Ukuhlaziya okungajabulisi kwiMfundo engaTywi
Akukho mnye kwimbali yemfundo yezithulu eyayinempembelelo enkulu ebomini nasekufundiseni abantu abayizithulu kunenkomfa eyayibanjelwe eMilan ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.
Ingqwalasela yeNgqungquthela yaseMilan ka-1880
Ngowe-1880, kwakukho inkomfa enkulu yeqela leentsimi ezizithulu ezibizwa ngokuba yiSibini yeSizwe kwiNgqungquthela yeziThulu. Kule ngqungquthela, kwaziswa ukuba imfundo yomlomo yayingcono kunezemfundo (yezithuthi).
Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi lwezandla kwizikolo zeZiThulu zavalwa.
Nazi izibini ezibini zokuqala ezisibhozo ezithathwe yindibano:
- INgqungquthela, ngokuqwalasela ukuphakama okungenakuphikiswa kweengcamango malunga nokubuyisela izithulu kuluntu kunye nokumnika ulwazi oluthe xaxa lolwimi, luchaza ukuba indlela yomlomo kufuneka ikhethwe kuloo mqondiso kwimfundo kunye nokufundiswa kwezizithulu.
- Ingqungquthela, ekuqwalaseleni ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwimiba kunye nempawu kunokungonakali kokulimaza kunye nokufunda ngomlomo kunye nokuchaneka kweengcamango, kuchaza ukuba indlela ecocekileyo yomlomo iya kukhethwa.
Ezinye izigqibo zijongene nemiba, njenge:
- Imfundo yabafundi abayizithulu abazithulu
- Amanqanaba okufundisa abafundi abayizithulu ngomlomo kunye neenzuzo zangexesha elide le ndlela yokufundisa
- Isidingo seencwadi zemfundo zabafundisi abazizithulu ngomlomo
Ngenxa yenkomfa yaseMilan, ootitshala abayizithulu baphulukana nemisebenzi yabo, njengoko kukho ukuhla kwehla kwiingcali zezithulu, njengabalobi, abaculi kunye namagqwetha.
Kwakhona, umgangatho wobomi kunye nemfundo yabafundi abayizithulu kwachaphazeleka kakubi.
Iindaba ezilungileyo, nokuba kunjalo, ukuba imibutho efana noMbutho kaZwelonke weZizithulu wenyuka waza wabusa kubaxhasi abaninzi. Ngaphezu koko, umongameli weKholeji yaseGallaudet wenza isigqibo esigqebayo sokugcina ulwimi lwezandla kwi-campus.
Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1970, uprofesa wexesha elide kwi-College yaseGallaudet, uWilliam Stokoe wathetha ulwimi lwezandla ngolwimi lwenyaniso.
Ekugqibeleni, isigqibo seKholeji yaseGallaudet ukugcina ulwimi lwezandla sineendima ebalulekileyo ekuphumeni kolwimi lwezandla. Oku kwongezwa kubafundi abaninzi abayizithulu ababethetha ngokufihlakeleyo ngeminye imiqondiso, nangona bevinjelwe.
Ukunqandwa koLwimi lwezandla: Isiphumo "esiPhezulu"
Ngokweengcali, ukuvinjelwa kolwimi lwezandla kule nkomfa yamazwe e-Milan kwakuyimiphumo eyaziwayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkomfa yayimelwe ngabantu ababeyaziwayo okanye iingcali. Umlomo womlomo ngumntu okhuthaza ukubambelela, oko kuyindlela yokufundisa abantu abayizithulu ukuthetha ngokuthetha okanye ukupasa, ngokuchasene nolwimi lwezandla.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba iUnited States neBrithani yimihlaba kuphela echasene nokuvalwa. Ngelishwa, inkcaso yabo yayinganyanzelwanga.
Impembelelo yexesha elide kwiNgqungquthela yaseMilan
Ingqungquthela yaseMilan ngo-1880 ibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali engenazithulu eye yahlonishwa kwiingcambu zenkcubeko, njengomdwebo, iMilan, Italy 1880, ngumculi oyisithulu uMary Thornley. Lo mdwebo ubonisa abazingeli abakhomba izibhamu zabo kwiileta "ASL," ezimelela ulwimi lwezandla lwaseMerika.
Ngo-Oktobha 1993, iYunivesithi yaseGallaudet yabamba inkomfa ebizwa ngokuba yi "Post Milan ASL kunye nokufunda isiNgesi ." Inkqubo yenkomfa yayiqulethe isicatshulwa esithi, "Ukucamngca eMilan ngeliso kwixesha elizayo," nguKatherine Jankowski.
Ekubuyiseleni, omnye unokuthetha ukuba kwiminyaka ukususela ngolwimi lwezandla kunye noluntu oluye lwafunda ukuba lukho uxolo. Ngeze kubekho omnye uMilan 1880.
ILizwi
Ingqungquthela eMilan yayiyi-backback engavumelekanga kwimbali yabantu abaThululeyo. Ngombulelo, ulwimi lwezandla alusacindezelekanga ezikolweni. Kunoko, ulwimi lwezandla luyakwamkelwa njengendlela ecebileyo kunye nekhethekileyo yoqhagamshelwano.
Ngaloo nto, ukuba wena okanye othandekayo unomntwana okanye umntwana ongenisithulu okanye onzima ukuva, kukho izibonelelo ezikhoyo ukuze uncede umntu onqabileyo uhlakulele izakhono zonxibelelwano azifunayo.
Omnye umthombo oncedo luncedo ngumbutho obizwa ngokuba yi-CHOICES for Parents, engaboneleli kuphela ukuphucula izakhono zonxibelelwano kumntwana wakho, kodwa unika inkxaso, ukuxhasa, kunye neentlobo zeenkonzo zoluntu.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Sign Language Dictionary: iMilan, Italy 1880.
> Gannon, JR, Butler, J., & Gilbert, L.-J. (1981). Ilifa lezithulu: Imbali elandelwayo yezithulu zaseMelika . Silver Silver, Md: UMbutho weSizwe wezithulu.
> Kushalnagar P et al. Iintsana kunye nabantwana abanokulahlekelwa kwindlebe bafuna ukufikelela kwangaphambili kolwimi. J Clin Ethics . Ngohlobo lwe-2010; 21 (2): 143-54.