Abameli kunye neNtshukumo kwizithulu kunye nobunzima bokuThetha uluntu
Ixesha lokugcina amagama-magama elivaliweyo lavela nini? Iyintoni imbali yolwimi lwezandla? Ukuphila kule minyaka yangoku, kunzima ukucinga ukuba ihlabathi lalinjani kwixesha elidlulileyo kubantu abangevayo nabanzima bokuva. Ukuthatha umzuzu ukuqonda abavakalisi abaninzi abaye benza umehluko, bobabini abazizithulu nabavayo, yinto esimele siyenze sonke.
Iimbali zezithulu kunye nelifa licebile kakhulu kwaye linomdla. Abantu abafuna ukufunda ngezithulu kwimbali bangafunda ngeziganeko ezifana noMongameli wezithulu Ngoku ukunyanzela okwenza iYunivesithi yaseGallaudet ngumongameli wokuqala wesithulu, sifunde malunga nokuphuhliswa kweteknoloji yokuncedisa iindlebe, sifunde ngokubandlululwa kwizikolo zezithulu, kwaye ufunde malunga abaninzi abantu kwimbali ababezithulu.
Makhe sijonge nje abantu abambalwa, ukunyakaza, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuye benza umehluko kubantu abayizithulu okanye abanzima ukuva.
I-Activism kwizithulu kunye nobunzima bokuLawula uluntu
Izithulu kunye nezentlupheko zentlanganiso yentetho inomlando onamandla wokusebenza. Kwababini, abafundi beYunivesithi yaseGallaudet babandakanyeka kwiqhankqalazo, kuqala kwiminyaka yee-1980 kwaye kwakhona kwakhona ekuqaleni kwawo-2000.
Intlangano yokuqala, "uMongameli wezithulu ngoku," kubangele ukhetho lomongameli wokuqala wezithulu waseYunivesithi yaseGallaudet.
Kwingqungquthela yesibini, " Ubunye be-Gallaudet ," abafundi bavukela ukukhetha umongameli ongathandeki, kwaye baqwalasela imicimbi yezemfundo eGallaudet.
Ubuchwepheshe boNcedo: iMbali kunye neThekhnoloji
Phantse kubekho ukuva, kuye kwaba nobuchwepheshe bokuncedisa . I-teknoloji inike abantu abayizithulu nabanzima bokuva abantu amandla okuva, uye wabavumela ukuba basebenzise inkqubo yefowuni, kwaye benze inkqubo yevidiyo ifumaneka.
Unokucinga ngegama lokubhaliweyo elivaliweyo elikude ngonaphakade, kodwa imbali yeengcaphuno ezivaliweyo ziselula . I-teknoloji yaqala ngokuchazwa ngokucacileyo kwi-Chef yesiFrentshi ngowe-1972, ngokucaciswa kwegama elivaliweyo liyafumaneka kodwa lincinci kakhulu kwiminyaka eyi-80. UMthetho we-Telecom ka-1996 wanikela isigqabaziso sokuvala, esifumaneka ngokubanzi kwizithulu kunye noluntu olunzima lokuphulaphula.
Imbali ye-implant cochlear yaqala kwangaphambili kuneengcaphuno ezivaliweyo, kodwa iphinda iselula kakhulu. Umzamo wokuqala wokusebenzisa umbane wokuncedisa ukuvalelwa ngowoku-1790. Ubuchwephesha bukhutshwe kwingxenyana kamva yekhulu le-20, kwaye ngowe-1984, asisayi kuhlola. Le teknoloji iyaqhubeka iphucula ngokukhawuleza kwiphanya.
Ukususela kumaxilongo angenangqungquthela kwii-BTE ezilahlayo, izixhobo zengxoxo ziye zashintsha ngokugqithiseleyo kwiminyaka.
Ngokuthumela imiyalezo, i-Skype, kunye ne-imeyile sinokulibala ubunzima bokunxibelelana, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezifana nabazali abayizithulu beva abantwana. Ngaphambi kokuba le nkqubela yafika ifowuni yomshini okanye iTTY . Umnxeba wokuqala wokude usebenzise i-TTY yenziwe ngo-1964 ngumqambi wayo, uRobert Weitbrecht.
Ukusinda koqoqosho kwizithwaphu kunye nobunzima bokuphulaphula uluntu
Ukusinda koqoqosho kwizithulu kunye noluntu olunzima lokuphulaphula luye luneengxaki kwimbali.
