Uvavanyo lweZilwanyana
Uvavanyo lokunyuka kwezilwanyana ezinokuthi umntu uphatha njani iimpawu ezithile, ezifana nomthi wempepho, i- pet dander , ukutya, imichiza okanye i-molds. I-"positive" test test means that a person has a specific anti-antigenic acid test. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu uphelelwa yintsifo, oku kuthetha ukuba umntu uya kuba nempawu xa ebonakaliswe kwi-allergen.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuvavanywa kwamathuba omzimba akuthethi ukuba loo mntu uyaxhomekeka kwinto. Umntu unokufumana uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lwe-allergies kwi-dog dander, umzekelo, kodwa amava angenayo impawu ngokubonakalisa izinja. Ukongezelela, umntu unokufumana iimvavanyo ezininzi zokutya ezinobungozi , kodwa unokukwazi ukutya ezi zinto ngaphandle kokubi.
Ngoko ke, i-allergenist iyadingeka ukwenza kwaye isichaze iimvavanyo zokungabikho kwemilinganiselo esekelwe kwimpawu zomntu.
Kukho ezimbini iindidi zokuvavanywa kobuchopho obuthatyathwa njengobulungile: Ukuhlolwa kwesilwanyana (ukumbamba / ukutshitshiswa kunye ne-intradermal) kunye ne-RAST (uvavanyo lwe-radioallergosorbent test). Olunye uvavanyo lweentlungu lwenziwa kwindlela yokucwaninga (njengokubeka imali encinci ye-allergen ejongeni, impumlo okanye imiphunga ukulinganisa impendulo engafanelekanga), kodwa ayinakuncedo ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke. Uvavanyo lwe-Patch alusetyenziswanga ukuvavanya ukungahambi, kodwa ukudibanisa i-dermatitis kwiimichiza ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezibangelwa enye inxalenye yesistim somzimba.
Ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi zenziwa ngabasebenzi abangenazo zonke izifo okanye abantu abazibiza ngokuthi "allergists" kodwa abanakho ukuqeqeshwa ngokusemthethweni kunye nesitifiketi sebhodi yesizwe kwintsimi yokungabikho komzimba kunye ne-immunology. Funda kabanzi malunga nokuba yiziphi iimvavanyo zokuphepha ukuxilongwa kwe-allergies . Soloko ubona uqeqesho oluqeqeshwe ngokusemthethweni, ibhodi eqinisekisiweyo yebhodi okanye ibhodi efanelekileyo yokufumana unyango.
Yintoni Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhumba?
Ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba yindlela edala kunazo zonke kwaye inokwethenjelwa yokuvavanya. Le fomu yokuvavanywa yenzelwe iminyaka eyi-100 kwaye iyaqhubeka iyimvavanyo yokukhetha ukuxilongwa kwezifo eziqhekezayo. Ukuvavanya kuqala nge-prick, patch or scratch method, okubandakanya ukubeka umgca we-allergen enombuzo (ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhishwa kweentengiso ze-pollens, i-molds, ukutya, i-pet dander, njl njl) elukhumbeni kunye nokwenza isikhumba ngenaliti . Olu vavanyo alubuhlungu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo, alukho ukuphuma kwegazi okubandakanyeka ekubeni inaliti yincamca kuphela kwesikhumba.
Emva kokuba isikhumba sikhatywe, iimvavanyo zithatha imizuzu engama-15 ukuphuhlisa. Kukho ubuninzi beemvavanyo zesikhumba ezenziwe, kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yobudala, iimpawu kunye nezinye izinto. Uvavanyo olusesikhumbeni olubonakalayo lubonakala luphakanyisiwe, luhlaza obomvu, olufana nokulunywa kwumlingo . Uvavanyo lufaniswa nokulawulwa okulungileyo kunye nokungalunganga, ezi-2 ezinye iimvavanyo zesikhumba ezibekwe kunye nezilwanyana eziza kuhlolwa.
