Imbali yikhemikhali efunyenweyo kwaye ikhutshwe ngamaseli esisigxina angakhokelela kwiimpawu ezithile kuxhomekeke kwinxalenye yomzimba apho ukukhululwa kwe-histamine kwenzeka khona:
- Iphunga: impumlo ye-runny
- Amehlo: ihlazo, amanzi
- Intshontsho: ibuhlungu, ibuhlungu
- I-Lung: i- wheezing , ukuqina kwesifuba , ukuphefumula okufutshane , kunye nokukhwehlela
I-Historine isebenza njani
Imbali ngumlamli womzimba womzimba okanye, ngokulula, umthunywa weekhemikhali owanceda ukuphendula impendulo yomzimba wakho kummangaleli wangaphandle.
I-Histamine ixelela indlela yokuzivikela kwendalo yakho indlela yokusabela ngayo into ekubona ngayo njengaphandle. Nge-asthma kunye ne-allergies, umzimba wakho usabela ngokugqithiseleyo kwinto engeyona ingozi ngokukodwa kodwa ibangela ukuba isistim somzimba sakho sokuzivikela sisabele. Imbali isebenza njengezithuthi zonxibelelwano phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo omzimba.
Kwi-asthma, i-histamine iphromotha i-bronchoconstriction kunye nokuveliswa kwe-mucus.
Ivelaphi Imbali?
Imbali ikhutshwe kwii-cell mast kunye ne- basophil xa ukhangelekile kwiimpawu zokutya. Xa i-histamine ikhutshwe, impendulo ye-allergen iqala. Izidakamizwa ze-Antihistamine zisetyenziselwa unyango lweempawu ezibangelwa ukukhululwa kwe-histamine. Ezinye iidakamizwa ezichasene ne-histamine ziquka:
- IZyrtec
- Allegra
- Claritin
- Benadryl
Leukotriene Ukuguqula izidakamizwa
Enye iklasi yezilwanyana ezijongene nemiphumo ye-histamine yi-leukotriene modifiers.
Ezi zi yobisi zinciphisa i-bronchoconstriction kwaye zinciphisa umkhiqizo we-mucus kunye nokunciphisa i-edema okanye ukuvuvukala kunye nokuveliswa kwe-eosinophil njengenxalenye yophiko lwe-asthma.
Ezi ziyobisi zixhomekeke kakuhle zizigulane kwaye uphando oluninzi lubonisa ukunyanzelana kokubhekiselele kule nyango xa kuthelekiswa nokunye unyango lwe-asthma.
Uninzi lwamabhalana abo asebenzisa iziyobisi lincoma ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemiphunga rhoqo, okufuneka isele ibe yinxalenye yesicwangciso sakho sokunyamekela nge-asthma. Ukongezelela, kukho ukusebenzisana okuphawulekayo kunye negazi elincinci le-warfarin kwakunye neenguqu zokuziphatha ezichazwe kwiintsholongwane. Nangona ukudandatheka kubonwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkwenkwezi ezithandwayo, kwakungekho ukwanda kwezona ziyazibulala.
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zabonisa umphumo we-bronchodilatory kwakunye nophuculo lweempawu ze-asthma. Ezinye iindlela zokubaluleka kwezinto eziphambili zibhekiselele ekusebenziseni ukunciphisa i- inhalers , kunye nokunciphisa i-asthma exacerations kunye neziqulana ezifuna i-steroids yomlomo njenge- prednisone . Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziyobisi azibonakali zisebenzayo njenge-inhaled steroids ye-asthma yakho. Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonise ukuba uphuculo lomsebenzi wamaphaphu luphezulu kakhulu nge-steroids enganyangekiyo, kubakho ukukhushulwa okuncinci, kwaye izigulane zinamava amaninzi angabonakali. Ngenxa yoko, izikhokelo zesizwe zicetyiswa ngokucacileyo ukuba i-steroids i-inhaled njengeyonyango lokuqala xa ufuna uncedo olungaphezulu kokusindisa inhaler.
Kuyaziwa ukuba ukunyamezela ngesigulane kwi-steroids engenayo ifuthe, kwaye uphando oluninzi lubonise ukunyamezela kokunyamezela kwesigxina kwi-montelukast yansuku zonke ngokuthelekiswa ne-steroid enganyanga kubantwana nakubantu abadala.
Abazali bahlala bexhalabele ngemiphumo emibi ye-steroids enganyangekiyo kwaye bahlala bephantsi kolawulo lwabagqirha.
Ukunamathela ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-montelukast kunokucacisa iimpembelelo ezinokufaniswa ezifanayo ezinokulawulwa kwe-asthma kwii-GC ezixhasayo kwezinye iinjongo "zehlabathi lokwenene". Nangona kubaluleka kwalo mbandela kwiinkqubo zonyango, ngokubanzi lukhutshwe kwiimvavanyo zonyango, izifundo ezikhokelela ekuvunyelweni kwezidakamizwa yi-FDA, ngokuba ngabaququzeleli bokufunda bazisa izikhumbuzo rhoqo kwizigulane kunye nokungabandakanyi kwezi gulane ezithobelayo (njengoko zibhalwe ngabahloli be-elektroniki ezakhiwe kwii-inhaler zixhobo) zihluphekile.
Kwakhona kubonakala ukuba oogqirha bokunakekela abaphambili banamathele ekulawuleni i-steroids. Ngaloo ndlela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-steroids engathintekiyo inokuba yintoni, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiimeko ezikhoyo ngokwenene kunqunywe ngokungqinelana nokumisela.
Nangona kungenjalo ukhetho olukhethiweyo olusekelwe kwizikhokelo ze-asthma zangoku, i-leukotriene modifiers yindlela efanelekileyo njenge-arhente yokulawula umgca wokuqala kwizigulane ezingazithathiyo okanye ezingenakukwazi ukunyamezela i-steroids engenayo. Ukuqinisekiswa kwalendlela kuxhaswa ngolu hlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi "pragmatic" lwenziwa kwizigulane ezingama-306 ezilawulwa kwiinkqubo zokunyamekela eziprayimari, apho i-montelukast iboniswe ukuba iyafana ne-steroid engummiselo njengonyango lolawulo lokuqala.
> Imithombo
> Busse et al. I-dose ephantsi ye-fluticasone propionate efaniswa ne-montelukast kwonyango lokuqala lwe-asthma eqhubekayo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107: 461-8
> Intliziyo yeSizwe, iLung, neSigqeba seGazi. Ingxelo yePhaneli yeNgcali 3 (EPR3): Izikhokelo zoLwazi kunye noLawulo lwe-Asthma
> Scaparotta A et al. I-Montelukast ngokubhekiselele kwi-corticosteroids ephawulwayo ekulawuleni kweso sifo somoya oqhubekayo. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2012; 7 (1): 13.