I-Anaphylaxis yingozi yokuphila esongela ubomi obunokuthi ingabangela ukuba kubekho ukuphazamiseka kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. I-allerphylaxis eqhelekileyo engakwazi ukuvelisa i-anaphylaxis yilezi ziyobisi, inambuzane, ukutya kunye ne-latex.
Indlela iNkqubo Yomzimba Yokukhusela Ngomzimba idala ngayo iAnaphylaxis
Amajoni akho omzimba akhusela izinto zangaphandle. Imbali kunye nezinye iikhemikhali zomlamli ezikhuthaza iimpendulo ezivuthayo zigcinwa kwiiseli zesigxina kunye ne-basophil eziphakathi kwamathambo kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.
Emva kokubhengeza kwizinto zangaphandle, iiseli zomzimba wakho (i-lymphocytes) ziqala ukuvelisa izixhobo eziza kuqonda ezo zinto ngexesha elizayo xa zisesemzimbeni. Kwixesha lokusasaza kwexesha elizayo, ezi zixhobo zokulwa zibopha kwizinto kunye nakwamamkeli kwiimitha zesitrasi kunye ne-basophil. Oku kubangela ukukhululwa kweekhemikhali zomlamli ezikhuthaza ukuphendula okuvuthayo.
Imbali kunye nabanye abalamlamli benza ukuba imivenge yegazi ihlaziyeke kangangokuba amanzi amaninzi afaka izicubu, ezikhokelela ekuvupheni. Kwi-anaphylaxis, iikhemikhali zikhutshwa kuwo wonke umzimba kwaye zichaphazela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, imihlathi kunye nokuphefumula ubunzima kubonakala.
Impendulo ye-anaphylactic ayisoloko ivela okokuqala xa ufumene i-allergen. Ngexesha elizayo xa uvelele kwi-allergen ungase ube neempembelelo. I-Anaphylaxis inqabile kodwa ingaba naliphi na ixesha emva kokuba ukhuthazwe.
Ngamanye amaxesha iikhemikhali zenziwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba zikhutshwe, ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa kwangaphambili okanye ukuphuhliswa kwee-antibodies. Oku kuthiwa yi-anaphylactoid ukusabela kwaye ibonakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimpendulo ye-IV ehlukeneyo, i-opioid, ukuvuthwa, kunye nokushisa okukhulu.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
I-Anaphylaxis iyakwenzeka ngokuphendula phantse nayiphi na i-allergen.
Nangona kunjalo, izifo eziqhelekileyo zokuphefumula ezinjenge-fever fever kunye nezilwanyana zezilwanyana azifane zidale i-anaphylaxis. Ipesenti enkulu yamatyala e-anaphylaxis ayikwazi ukudibana ne-allergen ethile kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-idiopathic.
Ukutya kwezilwanyana
Ukunyuka kokutya kuyona nto ibangela ukuba abantwana be-anaphylaxis, kwaye phakathi kwezona zinto zibangela abantu abadala. Ukutya okuninzi kunoxanduva lwamanqwanqwana, amantongomthi emithi (i-walnuts, i-hazelnuts, i-pecans), intlanzi, i-shellfish, amaqanda enkukhu kunye nobisi lweenkomo. Kwakhona kubonakala ngqolowa, i-soy, imbewu yeesame, kunye ne-kiwi, kunye nomgubo we-lupine.
Insect Venom Allergies
I-Wasp kunye ne-bee stings zibangelwa rhoqo ngenxa ye-anaphylactic ukusabela kubantwana kwaye iyona nto ibangelwa ngabantu abadala. Ezi zinambuzane ziquka iibhattshi eziphuzi, ama-honeybees, ama-sawp paper, kunye nama-hornet. Izintuthwane zomlilo ziyakwazi ukuvelisa impendulo.
Amachiza Aphilileyo
Ukunyamezela imithi yimbangela eqhelekileyo ye-anaphylaxis kuwo onke amaqela. Izidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo ezivelisa i-anaphylaxis yi-penicillin, i-aspirin, kunye ne-non-steroidal ezichasene nezidakamizwa ezifana ne-Advil (ibuprofen) kunye ne-Aleve (naproxen).
