IiNkxaso zoNcedo ngokukhawuleza zoPhuculo lweSifo seSifuba sokuHlola i-Asthma
Ngelixa i- bronchodilators emfutshane i- bronchodilators (i-SABAs) njenge-Albuterol yimizi yokuncedisa eyona nto yokusetyenziswa , ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula, kunye nokuqhuma okuhambisana ne-asthma, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela amanye amachiza angayisebenzisa njengenxalenye yesifo sakho se-asthma cwangciso okanye kwi-ofisi okanye kwimeko yesebe.
Siza kuxubusha:
- I-SABA (isib. Albuterol)
- Anticholinergics (umz. Atrovent)
- I-Steroids (umz. Prednisone)
SABA
I-SABA inikezela ukukhululeka kwe-bronchoconstriction, okanye ukuqiniswa kwezihlunu emphupheni, ngokuziphucula izihlunu. Ngethuba lemizuzu yokusebenzisa izihlunu ezihamba kakuhle, izihlunu ezinqamlekileyo ukukhululwa kwe-airways, ukukhutshwa komoya kuyancipha, kwaye ukuphefumla kuba lula njengoko umoya ohamba phambili uhamba ngeendlela zokuphefumula.
Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwee-SABA ngexesha elifutshane lixesha elifanelekileyo lokukhupha iimpawu ze-asthma nokuphucula ukuphefumula, kodwa ngelixa kunika inkxaso, ukusetyenziswa kwe-SABA rhoqo kuluphawu lolawulo lwe- asthma olubi. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa iSABA ngaphezu kwephindwe kabini ngeveki okanye uhamba nge-SABA enye ye-inhaler engaphantsi kwenyanga, i-asthma yakho ilawulwa kakubi. Kufuneka ubone ugqirha uze uxoxe ngezenzo ezinjengokuqala okanye ukwandisa umthamo we- steroid engabonakaliyo.
I-SABs iphumelele xa ikhutshwe nge-inhaler ye-metered imitha ngokusebenzisa i-spacer okanye ihanjiswa nge-nebulizer ukuze loo mayeza asebenze ngqo kwimpompo.
Kubantwana abancinane kakhulu, abanye ababonelela ngempilo bayasasebenzisa ii-SABA zomlomo, kodwa iziphumo zecala ziqhelekileyo kwaye iifom zomlomo zonyango azisebenzi ngendlela ebonakalayo njenge-inhaler ene-spacer. Ngokubanzi, i-SABA ye-inhaled zikhethwa ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ziphucula ngokukhawuleza kwaye iziphumo ezingekho phantsi.
Iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo zeSABA ziquka:
- Iqondo lentliziyo ekhawulezayo
- Ukungabi naso
- Intloko
- Ukuthuthumela kwemizimba
- I-potassium ephantsi
- Izifo zokulala
Anticholinergics
Iziyobisi ze-anticholinergic zinika ukuphumula kwemizimba kunye nokukhululeka kwesithintelo ngokusebenza kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo kwimiphunga. Ngenxa yokuba iziyobisi ezichasinlinergic zisebenza kwii-cell receptors ezahlukeneyo kunezo zi-bronchodilators, oogqirha abaninzi baya kudibanisa nokusetyenziswa kwe-anticholinergics kunye ne-bronchodilators ukwenzela ukukhululeka okubangelwa yi-airway obstruction. I-Anticholinergics inokudibaniswa kunye ne-bronchodilators kwi-nebulizer okanye ihanjiswe njenge-inhalers ehlukeneyo kunye ne-spacer. Kukho nezinye i-inhalers eziliqela ezidibanisa i-anticholinergics kunye ne-bronchodilators engasetyenziswa kubantu abadala.
