
> Imithombo:
> I-Allegra ichaza ulwazi. Aventis Pharmaceuticals.
> I-Zyrtec icwangcisa ulwazi. Pfizer Pharmaceuticals.
> Wallace DV et al. Ukuxilongwa kunye nokulawulwa kwe-rhinitis: ipharamitha yokusebenza ehlaziyiweyo. J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2008 Aug; 122 (2 Suppl): S1-84.