Xa Umbala wesikhumba olwahlukileyo oMnyama kunye no-White Deaf Kids
Xa izikolo zihlukaniswe kwiminyaka edlulileyo, izikolo zezizithulu zilandelekile. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100, abantwana abamnyama abayizithulu baya kwiiprogram zemfundo ezahlukileyo, behlala kwii-campuses ezahlukeneyo okanye kwizakhiwo ezahlukileyo kwi-campus efanayo njengeziko lezizithulu . Ukuhlukana kwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi oluseMelika lwaseLwimi lweZandla , olufanayo kwimo "kwiNgesi emnyama."
Xa izikolo zezizithulu zahlanganiswa, izakhiwo ezihlukeneyo kunye neekampus zivaliwe okanye zifakwe kuzo zonke izikolo. Ngethuba lexesha, i-ASL ye-black language ye-ASL yafa njengabantwana abamnyama abayizithulu babengasayihlukana nabantwana abamhlophe abayizithulu. Ngethamsanqa, iinkumbulo zala mava zigcinwe kwiincwadi ezifana neNjengekhaya . Olu lwahlulo lukhuthazwe nguMbutho weSizwe wezithulu, owe-1904 wakhuthaza ukusekwa kwezikolo ezizimeleyo kubantwana abantsundu abantsundu.
Oku kwahlula kuthetha ukuba ootitshala abatsha abayizithulu babekwazi ukufumana imisebenzi yokufundisa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Iiprogram zivelise ootitshala bokuqala abatsha abayizithulu, uJulius Carrett no-Amanda Johnson, bobabini abaphumelele kwiNkqubo yaseNorth Carolina yabazithulu abamnyama, kunye no-HL Johns, owayesigxina kwinkqubo yaseMadrid yokuzithulu. Bonke abathathu baqeshwe yiTexas Institute for Youth Intelligent, Blumb and Blind Colorful Youth.
Uluhlu lweZikolo ezahlukileyo
- I-Alabama - Isikolo seNigro-Intsimbi-Iimpumputhe kunye nezimpumputhe (1891).
- ISithili sase-Columbia - I-Kendall School yaseGallaudet ayifumananga nabafundi abamnyama abangezithulu kude kube ngo-1952, xa beyalelwe enkundleni (ngaphambi kokuba abafundi abayizithulu babeza esikolweni eMaryland). Ibali lekulwaphulo lokuba iKendall ithathe abafundi base-DC abamnyama abayizithulu kubhalwe kwifilimu "Iqela le -52." UKendall wabeka isakhiwo esihlukeneyo, kodwa ukuhlukana kwaba mfutshane nje ngo-1954 isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo seMbali ngokubambisana kwakuthetha ukuba uKendall kufuneka ahlangane. Umboniso ngeMboniso yeeNtwaba Eyesisithombeni sinomfanekiso wabafundi abamnyama abazizithulu baseKendall.
- IFlorida - iFlorida Institute for the Blind, iLizwe eliThulu kunye neLungu leMveli (1895).
- IGeorgia - iGeorgia Isikolo seNigro Deaf (1882).
- IKentucky-Kentucky yayineziko lezizithulu. Incwadana yeKentucky Standard yeKentucky School yeziThulu, i-vol.130, iSpres 2003 yayinomxholo omfutshane kwimbali yesikolo esinemibala (1885 ukuya kuma-1950).
- Iimbali Ngezitha Zisithulu - Imbali Ngomntu oyisithulu Eyesiboniso unomfanekiso wabafundi abayizithulu baseKentucky kwiphepha labo kwiZikolo eziThatywayo.
- Isikolo saseLouisana - Louisiana kwiZiThulu sahlala sahlukana ngowe-1978, isikolo sokugqibela sezithulu ukuba sihlangane. Isikolo esisizithulu saseLouanaana sasisisikolo saseLouanaana seZiThulu neeNkohliso.
- Maryland - Isikolo seZiThuthi eziThulu kunye neziNkohliso (i-Maryland Institute for Blond Blind and Disaf-Mutes) (1872). I- American Annals yeZizithulu kunye neziThuthi (umlandeleli we- American Annals weZizithulu ) wayenqaku, "I-Maryland Iziko zeMbala eZiThulu eziThulu," ngo-Julayi 1873.
- Isikolo saseNorth Carolina - iNorth Carolina yaseCorporate yeZiqhwala kunye neeNfama (1869) - isikolo sokuqala sabantwana abamnyama abayizithulu. Urhulumente wamisela iSebe eliBala. Omnye wezakhono zesebe, uRoger D. O'Kelly, waba ngummeli kwaye waxelwa kwi-Old Silent Worker , Volume 139, No.6. Inqaku elithetha ngoKelly, "Ummeli we-Only Negro Deaf-Mute eMelika", unokujongwa kwi-intanethi.
- I-Oklahoma - I-Oklahoma Industrial Industrial IziThulu, izimpumputhe kunye neeNtandane zoMgca weMbala.
- ISouth Carolina - iSouth Carolina Iziko leMfundo yeZiThulu kunye neziThumbulu kunye neziLovu, iCandelo leBala.
- I-Tennessee - uJacob Mason (omnyama, weentloko ) wasungula isikolo somntu omnyama, isikolo saseTennessee seZiThulu eziThulu kunye neziThuthi.
- I-Texas - iTexas Institute for Youth Intelligent, Tute, and Blind Coloring (1887). UWilliam Holland, owayengumkhonzi weva lokubakho owamkela ukusekwa kwesikolo sezithulu ezinemibala, waba ngu-superintendent wokuqala wokuqala ngo-1887.
- ISikole saseVirginia - Virginia saseNtshonalanga yabantwana abayizithulu nabangaboniyo (1909).
- IWest Virginia yase-West Virginia School yeZiThulu neeNqatha (1919). Omnye wezizwe zaseAfrika abazizithulu zase-Afrika, u-Ernest Hairston, wayeye kwesi sikolo ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa. Igazini leGoldenseal , umqulu 28, inombolo yesi-3, ukuwa kwe-2002, yayinesihloko esithi, "Izikolo zaseWest Virginia eziNzululwazi kunye neziNkohliso," nguAncella Bickley. (Uyakwazi ukufumana ikopi ngokuqhagamshelana nabapapashi kwiWVCulture.org) UBickley naye wabhala incwadi ethi, Ngaphandle kweZithintelo: Imbali yeZikolo zaseWest Virginia eZiThili eziThulu kunye neziNkohliso, 1926-1955. Yapapashwa yi-West Virginia University Press ngo-2001 yaye ibonakala ingaprintwa kwaye ikhuni kakhulu ukuyifumana. Umfanekiso weencwadi unokufumaneka kwi-West Virginia University of Alumni Magazine, umxholo we-Spring 2002.
> Imithombo:
> Gannon, uJack R., Deaf Heritage , uMbutho weSizwe wezithulu, 1981, p.3.
> Paddon, uCarol, kunye noHumphries, uTom L. Ngaphakathi kweNkcubeko yezithulu , iHarvard University Press, 2005, iphe. 50-54.
> Hairston, Ernest, noSmith, Linwood. AbaMnyama nabangenangxaki eMelika: Ngaba thina sihlukile , TJ Publishers, Inc., 1983.