Nangona i-beta-agonists isebenza emaminithini kwaye ibe nexesha elifanelekileyo lokwelapha lemizuzu embalwa, i-anticholinergics ithatha ixesha elide ukuvelisa umphumo kwaye umphumo uhlala ixesha elide. Kungathatha imizuzu engama-30 i-80% yempembelelo ye-bronchodilatory iya kukhutshwa kwi-inhalation kwaye iziphumo zingapheli ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-6. Ngaloo ndlela, i-anticholinergics ayifanelekile ukuba unyango olunzulu lweempawu ze-asthma yedwa.
I-anticholinergics ekhutshwe nge-inhaled ivame ukunyamezela kakhulu kunye nemiphumo embalwa yenkqubo yokucatshulwa i-beta-agonists.
Ezinye zeempembelelo ezibiweyo ziquka:
- Intloko
- Umlomo omile
- Ukuthuka
- Isiqhamo
- I-Stuffy ekhaleni kunye nentlungu yesono
- Isisu kunye nesisu esicasulayo
- Izimpawu ezinjenge-Flu
- Umbono ongezantsi
- Utywala
Steroids
Emva kweyure lo kunyango, izinga lokuphucula ukukhutshwa komoya linciphisa kakhulu. Ukuthatha i-systemic steroids okanye ngomlomo okanye nge-intravenous (iv) umgca unokunyusa ngokukhawuleza ukuphucula ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwimpompo. Izikhokelo zamanje zincoma i-steroids nayiphi na isigulane nge-PEFR engaphantsi kwe-70% eqikelelwe.
Uphuculo lomqondiso emva kokuphathwa kwe-steroid ngokubanzi kuthatha ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-6.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ukuba ufuna i-steroids ngaphambili okanye ukuba ubonakala ugula ngokwaneleyo kwintetho abaza kuphutha kwicala lokunika i-steroids. Ugqirha wakho uza kubuza iqela lemibuzo kwaye wenze iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba awukwazi ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yebhaktheriya. Isiphumo sokunika i-systemic steroids kumntu onentsholongwane echaphazelekayo yentsholongwane yebhaktheriya iyafana nento eyenzekayo xa uhambisa umqalo womlilo emlilweni osebenzayo kwaye unokukhokelela ekugqithiseni kakhulu.
Imiphumo emibi ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane i-steroid iquka:
- Ukwandisa ukutya
- Ukunyanzelisa
- Ukhathazeka okanye ukungazinzi
- Utywala okanye ukukhanya
- Ukuqhuma ubuso okanye izihlathi
- AmaHiccups
- Ukwandisa ukujuluka
- Amazinga e-glucose ephakamileyo
Kwixesha elide ukuba ufuna iindidi ezininzi ze-steroids ukonge umngcipheko wexinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, i-cataract emehlweni, ukulawulwa kwetyhukela yegazi, kunye neengxaki zethambo ezifana ne-osteoporosis.
Umniki-nkonzo wakho wempilo unemiyalezo eyahlukeneyo yokunceda ngokukhawuleza ukufumana unyango lwe-asthma yakho. Mhlawumbi uya kusebenzisa i-SABA njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sakho sokunyamekela nge-asthma, kodwa ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kukuphawu lolawulo olubi. Umniki-nkonzo wakho wezempilo unokusebenzisa i-steroids kunye ne-anticholinergics kwiimeko ezithile ukuba i-asthma yakho iqhubekile. Ukuqonda indima yilezi zonyango kunye neziphumo ezichaphazelekayo ziya kukunceda ufumane ukulawula okungcono kwe-asthma yakho.
Imithombo:
> FamilyDoctor.org. Uphulo lwe-Asthma.
> Intliziyo yeSizwe, iLung, neSigqeba seGazi. Ingxelo yePhaneli yeNgcali 3 (EPR3): Izikhokelo zoLwazi kunye noLawulo lwe-Asthma
> Isifuba. Kwimithi yeChest: Izinto eziphambili zePulmonary And Medicinal Care Medicine . Abahleli: URonald B. George, uRichard W. Ukukhanya, uRichard A. Matthay, uMichael A. Matthay. Ngomhla ka-2005, umqulu we-5.