Impendulo ye-Anaphylactoid ingenzeka emva kokulawulwa kwamachiza anikeziweyo ngexesha le-anesthesia jikelele, i-i-IV equkethe i-idayi eyahlukeneyo ekusetshenzisweni kwizifundo zokucinga, i-opioids, kunye nama-antibodies.
Isilwanyana esingaqhelekanga-induced anaphylaxis sibonakala nge:
- I-insulini, ingakumbi kwimithombo engekho yoluntu okanye xa ingasetyenziswanga kutshanje okanye rhoqo.
- Iziyobisi zeSulfa
- Iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga
- Iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ulusu, kubandakanywa nemithi elwa neyeza
- I-anesthetics yendawo, efana neyasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zamazinyo
ILatex Allergies
I-Latex ngumkhiqizo werabha wendalo ofumaneka kwizinto ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwempilo kunye nemveliso emveliso yabathengi. Imfuno ye-latex yaphakama ngo-1980 njengoko ukusetyenziswa kweglavu kwakufuneka kwiinkalo ezongezelelweyo zempilo. I-latex esetyenzisiweyo yayiphakamileyo kwiprotheyini eyenza i-latex isifo. Iiglavu eziveliswe ngoku ziphantsi kwiprotheni.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaye batyhutyiswa kwaye banesifo esibi kakhulu se-latex yokungathinteki banokuchaphazeleka nokuba babegumbini kunye neiglovu ze-latex okanye ibhaluni.
I-Anaphylaxis eyenziwa nge-Exercise
I-anaphylaxis (i-EIA) eyenziwa yi-exercised-injection (i-EIA) yinto engavumelekanga ye-anaphylaxis eyenzeka ngenxa yesenzo somzimba. Umzimba onokubangela ukuba unakho nawuphi na uhlobo, kuquka ukugijima, ithenti, ukubhukuda, ukuhamba, okanye nokuba nemisebenzi enzima njengengqele ekhethiweyo. Iimpawu ziqala ngokudinwa, ukufudumala, ukuvutha kunye nokubomvu, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwemizuzu embalwa yokuqalisa umzimba.
Isizathu se-EIA asiyazi. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abantu banomnye umququzelelo othi, kunye nokuzivocavoca, kubangela iimpawu. Ezi zinto zibandakanya amayeza, ukutya, utywala, imeko yemozulu (eshushu, ebanda, okanye emanzi) kunye nokuya esikhathini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuzivocavoca okanye ukukhupha okuthethileyo yodwa akuyi kubangela iimpawu. Kodwa ukuba loo mntu ubonakaliswe kwi-trigger kunye nokuzivocavoca, iimpawu ze-EIA zenzeka.
Amachiza anikwe ingxelo ukuba enze i-EIA ibandakanye i-aspirin, ibuprofen kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezingekho-steroidal ezichasayo (i-NSAID) . Ukutya okuninzi (ukuba kudliwe iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise) kudibaniswe ne-EIA, kubandakanywa neenqolowa, ukutya kwezilwanyana zasemanzini, izantyambo, izithelo, imifuno, ubisi kunye notywala. Abanye abantu abane-EIA badibanisa kunye nokutya, kodwa akukho nto ethile yokutya edala iziphumo.
I-Oral Mite Anaphylaxis (iPancake Syndrome)
Abantu abaxhamla kwizitshalo ezinothuli baye bafumana i-anaphylaxis ngenxa yokutya ukutya okuncibilikiswe ngothuli lwe-mite particles. Leli gciwane elingavumelekanga linikezwe igama lomlomo mite anaphylaxis (OMA), okanye i-pancake syndrome. Izibungu zothuli ziyimbangela eqhelekileyo yezifo eziphazamisayo. Ziqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwizinto zokulala, i-carpeting, kunye nefenitshala ephakanyisiweyo, kodwa inokungcolisa ukutya okwenziwe ngomgubo wengqolowa nakwezinye izityalo zokutya. Iimpawu ze-OMA zivame ukuba zingaphantsi kwemizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure emva kokutya ukutya okuhlambulukileyo.
