Amakhowe ayimfungulu encinci okanye emikhulu enemizimba ehlukeneyo yokukhula kwaye ikhule ngaphezu okanye ngaphantsi komhlaba. Amakhowe atywayo adla ngokuba yingxenye yokutya okunempilo, kwaye mhlawumbi uye wambona iintlobo ezimbalwa zale venkile okanye kwimenyu kwiindawo zokudlela ozithandayo. Nangona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni, ezinye iichiyo ziye zasetyenziswa kwiyeza laseGrike nelaseShayina ukunyanga iimeko ezithile zonyango, ezifana nokuvuvukala, ukukhathala okanye ukusuleleka.
Ngenxa yeenzuzo zabo zezempilo, amakhowe ahlala ebizwa ngokuthi "ukutya okusebenzayo". Kwakhona kukho iiphononongo zezifundo eziye zajonga ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezithile zeenkowa ezidliwayo ekuphatheni izifo zentliziyo-kuquka i-cholesterol ephezulu kunye ne- triglycerides- kwaye iziphumo zize zivele zithembise.
AmaMushrooms aQinisekisa njani?
Ngelishwa, ininzi yezifundo ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlolisisa ukusetyenziswa kwamakhowe ekunciphiseni i-cholesterol ephezulu okanye i-triglycerides zenziwe kwizilwanyana, ezifana neerati, onogwaja kunye namagundane. Ininzi yezi zifundo zihlola kuphela i-shiitake (i- Lentinus edodes ), i-Portobello (i- Agaricus bisporus ) okanye i-oyster mushrooms (i- Pleurotus ostreatus ) - enye yamakhowa athandwayo atholakala kwiindawo zokutya kunye neevenkile. Ezi zilwanyana zondliwa ipesenti yamakhowe omisiwe ekudleni kwazo kwixesha elilodwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbini. Kwezinye zezi zifundo, kubonakala ngathi:
- Amanqanaba e- cholesterol ayonke ayancitshiswa phakathi kweepesenti ezili-10 kunye nama-65 ekhulwini.
- Amanqanaba e- Triglyceride ayancipha ngamaphesenti angama-70.
- Amanqanaba e- LDL e- cholesterol anciphisa phakathi kwama-5 no-54 ekhulwini.
- Iinqwelo ze- cholesterol ze- HDL azibonakali zichaphazeleka kwiinkalo ezininzi.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba izifundo ezimbalwa kuphela zijonge i-HDL, i-LDL, kunye namazinga e-triglyceride, ngelixa uphando oluninzi lukhangele umphumo wamakhowa kwizinga le-cholesterol elipheleleyo.
Iziphumo zokuhlola iintlobo zama-mushroom ezibonakalayo zibonakala zixhomekeke kumthamo, oku kuthetha ukuba inani eliphakamileyo lama-mushroom elidliwayo liza kubangela ukunciphisa okukhulu kweepids. Ukongezelela, ukunciphisa kakhulu kweepidids kwaphawulwa kwizilwanyana nazo zidla ukutya okuphezulu kwioli okanye i-cholesterol.
Kukho ezimbalwa izifundo zabantu ezihlolisisa umphumo wama-mushroom kwi-cholesterol nakwizinga le-triglyceride. Ezi zifundo zincinci kwaye ziphikisana:
- Kwisifundo esinye, abantu abahlanu batsha i-10 ukuya kwi-15 amagremu ama-mushrooms omisiwe ngosuku ngalunye kwinyanga. Oku kwaphumela ekunciphiseni ukunyuka kwamazinga e-cholesterol ngamaphesenti angama-30.
- Kwesifundo esincinci, abantu abangama-20 abane-HIV abanamaqondo aphakamileyo e-lipid abangelwa unyango lwe-antiretroviral bachitha ama-15 amagremu ama-mushroom omisiwe ama-oyster kwinyanga ezimbini. Ekupheleni kolu cwaningo, akukho miphumo ephawulekayo kumanqanaba e-cholesterol - nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba e-triglyceride ayancipha ngomyinge wama-19 ekhulwini.