Ulawulo oluhle luvame ukuba i-histamine, eya kubangela ukuphakama, ukuhlambalaza kumntu ongathathi imishanguzo ye-antihistamine , njenge-Benadryl. Akunakwenzeka ukuba iguqulwe kwi-histamine, njengoko le michiza ikhona emzimbeni.
Uvavanyo oluhle lwe-histamine yolusu lithetha ukuba nayiphi na iimvavanyo zesikhumba ezenziwa ngexesha elifanayo kunye nemiphumo emibi, eneneni ngokwenene (kwaye loo miphumo emibi yayingekho nje ngenxa yomntu othatha i-antihistamine , umzekelo).
Ukulawulwa kakubi ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ityuwa yamanzi, okanye i-saline, into. Injongo yolu vavanyo kukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu akanalo umphumo onomsindo ekubanjweni kwenaliti. Isiphumo sokuvavanya isikhumba esingalunganga kulawulo olubi siqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zokuvavanywa kwesikhumba azikho ngenxa yempembelelo enomsindo evela kumntu onomdla onobuhlungu.
Ukuba iziphumo zokuvavanywa kwesikhumba zingabonakali kwiimpawu ezihlukeneyo , kodwa imbali yomntu yokunyuka kwezilwanyana kubonisa ukuba ezi ziphumo zifanele zibe zilungile, ngoko ke olunye uvavanyo, olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwesikhumba lwe-intradermal, lungenziwa.
Uvavanyo lwe-Intradermal isikhumba, olubandakanya umjovo we-allergen ehlanjululwe phantsi kwendawo ephezulu yesikhumba ngenaliti, inokwazi ukuxilonga abantu abaninzi abanezifo eziqhekezayo kunokuba zihlolwe yedwa. Ngelishwa, iimvavanyo zesikhumba zangaphakathi zingabangela iziphumo ezingamanga, kwaye le mvavanyo ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ekuhlolweni kokutya kokutya.
Uvavanyo lwesikhumba lubonisa isifo esisigxina. Ithuluzi eluncedo abantu ukuba babone (kwaye bazive) ukuvavanywa kwabo kancinci kwi-cat dander, umzekelo, ukuba bayaqonda ukuba bahlaselwe ikati. Amava okufundisa anzima kakhulu kunokuba anike umntu umntu ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-catergy ye-catergy eyenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
Uvavanyo lwe-Allergy Testing olwenziwa njani kwi-Test Test?
Uvavanyo lwe-radioallergosorbent (RAST) luhlobo oludlulileyo lwezilingo zokuvavanywa komzimba olubandakanya ukulinganisa i-antibodies ezikhuselekileyo ezivela kwisampuli yegazi. Ngoxa i-RAST isaphila, iindlela ezintsha zokuvavanywa kwegazi ngenxa yokugula ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwee-test (immunosorbent) ze-enzyme (ELISA), ezibandakanya ukubophelwa kwamagciwane okuhlaselwa kwi-sampuli yegazi kwi-allergen, ekhokelela ekutshintsheni umbala xa unonjiniyela yongezwa. Ubumnyama bale mbala utshintsho lunokulinganiswa kwaye luguqulelwe kwi-concentration okanye inani le-antibody oneric acid kwi-sampuli yegazi. Nangona umgangatho wokuvavanywa kwegazi kuphuculwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje, usalucacisiwe kwinani leemvavanyo ezikhoyo, kwakunye nexabiso elincinci lezilwanyana ezincinane ezikhoyo kwiimvavanyo ezithile (ezifana ne-pollen okanye i-dander yezilwanyana).
Ukuvavanywa kwegazi ngokutsha kwegazi kutsha nje kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi ekuxilongweni nasekulawuleni ukunyuka kokutya, nangona kunjalo. Nangona ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba kwizinto zokutya kunokunika ingqiqo, ngokusekelwe kubukhulu besabela, nokuba umntu uyayilungisa ukutya, ukuvavanywa kwegazi ngokunyanisekileyo kubonisa ukuba umlinganiselo we-antibody ofergic to food. Eli xabiso linokukunceda ukucacisa ukuba umntwana usenokuba ngumdla wokutya, umzekelo.
