Isitatisti, Zininzi Zizithulu okanye Zibuhlungu?
Umbuzo: Yiyiphi imfihlelo eyinkulu kwizithulu kunye noluntu olunzima lokumamela lwaseMelika (kunye nehlabathi)?
A: Bangaphi bethu bakhona. Akukho mntu uyazi. Kukho iifomati zamanani zabantu ezikhoyo, kodwa ziphelelwe yisikhathi okanye zingathembekanga kuba abanye abantu abanqwenela ukuzichazela ukuba banokulahlekelwa kwindlebe, okanye iifom zemibuzo zingenakuzibuza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba umntu unentlupheko yokuvalelwa.
Inani eliqikelelwayo labantu liye lisuka kwiingxowa ezingama-22 ezizithulu kwaye zilukhuni ukuva ukuba ziphakamileyo ezingama-36 ezizithulu nezizithulu zokuva. Kulezi zigidi ezimbalwa nje zibhekwa "zizithulu" kwaye intsalela inzima yokuva. Ukubalwa kwamanani okudityaniswa kwamanani kukuba abanye abantu "abazizithulu" banokuba nzima ukuva, kwaye abanye "abantu abanzima ukuva" abantu banokuba sisisithulu. Kukho ngokukwaneleyo kuthi sinokulahlekelwa kwindlebe yokuba iinkampani ziyakwazi ukufumana amandla okuthenga okunjalo kwindawo enkulu yoluntu.
Izibalo zigcinwa ngokubambisene namaziko e-Federal: Iziko leSizwe lezeMpilo (Statistics) ze-Health (NCHS) phantsi kweZiko lokuLawula izifo (CDC) kunye ne-US Census Bureau. Ngokutsho kwe-NCHS, ngo-1994 izigidi ezingama-4,5 zaseMerika-ipesenti epheleleyo yenani elipheleleyo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe-basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuncedisa ukuba bancede bajongane nokukhubazeka kokuva.
Kulezi zixhobo, isixhobo esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo sisixhobo sokuncedwa, kunye nesiqhelo esincinane "isixhobo" sitokiki.
Ngelixa abantu abaninzi abanokulahlekelwa kwindlebe ngabantu abadala kakhulu abalahlekelwe ukuvava ngeminyaka yobudala, malunga nabangu-12 kubantu abayi-1 000 abanokukhubazeka kokuvalelwa bangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 ubudala, ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha ze-NCHS ezandul 'ukufumaneka.
Oko kuthetha ukuba amathuba aphezulu kukuba ubuncinane umfundi omnye kwisikolo somntwana wakho uya kuba nelahleko lokuva.
I-Census Bureau inikezela ngamanani oluntu ngokukhubazeka kunye nomsebenzi, othathwe kwi-Survey yeNgeniso yeNxaxheba kunye neNkqubo (inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zonyango zoluntu). Le datha inamanani kuphela kumawaka, kunokuba izigidi. Omnye umzekelo othakazelisayo ovelayo kule nkcazo yeenkcukacha zedatha kukuba abantu abanokulahlekelwa kwindlebe encinci kunokwenzeka ukuba baqeshwe kunabo abanokukhubazeka okungakumbi.
I-Gallaudet Research Institute inikezela ngamanani amaninzi kunye nezinye izixhobo, ngokusebenzisa iphepha lolwazi lwabantu. Ngaphezu koko, oorhulumente baseburhulumenteni banako ukugcina zabo iinkcukacha ngokubaluleka kokulahlekelwa kweentetho kwilizwe. Ngokomzekelo, iKhomishoni yase-Arizona yeZiThulu kunye noBunzima bokuThetha iqikelele kwi-d / hoh yabantu baseburhulumenteni.
Izixhumanisi:
- NCHS Izibalo zokukhubazeka
- ICensus Bureau: Iinkcukacha malunga nokukhubazeka kunye neNgqesho (i-Adobe PDF File)