Izithako Zinempilo Emakhosini
Kubonakala ngathi zimbalwa izithako ezitholakala kuma-mushroom anokubangela ukuba iziphumo ezinciphisa i-lipid:
- I-Beta-glucan , ifom yefiber ehlanjululweyo , ifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zamakhowe. Kucatshangelwa ukuba i-beta-glucan inokuphazamisa ukungena kwe-cholesterol kwigazi.
- I-Eritadenine, kucingelwa ukuba ihlehlise amanqanaba e-lipid ngokuguqula indlela ethile yeep lipids eyenziwa kwisibindi.
- I-Mevinolin, esinye isithako esifumaneka kuma-mushroom, esisebenza ngokuvimbela i-HMG CoA yokunciphisa, i-enzyme eyintloko eyenziwa ukwenza i-cholesterol emzimbeni.
Ezi khemikhali ezinciphisa iikhemikhali ziyahluka kwiimali phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zama-mushroom kwaye ziphandwa ngoku nje ngokuba unyango olunokuthintela isifo senhliziyo.
Ngaba ndimele ndongeze iiMushrooms kwiSidlo sam?
Nangona uphando oluthile lubonisa ukuba ama-mushroom angaba neepropati ezinokunceda ezinokunceda ukunciphisa i-cholesterol kunye ne-triglyceride, kukho iimfuno ezininzi zokuphanda oku.
Nangona uphando oluncinane, ama-mushroom aphezulu kwi-fiber kunye neeprotheni kwaye ephantsi kwi-carbohydrate ecocekileyo kunye namafutha amanelisayo- okwenza ukuba ukutya okulungileyo kufake kwi-intliziyo yakho-ukutya okunempilo.
Ukuba ufuna iimbono malunga nendlela yokufaka amakhowe kwi-cholesterol yokunciphisa ukutya, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokubongeza kwiibheno .
Nangona zinzuzo zabo zezempilo, amanye amakhowe angaba neetekisi ezinokulimaza. Ukuze ukhuselekile, akufanele uchithe ama-mushroom afumaneka kwintlango ngaphandle kokuba uqiniseke ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngamakhowe ezidyowayo. Iindidi zamakhowe ezidyowayo zifumaneka kwivenkile yakho okanye kwiindawo zokutyela zendawo.
Imithombo:
Abrams DI, Couey P, Shade SB, et al. Impembelelo ye-Antihyperlipidemic ye-oyster mushrooms kubantu abane-HIV abathatha unyango lwe-antiretroviral. BMC Compl Alt Med 2011; 11: 60.
Guillamon E, Garcia-Lafuente A, uLozano M, et al. Amakhowe ezidyowayo: indima ekuthintekeni kwesifo senhliziyo. I-Fitoterapia 2010; 715-723.
I-Rop O, i-Mlcek J, i-Jurikova T. i-Beta-i-glucans kwi-fungi ephezulu kunye nemisebenzi yabo yempilo. Ingxelo yeNutrition 2009: 67: 624-631.
UValverde ME, uHernandez-Perez T, iParades-Lopez. Amakhowe ezidyowayo: ukuphucula impilo kunye nokukhuthaza umgangatho wobomi. Int J Microbiol 2015: 1-14.
Yang H, Hwang I, uKim S et al. I-Lentinus edodes ikhuthaza ukunyuswa kweenkunkuma kwiirats ze-hypercholesterolemic. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6: 1409-1413.
Yoon KN, Alam N, Lee JS, et al. Impembelelo ye-Hyperlipidemic ye- Lentinus edodes yokutya kwi-plasma, iifesi, kunye nama-hepatic tisses kuma-ratscholesterolemic rats. Mycology 2011; 39: 96-102.