Iindleko eziphezulu zokuvavanywa kwegazi, ngokuchasene nokuhlolwa kancinci kwesikhumba, kunye nokulibaziseka kwiziphumo zeentsuku kwiiveki, kwenza ukuba kungathandeki ngakumbi kunokuba uvavanyo lwesikhumba. Ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba kuyaqhubeka nokuvavanya uvavanyo olungcono, kunye neempembelelo ezingekho phantsi kwamanga kunye neziphumo ezingalunganga.
Ngaba Uvavanyo Olukhuselekileyo Lwasekhaya?
Ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba kukhuseleke kakhulu, ngakumbi xa kwenziwa ngumntu ongenayo yonke into ekufumaneni ukuxilongwa . Umzimba wonke uphendule ngokuthe tye, ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yi-anaphylaxis, kakhulu kunqabile ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba. Nangona kunjalo, kunikezelwa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba i- anaphylaxis ivele ngenxa yoko, ukuhlolwa kolukhuni kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela kwiofisi yegqirha kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo ukuphathwa ngendlela enjalo.
Abantwana abaselula banokuvavanywa kolukhuseleko, kuquka nabantwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintsana zithatha iimvavanyo zokutya, nokuba zinokuba nezilwanyana zentlanzi okanye uthuli. Abantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala banokuba neeplastiki ezingaphantsi kweemvavanyo zesikhumba.
Ukususela ekuvavanyeni kwegazi okubandakanyeka kuqulethwe ukuhlolwa kweengxaki zomzimba kwigazi lomntu, akukho nathuba lokuba umntu uya kuvelisa ukuphendula okuthe tye ngenxa yolu vavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, ithuba lokuba umntu uya kuba nefuthe elichaphazelayo ekutsaleni igazi, njengokuphelelwa amandla, ukuphuma kwegazi ngokugqithiseleyo, okanye ukusuleleka, empeleni kuphakamileyo kunomphumo wesigxina ukusuka kuvavanyo lokungabikho komzimba.
Amanye amaqela abantu awanakukwazi ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba, kwaye ngoko ukuvavanywa kwegazi kuluvavanyo olungcono. La maqela afaka abo abangenakuyeka imishanguzo ye-antihistamine; abo banesifo esikhuselekileyo (kunye "nokuphendula" ukulawulwa kakubi), abo bathatha imithi ethile yegazi (njenge- beta-blockers ), kunye nalabo abaneemeko ezinzulu kunye nemiphunga ebangele ingozi xa i- anaphylaxis ifanelekile.
Xa Umntu Xa Unayo I-Allergen Challenge?
Ucelomngeni kumntu kwi-allergen kuthetha ukuba umntu ubonakaliswe ngamabomu kwinto leyo, njengokuthi umntu udla ukutya okuye kubangelwa ukukhathazeka. Imingeni yokutya idlalwa rhoqo ukuze kubone ukuba umntwana uye wakha ukutya kokutya, okanye ukuba ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba ngokwenene kubhekisela kumngcipheko. Imingeni yokutya ingaba yingozi kwaye kufuneka iqhutywe kuphela ngamayeza angenangqondo.
Ucelomngeni umntu kwi-allergen engadli ukutya, ezifana ne-pollen okanye i-dander ye-pet, ayisoloko eyenziwa kwi-ofisi yokubeka i-ofisi; Nangona kunjalo, le mivavanyo ingenziwa kwiimfundo zokufunda okanye zophando.
Ufuna ukuqhubeka ufunda? Jonga indlela uvavanyo lwesikhumba olwenziwa ngayo .
> Umthombo:
> Sebenzisa iiParameters zovavanyo lweNtsholongwane yokuHlola. Ann Annistry Asthma Immunol. 1995; 75 (6): 543-625.