I-OMA idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubantu abancinci abanezinye iimeko ezikhuselekisayo, nangona kungenzeka kubantu abantu bonke ubudala. Akwacaca ukuba kutheni abantu abaninzi bengaboni na le meko, banikezwa njani ukuba uthuli oluqhelekileyo lugqithisileyo luphi na umgubo ongakanani unokuthi ungcoliswe izilwanyana. Kubantu ababikwa ukuba baye bafumana i-pancake syndrome, malunga nesiqingatha (iipesenti ezingama-44) babenomlando wokungabikho komzimba kwimithi engeyiyo-stteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs).
I-urticaria / i-Anaphylaxis enobumba
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutshiswa kwebanda kunakho ukuvelisa i-anaphylaxis. Abantu abanokuthi bavelele kakhulu banokuthi babe ne-urticaria eyabanda kubanda (imihlathi) ekhutshwe kwiimeko ezibandayo.
Ukunciphisa i-Allergia to Red Meat
Uhlobo olunqabileyo lwe-anaphylaxis luya kwenzeka kubantu ababetywe yikhaksi esandul 'ukondla ngegazi kwizilwanyana zasefama. Aba bantu banokukhuthazwa kwi-alpha-gal kwaye banokuhlakulela i-anaphylaxis xa besidla inyama ebomvu.
Izinto zobungozi
Abantu abaneengxaki ezibangelwa zizifo eziqhelekileyo ze-anaphylaxis basengozini. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube neempendulo zendawo ekudlulileyo, ezifana nokugqithisa. Unokuphuhlisa i-anaphylaxis kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba ubukade unempendulo ye-anaphylactic unomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba unye kwakhona. Ukuphendula kwangomso kunokuba kunzima nakakhulu.
Abantu abane-asthma egciniweyo bangasengozini yokuphendula ngokuthe tye, kuquka ne-anaphylaxis. Ukuba ugugu lokutya, imithi, okanye inambuzane, kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo okukhusela xa unesifo se-asthma. Kuye kunjalo kubantu abanezinye izifo ezingapheliyo zamaphaphu njengoko iimpawu zokuphefumula ziza kuba nzima kubo ngexesha le-anaphylaxis. Ukuba une-asthma elawulwa kakubi okanye isifo se-cardiovascular you are in danger of death due to anaphylaxis.
Abantu abanesifo sengqondo esithatha i-beta-blockers okanye i-alpha-adrenergic blockers basengozini enkulu xa behlakulela i-anaphylaxis kuba loo mayeza anciphisa imiphumo ye-epinephrine, enikwa ukuyeka ukuphendula kwe-anaphylactic.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Anaphylaxis nge-epinephrine inomngcipheko ongakumbi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 njengoko kunokuvelisa iingxaki zentliziyo kubandakanya i-fibrillation ye -rial kunye ne-infyoction ye-myocardial.
Usemngciphekweni we-anaphylaxis ukuba unesifo okanye usubuyela kwenye.
I-Mastocytosis yimeko enqabileyo apho unamaseli amaninzi, awamaseli omzimba agcina i-histamine nezinye iikhemikhali. Ezi iiseli zinokuqokelela kwesikhumba, kwizitho zangaphakathi kunye namathambo. Ukuba ushukunyiswa yi-allergen usemngciphekweni we-anaphylaxis ngenxa yenani leeseli ezikhupha ezi khemikhali.
Imithombo:
> Anaphylaxis. Clinical Mayo. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anaphylaxis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351468.
> Utywala lwezilwanyana: I-Anaphylactic Reactions (Anaphylaxis). ISikole soMgangatho kunye nokuSebenza koNcedo lwezeMpilo. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK464181/.
> Idiopathic I-Allergy Factsheet kaNovemba 2017 . I-Anaphylaxis Campaign. https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Idiopathic-Anaphylaxis-Factsheet-Nov-2017.pdf.
> Nwaru BI, Dhami S, Sheikh A. Idiopathic Anaphylaxis. Izinketho zamanje zonyango kwi-allergies . 2017; 4 (3): 312-319. i-doi: 10.1007 / s40521-017-0136-2.
> ISanchez-Borges M, uSuarez Chacon R, uCapriles-Hulett A, uCalallo-Fonseca F, uFernandez-Caldas E. Anaphylaxis Ukusuka kokungcola kwezibungu: Ukumisa iAnaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 31-5.