Ngokomzekelo, kwi-Depression Great of the 1930s, abantu abayizithulu bajamelana nemingeni efanayo nabantu abaphulaphulayo, kodwa ngaphezulu. Abo bahlala ngelo xesha bangakhumbula "abathengi abayizithulu." Abo babezithulu okanye abanzima ukuphulaphula babeza kubanika abantu ikarfabhethi kwikharityhulam ukuze batshintshe imali.
Imfundo Yisisipholo
Imfundo yezithulu e-United States inembali ende, ibuyele kwikhulu le-19.
Mhlawumbi impembelelo enkulu kwiqondo elingalunganga yayinguMilan 1880 . Kule ngqungquthela yomhlaba wonke yabatitshala abayizithulu, isisombululo sidluliselwe ekuvinjeni ulwimi lwezandla. Amazwe kuphela ngexesha elichasene nokuvinjelwa kwakuyi-United States ne-Great Britain.
Ukwahlula ezikolweni zezizithulu kwakunzima. Njengokuba izikolo zaseburhulumenteni zahlukaniswa, abafundi abazithulu abamnyama abazange bakwazi ukuya kwiiklasi nabafundi abamhlophe abazizithulu, kweso sikolo esifanayo.
Nangona kunjalo, kungekhona yonke imbali, kodwa yayingalunganga. Thatha isikhashana ukuba uphelele imbali yeYunivesithi yakwaGallaudet ukubona indlela ukuqala ngokuthobekileyo kwimfundo engezithulu kwanda ngayo.
Imidiya kunye nokuThetha
Njengoko iteknoloji kunye nemfundo, indima yeendaba kwizithulu kunye noluntu olunzima lokuphulaphula uye wenza imigudu enkulu. Izithulu kunye nobunzima beempapasho zentetho kunye nemithombo yeendaba ziye zanda, ngokuqala ngoku sele zihlala phantsi.
Abalingiswa abazizithulu (ukuba bengabangelizithulu). Kukho ukuzama ukufumana izithambiso zeteknti ezizithulu . Namhlanje, i-intanethi ishintshile yonke into kwaye yenza ukuba abantu abangevayo babe nolingana neli-channel yesithulu.
Abantu kwiMbali Yezithulu
Abantu abaninzi abayizithulu nabanzima bokuva, kunye nabanye abantu abavayo, baye benza igalelo elikhulu kwimbali yesisithulu. Ngaba uyayazi ukuba umntu oyisithulu uyasemva kwale mihla yamnandi iCokwit Scout oyithandayo minyaka yonke? Okanye ukuba umfazi oyisithulu wayengumbhali wenkulungwane ye-19? Ukusuka kuHelen Kellier, kuThomas Edison, kuLaura Redden Searing, kunye nokunye, funda malunga nabanye abantu abadumileyo kwimbali engathethiyo .
Iimpawu zolwimi
Abafundi bahlala befuna ukwazi imbali yolwimi lwezandla . Kwaba njani? Nangona utitshala ongenasizithulu u-Abbe de "I-Epee yaseFransi udlalwa ngokuqala ngolwimi lwezandla olulwimi lwezandla lwaseMelika (ASL,) iingcambu ziyabuya ngokuya kwesinye isiFrentshi, umbhali osisithulu uPeter Desloges.
Kwaye, ngaba uyazi ukuba kwakukho idolophu apho abantu abaninzi bezithulu ukuba bonke abantu abavayo beva ulwimi lwezandla? Ngekhulu le-19, abantu abahlala kuMdiliya WaseMartha babengenakuzithulu xa beva.
Amaxesha Aphazamisayo kwiMbali Yengxaki
Ngelishwa, ixesha elidlulileyo, ukungavumi kwakusoloko kukuphosakeleyo ngenxa yokulahlwa kwengqondo kwaye abantu babehlala bekhokelwa ngemiphumo emibi. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba sisisithulu ngexesha loKhukula kweNkohlakalo kwakusoloko kukho isigwebo sokufa, nangona ungengowamaYuda.
Ngaphantsi kwimbali yezithulu kunye nelifa
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, imbali yezithulu kunye nelifa licebile kwaye lihluke. Kusuka kwitheknoloji, kwimfundo, kwiimidiya kunye nokunye, inkqubela phambili ukunciphisa impembelelo yabantu abayizithulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngethuba sisekho indlela ende yokuhamba, ukuqhubeka phambili kunye nokuqonda okukhulu kwezizithulu kunye noluntu olunzima ukuphulaphula uluntu kwenza ukubahluko kwiindlela ezininzi.
> Imithombo:
> Umbutho kaZwelonke weZiThulu. NAD History. https://www.nad.org/about-us/nad-history/