Ukuphazamiseka Kwegazi (Blood Disorders) Ongaqondakalayo kwiSkrini esandulwayo

Namhlanje eUnited States zonke iintsana ziza kuhlolwa zibizwa ngokuba yinkrini entsha . Olu vavanyo luvame ukuqoqwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana asuswe esibhedlele. Igazi liqokelelwa kwiphepha lefayili elibizwa ngekhadi leGuthrie kwaye lithunyelwe kwibhan yelizwe.

Kwamanye amazwe, uvavanyo luphindaphindiwe malunga neveki ezimbini kamva. Isifo sokuqala esiyihlolwe yi-phenylketonuria (PKU); Abanye abantu basabhekisela kule nto njengolu vavanyo lwe-PKU, kodwa namhlanje iziphazamiso ezininzi zihlolwe ngolu hlobo lwesampula segazi. Injongo yeskrini esandula kuzalwa kukubona iimeko ezizuze ifa, ukwenzela ukuba unyango luqale ekuqaleni kwaye lukhusele iingxaki.

Kukho iingxaki ezininzi zegazi ezingabonwa kwikrini elitsha. Siza kuziphonononga apha. Ukuvavanya akufani ngokufanayo kuwo onke ama-50, kodwa ngokubanzi, ezininzi ziza kufunyanwa.

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Isifo-Isifo Segciwane

Ingxaki yokuqala yegazi eyongeziweyo kwiskrini esandul ' isandul' isifo sesigulane . Ekuqaleni, uvavanyo lwalubekelwe kwimimandla ethile okanye amahlanga, kodwa ngokunyuka kweentlobo zabantu, ngoku zonke iintsana ziyavavanywa. Iskrini esitsha esingazalwa sisenokufumana isifo sesibini-iseli kunye nomzila wegalele-cell. Abantwana abachongiweyo ngesifo segulane-cell sele baqaliswa kwi-penicillin ukukhusela iintsholongwane ezisongela ubomi. Lo mqathango olula utshintshe isifo se-gel-cell njengento ebonakalayo kubantwana abanesifo esipheleleyo.

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Beta iThalassemia

Injongo yokujonga i-beta thalassemia kukuchonga abantwana abane-beta thalassemia abaziintloko abaya kufuna ukunyuswa kwegazi rhoqo ngenyanga. Kunzima ukugqiba ukuba umntwana uya kufuna ukutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elizeleyo kusekelwe kwiskrini esandula kuzalwa kuphela, kodwa abantwana abachongwe njenge-beta thalassemia baya kubhekiswa kwisifo se-hematologist ukuze bakwazi ukuvavanyelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-anemia ephezulu.

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Hemoglobin H

I-Hemoglobin H luhlobo lwe-alpha thalassemia olwenza ukuba i-anemicia ephantsi. Nangona ezi gulane zifuna ukuba zingaphantsi kwegazi, zi nokuba ne-anemia enamandla ngexesha lokugula kunye nomkhuhlane ofuna ukumpontshelwa igazi. Ukuchonga kwezi gulane kusenesikhathi kuvumela abazali ukuba bafundiswe ngempawu kunye neempawu zesifo esinamandla esilaphazelekayo.

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Hemoglobin C

Efana ne-hemoglobin S (okanye i-heleog heboglobin), i-hemoglobin C ibangela iseli elibomvu legazi elibukeka ngathi lifana ne-bullseye (ityegethi elisele) kunomnikelo. Ukuba umzali omnye unomzila wesigxina kunye nesinye sinomdla we-hemoglobin C, bane-1 kwithuba eli-4 lokuba nomntwana ene-Hemoglobin SC, uhlobo lwesifo segulane. Kukhona izifo ze-hemoglobin C ezifana nesifo se-hemoglobin CC kunye ne-hemoglobin C / beta thalassemia. Ezi aziyizifo zokugula. Oku kubangela ukubahluko we-anemia kunye ne-hemolysis (i-red cell cell breakdown), kodwa kungekhona intlungu enjenge-cell-cell.

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Hemoglobin E

Eyona mpu melelo kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, i-hemoglobin E iyanciphise umveliso kwaye inzima ukugcina isimo sayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanganisa i-hemoglobin E kunye ne-beta thalassemia enokubangela ukuba i-thalassemia iphambili, kunye neemfuno zokumpontshelwa ubomi. Ukuba intsana ilifa i-hemoglobin E ukusuka kumzali ngamnye, unokufumana isifo se-hemoglobin EE. I-Hemoglobin I-EE isifo esincinci singasayi kuba negazi legazi kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi (microcytosis).

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IHemoglobin

Ukongeza kwi-hemoglobins S, C, no-E kukho ukuhluka kwe-hemoglobin engaphezulu kwe-1000. La ma hemoglobins anegama elingavamile njengeConstant Spring kunye neMemphis (baqeshwe ngeendawo apho baqala ukubonwa khona). Uninzi lwaba bantu alukho naluphi na ukliniki. Kwininzi yeintsana, kucetyiswa ukuphinda umsebenzi wegazi malunga neenyanga ezili-9 ukuya kwezi-12 ukuchonga ukuba ngaba kukho nawuphi na ukubaluleka.

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Alpha Thalassemia Trait

Ngamanye amaxesha inqaku le-alpha thalassemia (okanye elincinci) lingabonwa kwikrini elitsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiphumo siza kubhala i-hemoglobin Barts okanye iindidi ezikhawulezayo. Uhlobo lwe-Alpha lwe-thalassemia lungabangela i-anemia elula kunye neeseli zegazi ezibomvu kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ziyahamba zingabonakali. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba umntwana unesiskrini esitsha esasisandul 'ukuzalwa asithethi ukuba yena akanalo uphawu lwe-alpha thalassemia; kunokuba nzima ukuzibona. Kamva kwindlela yobomi be-alpha thalassemia inokudideka kunye ne-iron anemia.

Yazi iziphumo zabantwana bakho

Qinisekisa ukuba uhlaziya iziphumo zeskrini sakho esitsha esitsha somntwana kunye nezingane zakho. Umntwana wakho akanakho ukuba neyodwa yalezi ngxaki kodwa unokuba ngumphathiswa omnye. Oku kubalulekile ukwabelana nomntwana wakho ngaphambi kokuba aqale intsapho.